Term
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Definition
| Receives unoxygenated blood from the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava. |
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Term
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Definition
| Receives unoxygenated blood from the right atrium. Sends it to the lungs to get oxygen. |
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Term
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Definition
| Receives freshly oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins. |
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Term
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Definition
| Receives freshly oxygenated blood from the left atrium. Pumps it out to the body via the aorta. |
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Term
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Definition
| Contraction of a heart chamber |
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Term
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Definition
| Relaxation and refilling of a heart chamber |
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Term
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Definition
| Protective sac encasing the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| Deficiency of red blood cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Irregular rhythm of the heartbeat, with or without an abnormally slow or fast rate |
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Term
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Definition
| Swelling of the abdomen due to effusion of fluid into the peritoneal cavity |
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Term
| AUSCULTATION OF THE HEART |
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Definition
| The physician notes the quality and loudness of the heart sounds heard through a stethoscope at the four valve areas. |
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Term
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Definition
| A pulse that is both irregular and abnormally slow |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormal slowness of the heartbeat (pulse less than 60/min) |
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Term
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Definition
| A rough vascular sound, synchronous with the heartbeat, heard on auscultation over a narrowing in an artery. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Club-shaped deformity of fingertips, seen in chronic pulmonary disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| Dilatation, hypertrophy, or failure of the right ventricle due to acute or chronic pulmonary disease. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Edema of the lower extremities, aggravated by the dependent (downward hanging) position |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Swelling due to the presence of fluid in tissue spaces |
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Term
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Definition
| An abnormal accumulation of fluid in a body cavity, such as the pericardium |
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Term
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Definition
| The percentage of the blood contained in a ventricle at the end of diastole that is ejected from the heart during the succeeding systole, normally 65% or higher. |
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Term
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Definition
| Obstruction of a blood vessel by a detached blood clot, air, fat, or injected material |
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Term
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Definition
| A material deposited in or on tissues as a result of inflammation or degeneration and consisting of protein-rich fluid, inflammatory cells, and tissue debris. |
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Term
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Definition
| Rapid, random, ineffectual twitching of cardiac muscle, instead of normal regular systolic contractions, due usually to metabolic or coronary vascular disease. Atrial fibrillation can continue for years without serious impairment of health, but ventricular fibrillation is rapidly fatal. |
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Term
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Definition
| A cardiac rhythm that simulates the sound of a galloping horse on auscultation, usually due to the presence of a third or fourth heart sound, or both. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Increase in jugular venous distension when the examiner applies pressure to the liver |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Elevation of the blood pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| Enlargement of a heart chamber due to increase in the thickness of its muscular wall. |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormally low blood pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| Death of tissue due to interruption of its blood supply |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| KEITH-WAGENER-BARKER CHANGES |
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Definition
| Abnormal signs in the retina and retinal vessels due to hypertension and arteriosclerosis, using Roman numerals I through IV. |
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Term
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Definition
| The hollow interior of a vessel or other tubular structure |
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Term
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Definition
| An abnormal sound,synchronous with the heartbeat, sue to flow of blood through a valve or other passage in the heart. Murmurs are distinguished as to sound quality (harsh, blowing, high-pitched); timing (systolic, mid-systolic, late diastolic); loudness (grade 1 to 6 in one system, 1 to 4 in another); radiation (to apex, carotids, left axilla); where best heard (left sternal border, aortic valve area); effect of position (squatting, standing); and effect of respiratory movements (inspiration, breath-holding). |
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Term
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Definition
| The need to rise from bed to urinate during the night. |
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Term
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Definition
| Various abnormal sensations accompanying heartbeat; unduly rapid heartbeat; noticeably irregular beat; a feeling that some or all heartbeats are unusually strong; a sense of missed beats; or intermittent flip-flop sensations in the heart. |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurring in sudden attacks or seizures (paroxysms). |
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Term
| PAROXYSMAL NOCTURNAL DYSPNEA (PND) |
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Definition
| Sudden attacks of labored breathing awakening a patient from sleep |
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Term
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Definition
| Delivery of oxygen and nutrients to tissues by the circulatory system, with removal of carbon dioxide and other wastes |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the pericardium, the membranous sac surrounding the heart. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A very small spot of hemorrhage under the surface of the skin or mucous membrane, usually multiple, due to a local or systemic disorder |
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Term
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Definition
| Edema that retains the mark of the examiner's fingers after release of pressure. |
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Term
| POINT OF MAXIMAL INTENSITY (PMI) |
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Definition
| The point on the chest wall where the impulse of the beating heart is most often distinctly felt by the examiner's fingers |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The heartbeat, and by extension the rate of heartbeat, as measured at the wrist (radial pulse), the cardiac apex (apical pulse), or elsewhere. |
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Term
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Definition
| A crackling or bubbling sound heard on auscultation of the breath sounds, usually due to fluid in small respiratory passages |
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Term
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Definition
| A whistling or humming sound caused by passage of air through narrowed parts of the respiratory tract |
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Term
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Definition
| An abnormally strong thrust applied to the chest wall by the beating heart, as detected by the examiner's fingers. |
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Term
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Definition
| Seperation of the first or second heart sound, or both, into two distinctly audible components. |
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Term
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Definition
| A structural or functional peculiarity or abnormality that is characteristic of an ingerited or acquired condition, and may be useful in its diagnosis |
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Term
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Definition
| Sudden loss of consciousness; fainting |
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Term
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Definition
| A pulse that is both irregular and abnormaly rapid. |
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Term
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Definition
| Rapid heart rate (over 100/min) |
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Term
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Definition
| An abnormal sensation felt by the examiner over the heart when blood jets through an anomalous or narrowed orifice |
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Term
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Definition
| The innermost layer or lining of an artery. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pertaining to one or more blood vessels |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of blood vessels |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| ARTERIOSCLEROSIS, ATHEROSCLEROSIS |
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Definition
| Hardening of the arteries |
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Term
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Definition
| Chest pain (of cardiac origin) |
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Term
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Definition
| Surgical removal of a segment of vessel that has an abnormal ballooning and threatens to rupture |
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Term
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Definition
| Injection of radiopaque dye directly into an artery to obtain x-rays of the vessel and its branches |
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Term
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Definition
| Stretching or breaking up atherosclerotic plaques in coronary arteries |
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Term
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Definition
| Coronary artery bypass graft |
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Term
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Definition
| A procedure that involves passing a flexible catheter through the femoral artery and into the heart to measure pressures within the heart's chambers. Dye is then injected to show patency or obstruction of the coronary arteries. |
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Term
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Definition
| Removal of hardened plaque from an obstructed carotid artery |
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Term
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Definition
| Surgical enlargement of the aperature of a stenotic heart valve, particularly the mitral, by stretching or cutting |
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Term
| CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT (CABG) |
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Definition
| Surgical procedure done to bypass one or more occluded coronary arteries by using a vein graft (often from the leg) |
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Term
| CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR) |
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Definition
| The use of external compression of the heart coupled with breathing techniques to revive a victim whose heart and respirations have stopped. |
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Term
| ELECTROCARDIOGRAM (ECG, EKG) |
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Definition
| A tracing of the electrical activity of the heart. |
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Term
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Definition
| A noninvasive diagnostic procedure in which an ultrasonic beam is directed at the heart and the returning echoes are recorded and analyzed; valuable for the measurement of cardiac chambers (wall thickness and cavity volume), assessment of ventricular function, and identification of valvular malfunction. |
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Term
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Definition
| Test during which the patient exercises on a treadmill to stress the heart and reproduce symptoms of angina and EKG changes |
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Term
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Definition
| Implantation of a vessel graft (real or artificial) into the femoral and popliteal arteries to bypass one or more blockages |
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Term
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Definition
| A continously recorded EKG as monitored by a portable EKG machine worn by the patient. This procedure is done on an outpatient basis for 24 hours to detect arrhythmias. |
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Term
| MUGA SCAN (MULTIPLE GATED ACQUISITION SCAN) |
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Definition
| Radiologic procedure in which a radioactive isotope is injected into the arteries with a subsequent scan showing uptake of the isotope by the heart. These radioactive emissions are electronically collected and analyzed by computer, resulting in a series of successive images all taken at the same point in the cardiac cycle. This test is used to assess heart size, shape, and function. |
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Term
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Definition
| Placement of pacemaker electrodes to the heart to correct heart block or control persistant irregular rhythms. |
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Term
| PERCUTANEOUS TRANSLUMINAL ANGIOPLASTY (PTA) |
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Definition
| Procedure used to dilate an occluded artery, usually a coronary artery, by passing a catheter (with a deflated balloon section) to the site of the occlusion and inflating the balloon to compress the obstruction and enlarge the lumen of the vessel. |
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Term
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Definition
| Exercise stress test (cardiac stress test). |
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Term
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Definition
| Excision and replacement of a valve of the heart because of stenosis or insufficiency |
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Term
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Definition
| Surgical removal of (usually) the saphenous leg vein and its branches to treat varicose veins |
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Term
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Definition
| Insertion of a needle into a vein for the purpose of removing blood for testing, or to inject fluids, medicines, or diagnostic materials |
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Term
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Definition
| A lipid (fatty) material formed in the liver and transported in the blood, which serves as a building block for various hormones and other substances. Elevation of serum cholesterol, which is usually due to an inherited disturbance of lipid metabolism, is associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis. |
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Term
| CREATINE PHOSPHOKINASE (CPK) |
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Definition
| A serum enzyme that can be chemically distinguished into three isoenzymes or fractions: the BB isoenzyme is elevated in cerebral infarction, the MM in muscular dystrophy and muscle crush injury, and MB in myocardial infarction. When seperated in the laboratory by electrophoresis, these isoenzymes appear as distinct bands in a visual display. |
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Term
| HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (HDL) |
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Definition
| Lipid-carrying serum proteins associated with a relatively low risk of cholesterol deposition in arteries. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any group of enzymes having similar chemical effects but differing in structure and often arising from different sources in the body. |
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Term
| LACTIC DEHYDROGENASE (LDH) |
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Definition
| An isoenzyme. LDH1 is found in heart muscle; levels are increased after myocardial infarction. LDH2 is normally found in higher amounts in the serum than LDH1. When the level of LDH1 surpasses that LDH2, this is called "flipped LDH". |
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Term
|
Definition
| Serum proteins that bind and transport lipid materials including cholesterol. |
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Term
| LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (LDL) |
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Definition
| Lipid-carrying serum proteins associated with a relatively high risk of cholesterol deposition in arteries. |
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Term
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Definition
| Immature neutrophils whose nuclei appear as bands, in contrast to mature neutrophils whose nuclei are segmented or lobed. |
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Term
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Definition
| Acceptable brief form for basophils |
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Term
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Definition
| Very immature cells, particularly leukocytes, not normally found in peripheral blood but present in acute leukemia |
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Term
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Definition
| The number of minutes it takes for a small incision in the skin, made with a lancet, to stop bleeding. Either the Duke method (puncture of the earlobe) or the Ivy method (puncture of the forearm) may be used. |
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Term
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Definition
| A genetically determined and permanent characteristic of a person's RBCs based on the presence of certain antigens. Two blood type systems of clinical importance are the ABO and the Rh. |
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Term
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Definition
| An abnormal RBC with a jagged contour |
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Term
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Definition
| Complete blood count. A group of blood tests including counts of RBC, WBC, and platelets; a differential count of the various types of WBC; and a determination of hemoglobin and hematocrit |
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Term
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Definition
| The time needed for a clot to form in a tube of freshly drawn blood under standrad conditions. The Lee-White method is the one most often used. |
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Term
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Definition
| Slang term for coagulation studies. |
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Term
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Definition
| A determination of the relative numbers of the six types of WBC normally found in the peripheral blood.When done visually, the technician observes 100 WBC in a stained smear and reports the number of each cell type found as a percent. The six types are segmented neutrophils (PMNs or segs), band neutrophils (bands, representing the immature form), eosinophils (eos), basophils (basos), lymphocytes (lymphs), and monocytes (monos). |
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Term
|
Definition
| Brief form for eosinophils |
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Term
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Definition
| Bleeding time test done by puncture of the earlobe |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Substances present in the blood that participate in the clotting process: Factor I fibrinogen Factor II prothrombin Factor III tissue thromboplastin Factor IV calcium Factor V labile factor (proaccelerin) Factor VI (term not currently in use) Factor VII stable factor (proconvertin) Factor VIII antihemophilic globulin (AHG) Factor IX Christmas factor Factor X Stuart-Prower factor Factor XI plasma thromboplastin antecedent Factor XII Hageman factor Factor XIII fibrin-stabalizing factor |
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Term
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Definition
| WBCs with conspicous cytoplasmic granules. Classified as eos, basos, or neutrophils basedo n staining colors. |
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Term
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Definition
| Slang for hemoglobin and hematocrit. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| % of a blood sample that consists of cells. Sample is spun in a centrifuge which quickly drives the cells to the bottom of the tube. The length of the column of cells is expressed as a percent of the total length of the specimen. |
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Term
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Definition
| A hematocrit value determined by using a blood sample drawn from a central line catheter |
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Term
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Definition
| The o2 carrying complex of iron and protein in RBCs. The hemoglobin level is reduced in anemia. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Normal fetal hemoglobin, found also in adults with certain forms of anemia and leukemia |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormal hemo found in the RBCs of people with sickle cell anemia |
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Term
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Definition
| WBCs, including neutrophils, eos, basos, lymphs, and monos |
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Term
| MCH (MEAN CORPUSCULAR HEMOGLOBIN) |
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Definition
| The average weight of hemoglobin per RBC, calculated from the hemoglobin level and the RBC count. |
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Term
| MCHC (MEAN CORPUSCULAR HEMOGLOBIN CONCENTRATION) |
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Definition
| The average concentration of hemoglobin in RBCs, calculated from the homoglobin level and hematocrit |
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Term
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Definition
| Microliters. Used in cell counts to avoid such abbreviations as mm3 or 103 because special characters and superscript numerals do not transmit well electronically. |
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Term
| MCV (MEAN CORPUSCULAR VOLUME) |
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Definition
| The average volume of a RBC, calculated from the hematocrit and the RBC count. |
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Term
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Definition
| A hematocrit measurement performed on a small specimen of blood obtained by finger stick and centrifuged in a capillary tube |
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Term
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Definition
| WBCs formed in bone marrow: neutrophils, basos, eos, and monos |
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Term
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Definition
| A mature neutrophil with a segmented or lobulated nucleus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormal oval shape of RBCs, seen in various congenital disorders of RBC formation, including elliptocytosis |
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Term
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Definition
| Noncellular formed elements in circulating blood, produced in bone marrow and active in blood coagulation |
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Term
|
Definition
| Abbr for Polymorphonuclear leukocytes |
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Term
|
Definition
| An abnormally wide variation in the shapes of RBCs as seen in a stained smear |
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Term
| POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES (PMNs, POLYS) |
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Definition
| WBCs with segmented or lobulated nuclei. Polys is an acceptable brief form. |
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Term
| PT, PRO TIME (PROTHROMBIN TIME) |
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Definition
| The time required for a clot to form in blood treated with certain reagents. The result may be reported as both a time (in seconds) and a percent of normal prothrombin activity as detected by the same test in a control. The PT is prolonged in deficiency of certain coagulation factors and after treatment with heparin or coumarin anticoagulants |
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Term
|
Definition
| Prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time |
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Term
| PTT (PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN TIME) |
|
Definition
| The time required for a clot to form in blood treated with certain reagents. Abnormal prolongation of this time occurs in deficiency of various coagulation factors and after treatment with heparin |
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Term
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Definition
| The most numerous cells of the blood, which carry oxygen from the lungs to the tissues, and carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs |
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Term
|
Definition
| The number of RBCs per cubic millimeter of blood, as counted by technician using a microscope or by an electronic cell counter. The count may be reported either as a simple numeral (e.g. 5,300,000/mcL) or as the product of a number less than 10 and 106 (e.g. 5.3 x 106). The count may be dictated simply as 5.3 so the transcriptionist should expand to 5,300,000 |
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Term
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Definition
| Immature RBCs, released from the bone marrow before disappearance of their nuclei. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Measures of volume and hemoglobin content of RBCs, derived by calculating from the hemoglobin, hematocrit, and RBC count. The red cell indices are the MCV, MCH, and MCHC. |
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Term
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Definition
| An immature RBC whose cytoplasm contains an irregular network of degenerating nuclear material. An increase in the number of reticulocytes indicates increased RBC production in response to blood loss or hemolysis |
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Term
|
Definition
| Acceptable brief form of segmented neutrophils |
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Term
|
Definition
| An increase in the relative number of immature neutrophils, as detected in a differential WBC. The various types of cells were formerly recorded on forms arranged in columns, the more immature neutrophils being recorded at the extreme left of the form. |
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Term
|
Definition
| An abnormal RBC found in persons with sickle cell anemia; the cell assumes a sickle or crescent shape at reduced o2 levels. |
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Term
|
Definition
| an abnormal sickle or crescent shape observed in RBCs on a blood smear |
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Term
|
Definition
| Abnormal spherical shape of RBCs as noted in a stained smear of whole blood on microscopic examination |
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Term
|
Definition
| Another name for bands (immature neutrophils) |
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Term
|
Definition
| An abnormal RBC with a bull's eye appearance due to flattening of the cell with a prominent spot of hemoglobin in the center. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The level of fat in the serum, usually measured in the fasting state |
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