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| excessive sensitivity to pain |
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| feeling, nervous sensation |
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| pons (a part of the brain) |
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| nerve root (of spinal nerves) |
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| sheath (refers to the meninges) |
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| vagus nerve (10th cranial nerve) |
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| excessive sensitivity to pain |
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| feeling, nervous sensation |
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| -kinesia, -kinesis, -kinetic |
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| weakness; slight paralysis |
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| paralysis (loss or the impairment of the ability to move parts of the body) |
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| gray matter (of the brain or spinal column) |
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| Minor form of seizure, consisting of momentary clouding of consciousness and loss of contact with the environment. |
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Definition
| Neurotransmitter chemical released at the ends of nerve cells. |
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Definition
| Carry nervous impulses toward the brain and spinal cord; sensory nerves. |
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Definition
| Pertaining to loss or absence of voluntary movement. |
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Definition
| Brain disorder marked by progressive, gradual mental deterioration (dementia) along with personality changes and impairment of daily functioning. |
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Term
| Amyotropic lateral sclerosis |
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Definition
| Degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem and resulting in total body paralysis. |
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Definition
| Absence of sensitivity to pain. (usually accompanied by sedation without loss of consciousness). |
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Definition
| Congenital condition of partial or complete absence of brain matter. |
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Definition
| Lack of feeling or nervous sensation. |
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| Weakening of an arterial wall, which may lead to hemorrhage and cerebrovascular accident (stroke). |
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Definition
| Inability to speak; language function is impaired due to injury to the cerebral cortex. |
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Definition
| Inability to perform purposeful acts or manipulate objects (in the absence of paralysis or sensory or motor impairment). |
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Definition
| Middle layer of the meninges that surround the brain and spinal cord. |
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Definition
| Glial (neuroglial) cell that transports salts and water from capillaries. |
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Definition
| Brain tumor composed of astrocytes (glial cells). The most serious of these tumors is a glioblastoma multiforme (Grades III and IV malignant brain tumor). |
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Definition
| No muscular coordination (often caused by cerebellar dysfunction). |
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Definition
| Peculiar sensation appearing before more definite symptoms. |
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Definition
| Nerves that control involuntary body functions of muscles, glands, and internal organs. |
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Definition
| Microscopic fiber that carries a nervous impulse along a nerve cell. |
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Definition
| Unilateral paralysis of the face caused by a disorder of the facial nerve. |
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| Blood vessels that let certain substances enter the brain tissue and keep other substances out. |
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| Lower portion of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord. |
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| Collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord. |
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Definition
| Burning sensation of pain (in the skin); usually following injury to sensory fibers of a peripheral nerve. |
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Definition
| Part of the nerve cell (neuron) that contains the nucleus. |
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| Pertaining to the cerebellum. |
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| Pertaining to the cerebellum and pons. |
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Definition
| Part of the brain that coordinates muscle movements and maintains balance. |
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Definition
| X-ray record of blood vessels in the brain after intravenous injection of contrast material. |
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Term
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Definition
| Temporary brain dysfunction (brief loss of consciousness) after injury; usually clearing within 24 hours. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bruising of brain tissue as a result of direct trauma to the head; neurologic disorder persists longer than 24 hours. |
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Definition
| The outer region (gray matter) of the cerebrum. |
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Definition
| Bursting of an artery in the brain. |
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Term
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Definition
| Partial paralysis and muscular coordination caused by loss of oxygen or blood flow to the cerebrum during pregnancy or in the perinatal period. |
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Term
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Definition
| Clear, watery fluid that surrounds & circulates throughout the brain and spinal cord and is located within the ventricles of the brain. |
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Term
| Cerebrospinal fluid analysis |
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Definition
| Samples of cerebrospinal fluid are examined for blood cells, protein, glucose, tumor cells, bacteria and other substances. |
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Term
| Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) |
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Definition
| Disruption of the normal blood supply to the brain; stroke. |
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Definition
| Largest part of the brain; responsible for voluntary muscular activity, vision, speech, taste, hearing, thought and memory, among other functions. |
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Definition
| State of unconsciousness from which a patient cannot be aroused. |
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| In a state of coma (profound unconsciousness from which one cannot be roused; may be due to trauma, disease, or action of ingested toxic substance). |
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Definition
| Cross-sectional x-ray imaging of an organ (such as the brain or spinal cord), with or without contrast material. |
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Definition
| Twelve pairs of nerves that carry messages to and from the brain. |
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Definition
| Mental decline and deterioration. |
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Definition
| Destruction of myelin on axons of nerves (as in multiple sclerosis). |
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Definition
| Microscopic branching portion of a nerve cell; first part of the nerve cell to receive the nervous impulse. |
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Definition
| Neurotransmitter in the central nervous system; deficient in patients with Parkinson disease. |
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Term
| Doppler/ultrasound studies |
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Definition
| Sound waves are used to detect blood flow in arteries within the brain and leading to the brain. |
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Term
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Definition
| Thick, outermost layer of the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord. |
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Definition
| Impairment of the ability to perform voluntary movements. |
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Definition
| Involuntary, spasmodic movements. |
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Term
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Definition
| Disorder of reading, writing, or learning (despite the ability to see and recognize letters). |
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Term
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Definition
| Carry messages away from the brain the spinal cord; motor nerves. |
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Term
| Electroencephalography (EEG) |
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Definition
| Process of recording the electricity within the brain. |
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Definition
| Blood clot that is carried by the bloodstream from one area of the body to another where it blocks a blood vessel. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the brain. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any disease of the brain. |
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Definition
| A glial cell that lines the membranes within the brain and spinal cord and helps form cerebrospinal fluid. |
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Term
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Definition
| Collection of blood located above the dura mater. |
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Definition
| Brain disorder marked by recurrent attacks (seizures) of abnormal nervous impulses. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Collection of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system; plural is ganglia. |
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Definition
| Nervous system cell that is supportive and connective in function: Astrocyte, microglial cell, ependymal cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tumor (malignant) of glial (neuroglial or supportive) cells in the brain. |
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Term
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Definition
| Highly malignant brain tumor composed of glial cells (astrocytes). |
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Definition
| Sheet of nerve cells that produces a rounded fold on the surface of the cerebrum. |
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Definition
| Slight paralysis of the right or left half of the body. |
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Definition
| Paralysis of the right or left half of the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| Viral infection affecting peripheral nerves. |
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Definition
| Disease of the brain (dementia) caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). |
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Definition
| Hereditary disorder affecting the cerebrum and involving abrupt, involuntary, jerking movements and mental deterioration in later stages. |
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Definition
| Abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles (canals) of the brain. |
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Definition
| Diminished sensitivity to pain. |
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Term
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Definition
| Excessive sensitivity or feeling, especially of the skin in response to touch or pain or other sensory stimuli. |
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Definition
| Condition of excessive movement (muscular activity). |
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Definition
| Portion of the brain beneath the thalamus; controls sleep, appetite, body temperature, and secretions from the pituitary gland. |
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Definition
| Pertaining to a sudden, acute onset, as the convulsion of an epileptic seizure. |
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Definition
| Pertaining to within the membranes (meninges) surrounding the brain and spinal cord. |
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Term
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Definition
| Placement of substances (medications) into the subarachnoid space. |
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Term
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Definition
| The two thinner membranes—the pia mater and the arachnoid membrane—surrounding the brain and spinal cord. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the two thinner membranes (arachnoid and pia mater) surrounding the brain and spinal cord. |
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Term
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Definition
| Withdrawal of cerebrospinal fluid from the subarachnoid space between two lumbar vertebrae; spinal tap. |
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Term
| Magnetic resonance imaging |
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Definition
| Magnetic and radio waves create an image of an organ three planes of the body. The brain and spinal cord can be imaged to detect lesions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lower part of the brain, closest to the spinal cord; controls breathing heartbeat, and size of blood vessels. |
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Definition
| Pertaining to the meninges. |
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Definition
| Three membranes surrounding and protecting the brain and spinal cord. |
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Definition
| Tumor (benign) of the meninges. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the meninges. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hernia of the meninges through a defect or space between vertebrae; a form of spina bifida cystica. |
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Definition
| A severe headache, often unilateral, and sometimes accompanied by nausea and vomiting. |
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Definition
| Phagocytic glial cell that removes waste products from the central nervous system. |
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Definition
| Carry impulses from the brain and spinal cord to muscles. |
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Definition
| Chronic neurologic disorder marked by destruction of the myelin sheath on neuronal axons in the CNS and replacement by plaques of sclerotic tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
| Autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles. |
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Definition
| Fatty, white covering over the axon of a nerve cell. |
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Definition
| X-ray record (with contrast) of the spinal cord. |
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Definition
| Congenital hernia (protrusion) of the spinal cord and meninges through a defect (gap) in the vertebral column. This defect is often associated with spina bifida. |
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Definition
| Pertaining to muscle and nerve. |
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Definition
| Sudden, uncontrollable episodes of sleep (seizure of sleep). |
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Definition
| Macroscopic cordlike collection of fibers that carry electrical impulses. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Lack of strength in nerves; a feeling of weakness and nervous exhaustion. |
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Definition
| Supporting cells (stroma) of the nervous system; glial cells. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Disease of nerves; primarily in the peripheral nervous system. |
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Definition
| Chemical messenger released at the end of a nerve cell. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Glial (neuroglial) cell that forms the myelin sheath covering the axon of a neuron. |
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Definition
| Relieving symptoms, but not curative. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Paralysis of the lower part of the body and both legs. |
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Definition
| Involuntary, autonomic nerves that regulate normal body functions, such as heart rate, breathing, and the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract. |
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Term
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Definition
| Essential, functioning cells of any organ. Neurons (nerve cells) are the parenchyma of the nervous system. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Abnormal nervous sensation occurring without apparent cause. Examples are tingling, numbness or prickling sensations. |
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Term
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Definition
| Degeneration of nerve cells that produce the neurotransmitter, dopamine in the brain; leads to tremors, weakness of muscles, and slowness of movement. |
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Term
| Peripheral nervous system |
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Definition
| Nerves outside the brain and spinal cord; cranial, spinal, and autonomic nerves. |
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Term
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Definition
| Thin, delicate, innermost membrane of the meninges. |
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Definition
| Network of nerves outside of the central nervous system; brachial, cervical, lumbosacral plexuses are examples. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of many (spinal) nerves, causing paralysis, pain, & wasting of muscles. Guillain-Barré syndrome (sequela of certain viral infections with paresthesias & muscular weakness) is an example. |
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Term
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Definition
| Part of the brainstem anterior to the cerebellum, between the medulla and the rest of the brain. The pons connects the upper and lower portions of the brain. |
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Term
| Positron emission tomography |
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Definition
| Computerized radiologic procedure using radioactive glucose or oxygen to image the metabolic activity of cells, such as brain cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Paralysis of all four limbs; both arms and both legs. |
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Definition
| Inflammation of a spinal nerve root. |
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Term
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Definition
| Disease of nerve roots and nerves |
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Term
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Definition
| Disease of a spinal nerve root. |
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Definition
| Organ that receives nervous stimulation and passes it on to nerves that carry the stimulation to the brain and spinal cord; skin, ears, eyes and taste buds. |
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Term
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Definition
| Extends from the base of the spine down the thigh, lower leg, and foot. Sciatica is pain along the course of the nerve. |
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Term
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Definition
| Carry messages to the brain and spinal cord from a receptor; afferent nerves. |
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Term
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Definition
| Viral (herpes zoster) illness that affects peripheral nerves; produces blisters and pain on the skin overlying the path of peripheral nerves. |
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Term
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Definition
| Congenital defect in the lumbar spinal column caused by imperfect union of vertebral parts; spinal cord and meninges may herniate through the vertebral gap. |
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Term
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Definition
| Thirty-one pairs of nerves arising from the spinal cord. Each spinal nerve affects a particular area of the skin. |
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Term
| Stereotactic radiosurgery |
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Definition
| Use of a specialized instrument using three-dimensional coordinates to locate the site to be operated on. |
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Term
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Definition
| Agent of change (light, sound, touch) that evokes a response. |
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Definition
| Connective and supportive tissue of an organ. |
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Definition
| Collection of blood under the dura mater (outermost layer of the meninges). |
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Definition
| Depression or groove in the surface of the cerebral cortex; fissure. |
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Definition
| Autonomic nerves that activate responses in times of stress; heartbeat, respiration, and blood pressure are affected. |
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Term
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Definition
| Space between nerve cells or between nerve cells and muscle and glandular cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pertaining to syncope (fainting). |
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Term
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Definition
| Fainting; temporary loss of consciousness. |
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Definition
| Pertaining to the thalamus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Main relay center of the brain; located in the central region or diencephalon of the brain. |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormal condition of clot formation in a blood vessel. |
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Term
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Definition
| Involuntary movement of a small group of muscles, as of the face. |
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Term
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Definition
| A major seizure affecting the brain in epilepsy. |
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Term
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Definition
| Neurologic disorder characterized by multiple facial and other body tics. |
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Term
| Transient ischemic attack |
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Definition
| Fleeting episode of ischemia (holding back blood) in the brain. |
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Term
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Definition
| Flashes of stab like pain along the course of a branch of the trigeminal nerve (5th cranial nerve). The trigeminal nerve has branches to the eye, upper jaw and lower jaw. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pertaining to the vagus (10th cranial) nerve. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tenth cranial nerve with branches to the chest and abdominal organs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fluid (cerebrospinal fluid) filled canals in the brain. |
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