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Definition
| A type of tissue in which a framework or matrix of organic (protein) fibers is reinforced by deposits of calcium and phosphorus salts, which provide strength and rigidity. |
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Definition
| The dense sheet of connective tissue covering most bones. |
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Definition
| The expanded articular end of a long bone. |
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| The area on a bone between the diaphysis and the epiphysis. |
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Definition
| Bones that are hollow and contain bone marrow in their cavities. |
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Definition
| The site of production of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. |
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| A noncalcified connective tissue similar to bone. In most joints, the contacting surfaces of the bones are covered by protective layers of cartilage. |
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Definition
| Thick cushion of tougher cartilage primarily seen in weight-bearing joints. |
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Definition
| A unique type of tissue that has the property of contracting under appropriate stimulation. |
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Definition
| Muscle that is innervated by the autonomous nervous system and is not subject to voluntary control. |
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Definition
| Transmit impulses from the brain and spinal cord. |
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Definition
| For proprioception (perception of position and movement). |
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Definition
| Bands that serve for attachment to muscle. |
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Definition
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Definition
| A broad sheetlike connection. |
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Definition
| Purse-like cushions containing a little fluid to protect under-lying surfaces and reduce friction. |
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Definition
| The site where two bones articulate (connect, generally in an arrangement whereby one or both can move with respect to the other). |
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Definition
| A delicate, highly vascular connective tissue that secretes a lubricating fluid in small amounts. |
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Definition
| A band of inelastic connective tissue extending across the joint from one bone to the other to limit both the direction and the extent of motion at the joint. |
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Definition
| Above-the-knee amputation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Immobility and consolidation of a joint due to disease, injury, or surgical procedure. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Death of tissue due to loss of blood supply. |
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Definition
| Below-the-knee amputation. |
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Definition
| Gel-like material that is exactly like wax that you would use in the kitchen. It has the ability to seal little pores in the bone that are exuding blood. |
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Definition
| Formation of a bridge from one bone to another by abnormal calcium deposition, as in osteoarthritis. |
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Definition
| An unorganized meshwork of woven bone, which is formed following fracture of a bone and is normally replaced by hard adult bone. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Rubbing or grating sound. |
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Term
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Definition
| Increased density of articular ends of bone. |
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Definition
| Affecting or pertaining to structures other than joints. |
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Term
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Definition
| A plate, pin, nail, or screw used to hold fracture fragments in place. |
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Term
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Definition
| Small firm nodules at the distal inter-phalangeal joints of the fingers. |
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Definition
| Forward hunching of the upper spine. |
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Definition
| Pertaining to the midback. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| OSTEOPHYTES, OSTEOPHYTE FORMATION |
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Definition
| Outgrowths of bone from the surface. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Pertaining to the sacrum. |
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Definition
| Lateral curvature of the spine. |
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Definition
| Clicking, popping, rubbing, grating. |
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Definition
| Flat nail that is placed across a fracture or bone osteotomy to hold it in place. |
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Definition
| Forward displacement of one vertebra over another. |
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Definition
| A congenital defect in the pars interarticularis of a lumbar vertebra (usually L5) that predisposes to spondylolisthesis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator, a device used in the treatment of chronic pain. |
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Term
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Definition
| To locate specific orthopedic tests in a medical dictionary, look under test, sign, maneuver, or under the name of the test itself listed alphabetically. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Nodular deposits or urate crystals with local inflammation, typical in gout. |
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Definition
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Definition
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| FINGER BONE, TOE BONE (LAY) |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| Herniated nucleus pulposus |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A simple device consisting of two arms connected at a movable joint, with a scale that reads in degrees of rotation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Demonstrated on x-ray by bone volume loss of 50% or more. |
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Term
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Definition
| Enlargement of muscles affected by muscular dystrophy. |
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Term
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Definition
| Scoliosis affecting the vertebrae primarily. |
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Term
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Definition
| Scoliosis occurring as a result of abnormality or disease other than in the affected vertebrae. |
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Term
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Definition
| The sensation of contained fluid on palpation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fluctuant swelling of the bursa behind the knee joint, which communicates with the joint space, as a result of local trauma or disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cutting through the posterior arch of one or more vertebrae |
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Term
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Definition
| Herniated nucleus pulposus; slipped disk; herniated disk |
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Term
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Definition
| Crescent or c-shaped pads of fibrocartilage within the knee joint, one medial and one lateral, that cushion shocks between the femur and tibia. |
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Term
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Definition
| Extension of the knee from full flexion with the leg and foot externally rotated causes an audible or palpable snap in medial meniscus tear; extension with the leg and foot internally rotated causes a snap in lateral meniscus tear. |
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Term
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Definition
| The large four-headed muscle on the front of the thigh that extends the knee joint. |
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Term
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Definition
| Roughening, fraying, even complete loss of cartilage. |
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Term
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Definition
| Trauma to the back of the patella with resultant degenerative changes. Principal symptom is pain with walking, especially on stairs, and with squatting. |
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Term
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Definition
| Repeatedly bringing the knee into full extension, with tensing of the muscles of the front of the thigh. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fractures for which underlying abnormality of bone are partly responsible. |
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Term
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Definition
| Single-photon absorptiometry |
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Term
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Definition
| Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry |
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Term
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Definition
| Degenerative joint disease; osteoarthritis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Crystals formed by high levels of uric acid in the blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| An autoimmune disorder in which immune cells attack and destroy the exocrine glands that produce tears and saliva. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| An enzyme whose level in the serum is often increased in bone disease and obstructive liver disease. |
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Term
| ANA (ANTINUCLEAR ANTIBODY) |
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Definition
| An antibody detected by immunofluorescence in patients with RA, LE, and other autoimmune disease. |
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Term
| ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE (ESR, SED RATE) |
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Definition
| The rate at which red blood cells settle to the bottom of a specimen of whole blood that has been treated with anticoagulant. The rate is expressed in millimeters per hour (mm/h), as measured in a standard glass column. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lupus erythematosus cell test. |
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Term
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Definition
| Rheumatoid arthritis test |
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Term
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Definition
| An antibody present in the serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune disorders. |
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Term
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Definition
| ESR; acceptable brief form of erythrocyte sedimentation rate. |
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Term
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Definition
| A breakdown product of purine metabolism, increased in gout and other disorders. |
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Term
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Definition
| With the patient supine, the injured knee is bent to 90 degrees. The physician then grasps the upper end of the tibia and pulls it anteriorly. Excessive movement means the anterior cruciate ligament within the knee joint is damaged or torn. |
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Term
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Definition
| A surgical procedure which involves an incision into a joint and the insertion of an arthroscope to view the structures inside the joint. |
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Term
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Definition
| A nuclear imaging test which, following the intravenous administration of radioisotope, uses a scanning device to detect areas of abnormal uptake in the bones to identify fractures. |
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Term
| CROSSED (OR CONTRALATERAL) STRAIGHT LEG RAISING |
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Definition
| With the patient supine, the unaffected leg is held straight and flexed at the hip. If sciatica is present, the patient will experience pain in the opposite, affected side. |
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Term
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Definition
| Determination of variations in density by comparison with that of another material or with a certain standard. |
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Term
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Definition
| A quantitative assessment of a patient's bone density, and comparison with normal ranges for persons of the same age and sex. |
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Term
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Definition
| Test to determine the response pattern of muscles when stimulated by an electrical impulse from a needle electrode inserted into the muscle. |
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Term
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Definition
| Including x-ray, the most common and least expensive diagnostic tool for assessing bone structure and integrity. AKA radiograph, film, roentgenogram, roentgenograph. MRI, CT scan, and nuclear medicine studies are also used for diagnostic studies. |
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Term
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Definition
| Similar to the anterior drawer test, but performed with the patient's knee flexed only to 15-20 degrees. Also used to evaluate anterior cruciate ligament stability. |
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Term
| OPEN REDUCTION, INTERNAL FIXATION (ORIF) |
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Definition
| A surgical procedure to correct a fracture that requires alignment and fixation with a plate, pin, or screw. |
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Term
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Definition
| With the patient supine, the foot is held in the physician's hand. The physician then turns the foot inward while pushing on the outside of the knee with the opposite hand, at the same time flexing and extending the patient's leg. This test is also used to evaluate anterior cruciate ligament stability. |
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Term
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Definition
| Radical surgical excision of infected bone. |
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Term
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Definition
| With the patient supine, the leg is elevated with the knee straight to the point where pain is experienced in the back or leg itself, or dorsiflexion of the foot causes an increase in pain. This test is done to determine if nerve root irritation is present. AKA Lasegue sign (or test). |
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