Term
Roman Numerals:
I =
V =
X =
L =
C =
D = |
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| What are the names of the metric system units? |
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Definition
milli
centi
deci
base
Deca
Hecto
Kilo |
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| King Henry Doesn't __ Drink Chocolate Milk |
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Definition
Kilo
Hecto
Deca
Base
Deci
Centi
Milli
___
___
Micro |
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| 3 question to always ask/steps to solving a problem |
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-Is conversion needed?
-Set up problem
-Does it make sense? |
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| ounces in a medium sized glass |
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| square root of (weight in lbs x ht in inches)/3131 |
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| What place should all problems be rounded to? |
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| tenth (except BSA and drip rate) |
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| What place should BSA be rounded to? |
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| What place should drip rate be rounded to? |
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| Advantages of oral routes |
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Definition
-less expensive
-less assistance
-easily stored |
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| Disadvantages of oral routes |
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Definition
1. variations in absorption due to:
-food in GI tract
-PH variations of GI secretions
2. irritation of the gastric mucosa by certain drugs
3. destruction or partial inactivation of the drugs by liver enzymes. |
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| oxycodone and acetaminophen |
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| most commonly used drug in BSA calcultions |
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| Important points of nasogastric feeding tube meds |
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Definition
-Do not mix with feeding solution
-Mix with 1 oz warm water unless otherwise specified |
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| Meds that must be mixed differently when giving through NG tube |
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| Reasons that meds cannot be taken by mouth (PO) |
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Definition
inability to swallow
decrease LOC
inactivation of drug by gastric juices |
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| What must be written on a label of a medication? |
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Definition
When the drug is to be discarded
initials |
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| What time frame does a vile usually need to be used? |
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| What information is on a drug label? |
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Definition
-generic and brand name of drug
-drug does in weight and amount (ie., mg/mL)
-expiration date
-directions for adminiatration
-directions for reconstitution and dosing instructions if powdered. |
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| What are needleless syringes used for? |
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Definition
-intermittent infusion therapy
-irrigation of or intermittent infusion device for patency
-administration of IV meds through the IV tubing device. |
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| What are some uses of tuberculin syringes? |
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Definition
pediatric doses
heparin doses
doses less than 1 mL |
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| Intradermal needle gauges |
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Definition
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| Intradermal needle lengths |
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| Subcutaneous needle gauges |
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| Subcutaneous needle lengths |
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| Intramuscular needle gauges |
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| Why are drugs injected subQ? |
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Definition
| they are absorbed more slowly because there are fewer blood vessels in the fatty tissue. |
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| Why are some drugs injected IM? |
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Definition
| the drug may irritate the subQ layer and cause sloughing. |
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| What type of injection are insulin and heparin? |
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Definition
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| Why should aspiration or massage of a subQ injection site be avoided? (Especially with heparin) |
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Definition
| it could cause small-vessel bleeding. |
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| At what angle is insulin administered? |
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Definition
| 45- 60- 0r 90-degree angle. |
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| At what angle is heparin administered? |
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| What factor affects the angle of administration of insulin? |
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| Amount of fatty tissue. Obese persons may receive it at 90-degree angle, very thin persons may receive it at 45- to 60-degrees. |
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| Why type of insulin is cloudy? |
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Definition
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| What type of insulins are clear? |
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| What type of insulin can be given IV as well as subQ? |
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Definition
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| What are the three categories of insulin? |
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Definition
1. Fast acting (regular and lispro [Humalog])
2. intermediate-acting (Humulin N
3. Long-acting(Lantus) |
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| What types of insulin cannot be mixed with Regular? |
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Definition
Lantus
Detemir (Levemir)
both are slo onset or intermediate/longacting |
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| What are the six steps of mixing insulin? |
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Definition
1. Clean the rubber tops of the insulin bottles
2. Draw up sufficient air to inject into the NPH insulin and inject it, avoid letting needle end touch the insulin
3. Draw up sufficient air to inject into the regular insulin.
4. Inject air into regular insulin and draw out regular insulin
5. Insert needle into NPH insulin and withdraw sufficient NPH insulin.
6. Administer immediately. Do not allow mixture to sit. |
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| What needle gauges are typically used for thick solutions that are given IM? |
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Definition
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| What needle gauges are used for thin solutions given IM? |
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| What to do if the type and amount of diluent is not on the drug label or insert |
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| how much fluid (mL) is usually in one dose of medication? |
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| What is done with unused drug solutions in ampules? |
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| What are the steps for mixing two drugs in the same syringe from two different vials? |
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Definition
1. Draw air into the syringe to equal the amount of solution to be withdrawn from the first vial. Inject it into the first vial. Do not allow needle to come into contact with solution. Remove needle.
2. Invert second vile and inject sufficient air. Withdraw desired amount of solution.
3. Change needle unless entire volume in first vile will be used.
4. Withdraw desired amount of solution from inverted first vile. |
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| What are the steps for mixing two drugs in a prefilled cartridge from a vial |
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Definition
1. Check drug dose and amount of solution in the prefilled cartridge. expel excess solution.
2. Draw air into the cartridge to equal the amount of solution to be withdrawn from vial. Invert vial and inject air.
3. Withdraw the desired amount of solution from the vial. Be sure needle remains in the fluid and do not take more than is needed. |
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| If a drug is administered directly into the vein, if there is a risk of irritating the vein how much fluid is is it diluted with (minimum)? |
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| What are the benefits of continuous IV infusion? |
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Definition
| replaces fluid loss, maintains fluid balance, serves as vehicle for drug administration. |
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| Benefits of intermittent IV infusion |
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Definition
| Used only to give IV drugs |
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| Why would a microdrip be preferred over a macrodrip? |
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Definition
| IV flow rates less than 100 mL per hour or if client is a child |
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KVO: what it means
rate of it
reason for it |
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Definition
keep vein open
rate of 10 mL/h
reason: potential emergency situation |
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| If a drug needs to be added to an infusion bag, when should it be added and why? |
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Definition
| Before infusion bag is connected to the patient, because the drug can be concentrated at the bottom of the bag and patient will receive a lot of medicine at one time. |
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| What should be done with the bag if drugs are injected into it before use? |
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Definition
| It should be refrigerated. |
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| reasons for using a secondary IV set |
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Definition
| small volumes of 50, 100 or 250 or for children. |
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| amount used to flush drug out of line |
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Definition
Medication given by direct IV route
Given to clients with poor muscle mass or decreased circulation or for a drug that is poorly absorbed from the tissues. Given in place of IM injection. |
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| rate of electronic IV regulators |
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Definition
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| a flow control for electronic IV regulator; delivers a specific volume of fluid at a specific rate in mL per hour. |
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| infuses at a drop rate in drops per minute |
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| common IV infusion problems |
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Definition
| kinked tubing, infiltration, free flow IV rates |
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| common problems with IV infusion devices |
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Definition
| fluid overload, incorrect programming, thrombus formation, infiltration |
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Definition
| TO PROVIDE A UNIFORM SERUM CONCENTRATION OF DRUG |
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less oversedation
patient feels in greater control
less narcotic is used |
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| reasons for pediatric drug dosage differences |
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Definition
| immature kidney and liver function, slow gastric emptying time in infants, decreased gastric acid secretion in kids younger than 3 years; less body fat and more body water |
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| What type of drug may need to be given to children in larger doses? |
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Definition
| water soluble because of larger concentration of water in body composition |
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