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| established monasticism in the Catholic Church |
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| settled and converted to Christianity |
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| monarch's power is limited |
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| Venetian leaders in Crusades |
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| neutralize Byzantine Empire |
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| men who were sent to make sure everyone is doing the king's orders |
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| rules that determined the relationship between a lord and his vassal |
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| while the lord was away at war or court, management of his estate fell to |
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| Justinian's codification of Roman law resulted in |
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| Emperor Alexius I asked for aid |
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| legally bound to the land upon which they worked and lived |
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| struggle between Henry IV and Gregory VII |
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| abandoned everything and preached |
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| Dominic de Guzman believed in |
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| the formation of a new religious order of men who lived lives of poverty and preached effectively |
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| harmonizing Christian teachings with Greek |
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| literature written in the language of everyday speech |
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| inspired the French with her faith |
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| Castile and Aragon were united when |
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| Isabella married Ferdinand |
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| Castile and Aragon were united when |
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| Isabella married Ferdinand |
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| peasants paid tithe which was |
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| ten percent of their produce |
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| burchers b b b b b b bb BBBB B Bvrfjnfkg BBBB BURG BURGMEISTERS B |
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| lay investiture was practiced by |
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| the postclassical period in Europe that began with the fall of the Roman Empire |
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| raiders from Scandinavia who disrupted Europe |
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| the system of relations between landlords and their peasant laborers |
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| workers who received protection from the landlords; in return they had to turn over part of their goods |
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| a plow that allowed deeper turning of the soil |
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| an agricultural system where only a third of the land was left unplanted each year to regain fertility |
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| a warrior chieftain who converted to Christianity to gain greater prestige over local rivals, who were still pagan |
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| a founder of the Carolingian line who was responsible for defeating the Muslims in the Battle of Tours, although his victory had more to do with Arab exhaustion and an overextended invasion force than Carolingian strength |
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| a Carolingian ruler who est. a substantial empire in France and Germany |
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| after Charlemagne's empire split, rulers that failed to develop centralized monarchy in Germany |
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| lesser lords who received land from a greater lord in return for military service and loyalty |
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| the Duke of Normandy, extended his tight feudal system to his new kingdom; est. administrative system, based on sheriffs; est. centralized monarchy |
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| philosophical approach that was based in schools |
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| an architectural style featuring pointed arches and flying buttresses as external supports on main walls |
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| period of cultural and economic decline and disruption |
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| the social process whereby cities grow and become more urban |
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| the decisive battle in which William the Conqueror defeated the Saxons under Harold II and thus left England open for Norman Conquest |
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| a monarchial system where many religions have the same laws |
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| socio-economic development |
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| the process of social and economic development in a society |
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| a nation's ruler or head o state usually by hereditary right |
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| early dynasties of Europe |
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| muslims, vikings, magyars |
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| trade, increase in general commerce and non-manufacturing pursuits |
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