Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Medical Transcription F&P
Chapter 17: Radiology
144
Medical
Professional
07/13/2009
Click here to study/print these flashcards.

Create your own flash cards! Sign up here.

Additional Medical Flashcards

 

 

Cards

Term
ANKLE MORTISE
 Definition
The normal articulation between the talus and the distal tibia and fibula.
Term
COLLATERAL VESSELS
 Definition
Vascular channels newly formed from existing ones to maintain the circulation of a tissue or organ whose normal blood supply has been impaired by disease or injury.
Term
COLLECTING SYSTEM
 Definition
The nonexcretory portions of the kidney, which collect newly formed urine and conduct it to the ureter; the minor and major calices and the renal pelvis.
Term
DEGLUTITION MECHANISM
 Definition
The coordinated sequence of muscular contractions in the mouth, pharynx, and esophagus involved in normal swallowing, as demonstrated in a barium swallow or upper GI series (UGI).
Term
DUODENAL BULB
 Definition
Onion-shaped dilatation of the duodenum immediately below its origin at the pylorus.
Term
DUODENAL C-LOOP
 Definition
C-shaped loop formed by the duodenum as it courses around the head of the pancreas.
Term
DUODENAL SWEEP
 Definition
The normal course of the duodenum, from the pylorus and around the head of the pancreas to the ligament of Treitz, as visualized with contrast medium in an UGI.
Term
GREAT VESSELS
 Definition
The major vascular trunks entering and leaving the heart: the superior and inferior vena cavae, the pulmonary arteries and veins, and the aorta.
Term
ORIGIN OF A VESSEL
 Definition
The commencement of a vessel as it branches off from a larger vessel.
Term
PERISTALTIC WAVE
 Definition
A wave of muscular contractions passing along a tubular organ, such as the intestine, by which its contents are advanced.
Term
POLE OF KIDNEY
 Definition
The upper and lower extremity of a kidney.
Term
POSTERIOR SULCUS
 Definition
The groove formed by the intersection of the diaphragm and the posterior thoracic wall, as seen in a lateral chest x-ray.
Term
PULMONARY VASCULAR MARKINGS
 Definition
As seen on chest x-ray, the normal radiographic appearance of the branches of the pulmonary arteries and veins about the hila of the lungs.
Term
SUBCUTANEOUS FAT LINE
 Definition
The radiographic appearance of the subcutaneous fat layer.
Term
TAIL OF BREAST
 Definition
A wedge-shaped mass of normal breast tissue extending toward the axilla.
Term
TAKEOFF OF A VESSEL
 Definition
The origin of a branch from a larger vessel, as demonstrated radiographically with injected contrast medium.
Term
TIBIAL PLATEAU
 Definition
The flattened surface at the upper end of the anterior aspect of the tibia.
Term
ACOUSTICAL SHADOWING
 Definition
The inability of ultrasound to reach and delineate structures located in the "shadow" of an organ or tissue that reflects a large amount of ultrasound.
Term
AIR-FLUID LEVEL
 Definition
A line representing the level of a collection of fluid seen in a profile, with air or gas above it.
Term
AIR-SPACE DISEASE
 Definition
As seen on chest x-ray, disease or abnormality of lung tissue that encroaches on space normally filled by air.
Term
BLOOD POOL
 Definition
The circulating blood, into which radionuclides are injected for various types of circulatory scans.
Term
BLUNTED COSTOPHRENIC ANGLE
 Definition
On chest x-ray, a costophrenic angle that is flattened or distorted by scarring or pleural fluid.
Term
BONY ISLAND
 Definition
Benign development abnormality consisting of a localized zone of increased density in a long bone.
Term
BOWEL GAS PATTERN
 Definition
On abdominal film, the normal radiographic appearance of gas in the intestine.
Term
BRIDGING OSTEOPHYTES
 Definition
Osteophytes on adjacent vertebrae that meet and fuse, forming a "bridge" across joint space.
Term
CONSOLIDATIVE PROCESS
 Definition
An abnormal process that increases the density of a tissue or region.
Term
CONTIGUOUS IMAGES
 Definition
A series of scans without intervals of unexamined tissue between them.
Term
CORRELATE RADIOGRAPHIC FINDINGS CLINICALLY
 Definition
Interpret x-ray appearance in light of the patient's medical history and objective findings on physical examination and laboratory testing.
Term
CUT
 Definition
A CT section or image; a scan.
Term
DEMINERALIZATION
 Definition
Reduction in the amount of calcium present in bone, due to disease or immobility.
Term
ECHO CHARACTERISTICS
 Definition
The frequency, intensity, and distribution of echoes produced by a structure or region on ultrasound examination.
Term
ECHO PATTERN
 Definition
The ultrasonographic appearance of a structure as seen on a visual display.
Term
EFFACEMENT
 Definition
Abnormal flattening of the contour of a structure.
Term
ESOPHAGEAL DYSMOTILITY
 Definition
Seen on UGI; abnormality in the strength or coordination of peristaltic movements in the esophagus.
Term
EXTRAVASATION OF CONTRAST
 Definition
Leakage of contrast medium from the structure into which it is injected through a perforation or other abnormal orifice.
Term
FILLING DEFECT
 Definition
A zone within a tubular structure that is not filled by injected contrast medium (usually a tumor or abnormal mass).
Term
FREE AIR
 Definition
Air or gas in a body cavity where it does not belong, usually after escape from the GI tract.
Term
GADOLINIUM
 Definition
A nonreactive metallic element that acts as a contrast agent in MRI studies by enhancing the signal of areas of tissues in which it is present. After IV injection it can show narrowed areas or malformations in blood vessels, vascular tumors, and areas of hemorrhage. It can also be used to delineate joint space in arthrography.
Term
GAS DENSITY LINE
 Definition
A linear band of maximal radiolucency, representing or appearing to represent a narrow zone of air or gas.
Term
GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX
 Definition
Abnormal backflow of material from the stomach into the lower esophagus.
Term
GATED VIEW
 Definition
An image obtained by a technique synchronized with motions of the heart to eliminate blurring.
Term
HIGH FIELD STRENGTH SCANNER
 Definition
An MRI device using a static magnetic field of maximal intensity.
Term
HYPOAERATION
 Definition
Abnormal reduction in the amount of air in lung tissue.
Term
HYPOKINESIS
 Definition
Abnormal reduction of mobility or motility; reduced contractile movement in one or both cardiac ventricles.
Term
ILEUS
 Definition
Small bowel obstruction due to failure of peristalsis.
Term
IMPINGEMENT
 Definition
Contact or pressure, generally abnormal, between two structures.
Term
INTERNAL FIXATION DEVICE
 Definition
Any appliance placed surgically in or on a bone to stabilize a fracture during healing.
Term
INTERSTITIAL MARKINGS
 Definition
The radiographic appearance of lung tissue, as opposed to the appearance of air contained in the lung.
Term
INTERVAL CHANGE
 Definition
Change in the radiographic appearance of a structure or lesion in the interval between two examinations.
Term
LABEL
 Definition
To render a substance radioactive by incorporating a radionuclide in it; also, to cause tissue or organ to take up radioactive material.
Term
LOCULATED EFFUSION
 Definition
A collection of fluid in a body cavity whose distribution is limited by adjacent normal or abnormal structures.
Term
LUCENT DEFECT
 Definition
An abnormal zone of decreased resistance to x-rays.
Term
LYTIC (OSTEOLYTIC) LESION
 Definition
A disease or abnormality resulting from or consisting of focal breakdown of bone, with reduction in density.
Term
MASS EFFECT
 Definition
The radiographic appearance created by an abnormal mass in or adjacent to the area of study.
Term
MASS LESION
 Definition
Anything that occupies space within the body the body and is not normal tissue.
Term
MIDLINE SHIFT
 Definition
Displacement of a structure that is normally seen at or near the midline of the body, such as the pineal gland or the trachea.
Term
OPACIFICATION
 Definition
An increase in the density of a tissue or region, with increased resistance to x-rays.
Term
ORIGIN OF A VESSEL
 Definition
The commencement of a vessel as it branches off from a larger vessel.
Term
ORTHOPEDIC HARDWARE
 Definition
Wires, pins, screws, plates, and other devices of metal or other material that are implanted in or attached to bone in the course of a surgical procedure.
Term
PARTIAL SATURATION TECHNIQUE
 Definition
A magnetic resonance technique in which single excitation pulses are delivered to tissue at intervals equal to or shorter than T1.
Term
PERIBRONCHIAL CUFFING
 Definition
Thickening of the bronchial walls by edema or fibrosis, as seen in asthma, emphysema, cardiac failure, and other acute and chronic respiratory and circulatory disorders.
Term
PERISTALTIC WAVE
 Definition
A wave of muscular contractions passing along a tubular organ (such as the intestine), by which it's contents are advanced
Term
PLEURAL EFFUSION
 Definition
An abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity.
Term
PROBE
 Definition
Ultrasound transducer.
Term
PULMONARY VASCULAR REDISTRIBUTION
 Definition
Increased prominence of upper pulmonary vessels and reduced prominence of lower pulmonary vessels at the lung hila in the left ventricular failure and other disturbances of circulatory dynamics.
Term
RADIOLUCENT
 Definition
Offering relatively little resistance to x-rays.
Term
RADIONUCLIDE
 Definition
Radioactive isotope; a species of atom that spontaneously emits radioactivity.
Term
RADIOPAQUE
 Definition
Resisting penetration by x-rays.
Term
RECONSTITUTION
 Definition
Maintenance of flow in an artery beyond an area of narrowing or obstruction by establishment of collateral circulation.
Term
RUNOFF
 Definition
The flow of blood and contrast medium through the branches of an artery into which the medium has been injected.
Term
SACRALIZATION
 Definition
Abnormal bony fusion between the fifth lumbar vertebra and the sacrum.
Term
SENSITIZE
 Definition
To introduce radioactive material into a fluid, tissues, or space for purposes of performing a radioactive scan; essentially the same as label.
Term
SERIAL SCANS
 Definition
A series of scans made at regular intervals along one dimension of a body region.
Term
SIGNAL INTENSITY
 Definition
The strength of the signal or stream of radiofrequency energy emitted by tissue after an excitation pulse.
Term
SMALL BOWEL TRANSIT TIME
 Definition
The time required for swallowed contrast medium to pass through the small bowel and appear in the colon.
Term
SONOLUCENT
 Definition
Offering relatively little resistance to ultrasound waves (as air or fluid) and hence generating few or no echos.
Term
SPURRING
 Definition
Formation of one or more jagged osteophytes, as in osteoarthritis.
Term
STACKED SCANS
 Definition
Contiguous images.
Term
STRANDY INFILTRATE
 Definition
A pulmonic infiltrate that appears as strands or streaks of increased density.
Term
SUBCUTANEOUS EMPHYSEMA
 Definition
Air or gas in subcutaneous tissue.
Term
SUBOPTIMAL
 Definition
Not as good as might have been expected; usually referring to technical factors in an x-ray study, such as positioning, film quality, and patient cooperation.
Term
SURFACE COIL
 Definition
In MRI, a simple flat coil placed on the surface of the body and used as a receiver.
Term
TAG
 Definition
Same as label.
Term
TE (ECHO TIME)
 Definition
The interval between the first pulse in a spin echo examination and the appearance of the resulting echo.
Term
TECHNETIUM (Tc 99m)
 Definition
A synthetic radioisotope with wide applications in nuclear imaging. At times it can outline structures more precisely than possible with conventional radiology or ultrasound.
Term
TENTING OF HEMIDIAPHRAGM
 Definition
On chest x-ray, a distortion of the diaphragm by scarring, in which an up-pointing angular configuration (like a tent) replaces all or part of the normal curved contour of a hemidiaphragm.
Term
TERTIARY CONTRACTIONS
 Definition
Aberrant contractions of the esophagus, occurring after the primary and secondary waves of normal swallowing.
Term
T1
 Definition
On MRI, the time it takes for protons to return to their orientation to a static magnetic field after an excitation pulse.
Term
TR (REPETITION TIME)
 Definition
On MRI, the interval between one spin echo pulse sequence and the next.
Term
T2
 Definition
On MRI, the time it takes for protons to go out of phase after having been shifted in their orientation by an excitation pulse.
Term
UPTAKE
 Definition
Absorption of concentration of a radionuclide by an organ or tissue.
Term
VENTRICULAR EJECTION FRACTION
 Definition
That portion of the total volume of a ventricle that is ejected during ventricular contraction (systole); usually expressed as a percent rather than a fraction.
Term
VOLVULUS
 Definition
Intestinal obstruction due to twisting or obstruction of the bowel.
Term
WASHOUT PHASE
 Definition
Scintiscanning of the lungs at the conclusion of the inhalation phase of a lung scan, after an interval during which inhaled radionuclide would be expected to have been inhaled.
Term
X-RAY (LAY)
 Definition
Radiograph, roentgenogram, roentgenograph.
Term
FLUOROSCOPY
 Definition
Continuous stream of x-rays passing through a part of the body is made to create an image on a sensitive screen.
Term
CONTRAST MEDIA
 Definition
Solutions of metallic salts or iodides that are opaque to x-rays.
Term
SOFT TISSUE SCATTER
 Definition
The deflection of x-rays from their straight course as they pass through tissue.
Term
BUCKY GRID
 Definition
A grid placed between the subject and the film that consists of very thin metal strips arranged in parallel with very narrow spaces between them. This grid also straight rays through but blocks scattered rays resulting in increased clarity.
Term
TOMOGRAPHY
 Definition
A technique for focusing on a particular site or level within the subject. The subject remains stationary while the x-ray source and the filmholder rotate in an arc around the subject in opposing directions during film exposure.
Term
ANGIOGRAPHY (ARTERIOGRAPHY)
 Definition
The radiographic study of arteries into which radiopaque medium has been injected. Still or motion pictures may be used.
Term
BARIUM ENEMA (BE)
 Definition
The standard radiographic examination of the large intestine by introduction of barium solution into the rectum.
Term
CHEST X-RAY (CXR)
 Definition
The standard posteroanterior (PA) chest film is the most frequently performed.
Term
CINE (FOR CINEMATOGRAPH) VIEW
 Definition
A moving picture of the cardiac cycle, constructed from individual frames, each of which is a composite image of one point in the cardiac cycle obtained by cardiac gating.
Term
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT) SCAN (CAT SCAN)
 Definition
A type of computer technology to diagnostic radiology where x-rays are detected and recorded by a scintillation counter.
Term
CONED-DOWN VIEW
 Definition
A study limited to a small area by the use of a cone that narrows and "focuses" the x-ray beam
Term
DOUBLE-CONTRAST TECHNIQUE
 Definition
A modification of the BE procedure. After a BE has been completed, the patient expels most of the barium and then the colon is inflated with air. The remaining barium sticking to the surface may outline masses or defects not seen.
Term
FIRST-PASS VIEW
 Definition
An image or set of images obtained immediately after injection of radionuclide into the circulation, when it's concentration in the blood pool is at its highest.
Term
FROGLEG VIEW
 Definition
An x-ray of one or both hips joints for which the patient lies supine with thighs maximally abducted and externally rotated and knees flexed so as to bring the soles of the feet together.
Term
FULL-BLADDER TECHNIQUE
 Definition
An ultrasonographic exam of the pelvic region preformed while the subjects bladder is distended with urine.
Term
FULL-COLUMN BE
 Definition
BE exam in which the contrast medium is injected into the colon under full pressure, by elevation of the barium reservoir to the max safe height.
Term
INTRAVENOUS PYELOGRAM (IVP)
 Definition
Delineation of the urinary tract by means of a contrast agent injected intravenously and then excreted by the kidneys. AKA intravenous urogram (IVU) and excretory urogram (XU).
Term
KUB FILM
 Definition
A plain film often done to screen for a stone in the urinary tract.
Term
LOW-DOSE SCREEN FILM TECHNIQUE
 Definition
A radiographic technique used in mammography to provide adequate imaging with less radiation than is used in conventional techniques.
Term
SPIN
 Definition
The degree to which a charged atom will respond to magnetic attraction.
Term
EXCITATION PULSE
 Definition
A pulse of radio waves used to create for a brief period of time a second magnetic field at a right angle to the static field.
Term
T1
 Definition
The time it takes for protons to return to their former orientation after an excitation pulse.
Term
T2
 Definition
The time it takes protons to go out of phase.
Term
SPIN ECHO TECHNIQUE
 Definition
After the initial excitation pulse a second, stronger pulse is given.
Term
ECHO SIGNAL
 Definition
A signal from the second pulse that allows T2 to be determined.
Term
ECHO TIME (TE)
 Definition
The time that elapses between the first pulse and the second.
Term
REPETITION TIME (TR)
 Definition
The interval between one pulse sequence (T1, T2, TE) and the next. A short TR is known as a T1-weighted image and a long TR is called a T2-weighted image.
Term
MAMMOGRAPHY
 Definition
Radiologic evaluation of the female breast, primarily to search for or evaluate abnormal masses that may be malignant.
Term
MULTI-ECHO IMAGES
 Definition
On MRI, a series of spin-echo images obtained with various pulse sequences.
Term
MULTIPLE-GATED ACQUISITION
 Definition
A study of cardiac shape and dynamics in which a radionuclide is introduced into the circulation. Radioactive emissions from the heart are electronically monitored, stored, and analyzed resulting in a composite scan consisting of a series of successive images all taken at the same point in the cardiac cycle.
Term
OPEN-MOUTH ODONTOID VIEW
 Definition
A view of the odontoid process of the second cervical vertebra, for which the x-ray beam is aimed through the patient's open mouth.
Term
PLAIN FILM
 Definition
A radiographic study performed without contrast medium.
Term
PORTABLE FILM
 Definition
An x-ray picture taken with movable equipment at the bedside or in the emergency department or operating room when it is not feasible to move the patient to the radiology department.
Term
POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET)
 Definition
A diagnostic imaging procedure that uses positron-emitting radioisotopes to assess the metabolic activity and physiologic function of organs and tissues rather than their anatomic structure.
Term
RADIONUCLIDE SCANS
 Definition
The essence of any radioactive scan procedure is the introduction into the body of a radioactive substance whose distribution in tissues, vessels, or cavities can be detected and recorded by a device that sense radiation.
Term
REAL-TIME EXAMINATION
 Definition
Ultrasonographic exam performed by sweeping the ultrasound beam through the scan plane at a rapid rate, generating up to 30 images per second.
Term
RECONSTRUCTION STUDY
 Definition
Generation of an image by computer processing of scan data.
Term
RESOLUTION
 Definition
The ability of an optical, radiographic, or other image-forming device to distinguish or separate two closely adjacent points in the subject.
Term
SINGLE-PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (SPECT)
 Definition
A form of nuclear imaging using computer software to generate two- and three-dimensional images
Term
SPIN-ECHO IMAGE
 Definition
An MRI obtained by spin-echo technique. With this technique, T2 is determined indirectly, as a function of TE.
Term
STRESS CYSTOGRAM
 Definition
A radiographic study of the bladder intended to demonstrate stress incontinence. Contrast medium is instilled into the bladder and films are taken while the subject coughs and bears down.
Term
SUNRISE VIEW OF THE PATELLA
 Definition
X-ray study of the knee region in which the patella is visualized above the distal femur and appears like a rising or setting sun.
Term
SWIMMER'S VIEW
 Definition
An oblique view of the thoracic spine in which the arm nearer to the x-ray source hangs at the patients side and the opposed are is raised.
Term
T1-WEIGHTED IMAGE
 Definition
On MRI, a spin-echo image generated by pulse sequence using a short TR (0.6 seconds or less).
Term
T2-WEIGHTED IMAGE
 Definition
On MRI, a spin-echo image generated by a pulse sequence using a long TR (2.0 seconds or more).
Term
ULTRASONOGRAPHY (US)
 Definition
A means of visualizing internal structures by observing the effects they have on a beam of sound waves.
Term
UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL (GI) SERIES
 Definition
Barium sulfate is given orally to outline the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum on x-ray film.
Term
UPPER GI (UGI) SERIES AND SMALL-BOWEL FOLLOW THROUGH
 Definition
An upper GI series is done, and x-ray films are taken over a period of time to visualize the barium as it moves through the small bowel.
Term
WORKING ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY FILM
 Definition
A radiographic study done during the course of an operation; for example, to monitor the reduction of a fracture of the placement of a fixation device.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!