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| king of England, raised heavy taxes, jailed people without good reasons, stole church land, was forced to sign Magna Carta |
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| What was the Magna Carta? |
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| written document, limited king's power, united England under the king |
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| teenage peasant girl, God called her to lead the French army, won battles, was captured and killed by English army |
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| traveled to Asia to trade, wrote a book about Asia |
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| czar of Russia, wanted to improve Russia, started navy, built a new capital city, opened Russia to trade |
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| What was the Bubonic Plague? |
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| a disease that killed many people, spread quickly, carried by rats, spread by fleas |
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| king of England, led crusaders, wanted to conquer the city of Acre, worked on a peace treaty with Saladin, known for his courage |
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| people who believe in the Religion of Islam |
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| a Muslim military leader, united Muslims to fight during crusades, conquered Jerusalem, let people of all religions visit Jerusalem |
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| the name Muslims use for God |
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| What is the Quran (Koran)? |
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| a holy journey Muslims try to make at least once in their lives to the city of Mecca |
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| a building for Muslims to gather together to pray |
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| the month when Muslims fast, pray, and ask forgiveness |
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| a Muslim idea that means to try really hard to do what God wants |
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| the person who started the religion of Islam, Muslims believe God talked to Muhammad |
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| a religion that believes in one God, has many followers in the world, comes from Arabic word for peace |
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| eight wars fought between Muslims and European Christians over the holy land (Israel) |
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| a system of government in which people where organized into an order, people traded land for loyalty and service |
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| a landowner who gave land to vassals in return for loyalty |
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| a person who pledged loyalty to a lord in return for land |
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| What does the word "medieval" mean? |
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| a piece of land given by a lord to a vassal |
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| a piece of land owned by a lord with a house for lord, a village, and fields for farming |
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| characteristics or qualities knights were supposed to have, like bravery and loyalty |
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| a peasant who belonged to the land |
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| What were the results of the crusades? |
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| Muslim goods and ideas spread to Europe. Europeans learned Math and cleaning habits from the Muslims. People from many religions continue to visit Jerusalem. People continue to fight over the land in this area. |
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| What are the five pillars of Islam? |
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| belief in one God, prayer fives times a day, help needy, hajj, Ramadan |
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| They believe they should follow one God, Allah. They believe Allah revealed a message to Muhammad that was later written as the Quran. They believe Jesus and Muhammad were both prophets. They believe God revealed the same message to Muslims, Christians, and Jews. |
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| Without the stability and one powerful ruler of the Roman Empire, western Europe experienced a time of chaos and battles over land. Feudalism provided order and organization. It also allowed people to work together to defend their land from attackers. |
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| In the feudal system, the nobles had a great deal of power. The Bubonic Plague killed many peasants. Since there weren't as many peasants, the lords really needed the peasants and the peasants became more powerful. Also, kings became more powerful. They helped towns, and used the money from the townspeople to pay armies to attack nobles who caused them trouble. |
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| Why is the Magna Carta important? |
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| The Magna Carta limited the king's power in England. When the founding fathers wrote the United States Bill of Rights, they got some of their ideas from the Magna Carta. |
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