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| process of producing a picture or record |
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| formative material of cells |
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B lymphocytes
specialized lymphocytes that produce antibodies |
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| self-care procedure for early detection of breast cancer |
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| group of proteins such as interferons and interleukins released primarily by the T cells. Act as intracellular signals to begin the immune process |
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enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
blood test used to screen for the presence of HIV antibodies |
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| produced in response to the presence of antigens, particularly viruses or tumor cells. |
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| opportunistic infection frequently associated with HIV |
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| develop from Bcells and secrete a large volume of antibodies coded to destroy specific antigens |
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| Professional palpation of the breast |
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| performed to feel texture, size and consistency of the breast |
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| cancer cells are found only in one location, such as ductal carcinoma in situ |
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| cancer cells have moved beyond the duct but have not yet reached the lymph nodes |
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| Cancer has increased in size and/or has reached the axillary lymph nodes |
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| Cancer has spread to the cervical lymph nodes and/or the tissues surrounding the breast, such as the chest wall or skin |
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| Cancer has spread to other organs, most commonly the brain, lungs, liver or bones |
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T lymphocytes
originate in Thymus, play a central role in cell-mediated immunity |
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| blood test that produces more accurate results than the ELISA test |
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| covers the skin making it an inhospitable environment for most bacteria |
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| obtained by having had a contagious disease |
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| acquired immunodeficiency syndrome |
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AIDS
most advanced and fatal stage of an HIV infection |
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| any one of a large group of carcinomas derived from glandular tissue |
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nasopharyngeal tonsils
located in the nasopharynx, upper part of pharynx |
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| agent intended to increase the effectiveness of a drug |
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| substance that produces an allergic reaction in an individual |
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| substances that produce allergic reactions |
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| occurs when the body's immune system reacts to a harmless allergen such as pollen, food or animal dander as if it were a dangerous invader |
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| specializes in diagnosing and treating conditions of altered immunologic reactivity |
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hypersensitivity
overreaction by the body to a particular antigen |
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| process through which a tumor supports its growth by creating its own blood supply |
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| contagious disease that can be transmitted through livestock infected with bacillus anthracis |
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| form of treatment that disrupts the blood supply to the tumor |
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| antibiotic-resistant bacteria |
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Definition
| occur when antibiotics fail to kill all of the bacteria they target. Surviving bacteria become resistant to this particular drug. |
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| medications capable of inhibiting growth or killing pathogenic bacterial microorganisms |
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| disease-fighting protein created by the immune system in response to the presence of a specific antigen |
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| agent that destroys or inhibits the growth of fungi |
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| any substance that the body regards as being foreign |
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| antigen-antibody reaction |
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| medications administered to relieve or prevent the symptoms of hay fever |
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| medication that blocks the development, growth or proliferation of malignant cells |
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| used to treat viral infections or to provide temporary immunity |
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autoimmune disease
any of a large group of diseases characterized by a condition in which the immune system produces antibodies against its own tissues, mistaking healthy cells, tissues or organs for antigens |
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| located under the arms in the area known as the armpits |
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| rod-shaped spore-forming bacteria |
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| one-celled microscopic organisms |
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| substance that causes death of bacteria |
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| slows or stops the growth of bacteria |
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| bioimpedance spectroscopy |
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Definition
| noninvasive method of diagnosing lymphedema |
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| use of radioactive materials in contact with or implanted into the tissues to be treated |
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| carcinoma that develops from the cells of the breast and can spread to adjacent lymph nodes and other body sites |
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Definition
| class of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled division of cells and the ability of these cells to invade other tissues |
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| malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue |
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| malignant tumor in its original position that has not yet disturbed or invaded the surrounding tissues |
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| located along the sides of the neck |
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| natural use of natural or symthetic substances such as drugs or vitamins to reduce the risk of developing cancer |
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| use of chemical agents and drugs in combination selected to destroy malignant cell and tissues |
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| involve testing new and promising cancer treatments that have not yet received FDA approval on patients who agree to be part of the research |
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| exact replica of a group of bacteria |
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| group of proteins that normally circulate in the blood in an inactive form |
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| weakened or not functioning properly |
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| hormone-like preparation administered prmarily as an anti-inflammatory and as an immunosuppressant |
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| affects the intestines, ileum, or the colon |
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CMV found in most body fluids
silent infection |
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| medication that kills or damages cells |
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| also used for both immunosuppression and chemotherapy |
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| weakened by another condition |
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| delayed breast reconstruction |
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| may be necessary if the surgery is to be followed by radiation treatment |
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| leukocytes that patrol the body searching for antigens that produce infections |
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| to be modified to perform specific function |
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| uses acids and enzymes produced by the stomach to destroy invaders that are swallowed or consumed with food |
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| breast cancer at its earliest stage before the cancer has broken through the wall of the milk duct |
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| simple parasitic organism |
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| affects the thyroid gland |
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osteosarcoma
hard-tissue sarcoma that usually involves the upper shaft of the long bones |
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| destroys worn-out erythrocytes and releases hemoglobin for reuse |
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| substance produced by the body that causes itching, sneezing, runny nose and watery eyes of an allergic reaction |
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hodgkin's disease
presence of large, cancerous lymphocytes (Reed-Sternberg cells) |
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| human immunodeficiency virus |
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Definition
HIV
bloodborne infection in which the virus damages or kills the T cells of immune system, causing it to progressively fail, leaving the body at risk of developing many life-threatening opportunistic infections |
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| immediate breast reconstruction |
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Definition
| begins during same surgery as mastectomy |
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| state of being resistant to a specific disease |
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| immunodeficiency disorder |
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Definition
| occurs when the immune response is compromised. |
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Definition
produced predominantly against ingested antigens
found in body secretions such as saliva, sweat or tears
functions to prevent the attachment of viruses and bacteria to the epithelial surfaces that line most organs |
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Definition
found only on the surface of B cells
important in B cell activation |
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Definition
produced in lungs, skin and mucous membranes
responsible for allergic reactions |
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Definition
most abundant
found in blood serum and lymph
active against bacteria, fungi, viruses and foreign particles |
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Definition
found in circulating body fluids
first antibodies to appear in response to an initial exposure to an antigen |
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Definition
| bind with specific antigens in the antigen-antibody response. Five primary types secreted by plasma cells also known as antibodies |
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| specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the immune system |
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| substance that prevents sor reduces the body's normal immune response |
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Definition
| treatment to repress or interfere with the ability of the immune system to respond to stimulation by antigens |
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biological therapy
disease treatment that involves either stimulating or repressing the immune response |
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Definition
mono
caused by by Epstein-Barr virus |
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Term
| infiltrating ductal carcinoma |
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Definition
invasive ductal carcinoma starts in the milk duct, breaks through the wall of that duct and invades the fatty breast tissue
counts for the majority of all breast cancers |
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Term
| infiltrating lobular carcinoma |
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Definition
invasive lobular carcinoma
cancer that starts in the milk glands, breaks through the wall of the gland and invades the fatty tissue of the breast |
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| inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) |
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Definition
| rare, but aggressive form of breast cancer |
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Definition
flu
highly contagious viral respiratory infection that usually occurs in seasonal epidemics |
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Definition
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Definition
| located in the inguinal area of the lower abdomen |
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| slow the growth or development |
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Definition
| no cuts, scrapes, open sores or breaks in the skin |
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Definition
| wraps the body in a physical barrier to prevent invading organisms from entering the body |
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Definition
| play multiple roles in the immune system, including directing B and T cells to divice and proliferate |
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Definition
intercellular or tissue fluid
plasma from arterial blood that flows out of the arterioles and into the capillaries, then flows into the spaces between the cells of the tissues |
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Definition
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| located at the base of the tongue; not readily visible |
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leukemia
arises from blood and lymph |
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Term
| localized allergic response |
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Definition
cellular response
redness, itching and burning where the skin has come into contact with an allergen |
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Definition
| surgical removal of only the cancerous tissue with the surrounding margin of normal tissue |
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Definition
| caused by a spirochete belonging to the genus Borrelia |
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Definition
| spread to humans by the bite of an infected blacklegged tick |
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Definition
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Definition
| contains specialized lymphocytes that are capable of destroying pathogens. |
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Definition
| surgical procedure in which all of the lymph nodes in a major group are removed to determine or slow the spread of cancer in this area |
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Definition
| fluid that removes cellular waste products, pathogens and dead blood cells from tissues |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| bean-shaped structues of the lymphatic system where pathogens and other harmful substances are filtered from the lymph by specialized cells of the immune system |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
swollen glands
inflammation of the lymph nodes |
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Definition
| disease process affecting a lymph node |
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Definition
| capillaries, vessels and ducts that return lymph from the tissues to the venous bloodstream |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| benign tumor formed by an abnormal collection of lymphatic vessels due to a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system |
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Definition
| microscopic, blind-ended tubes located near the surface of the body with capillary walls that are only one cell in thickness |
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Term
| lymphatic circulatory system |
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Definition
secondary circulatory system
depends on pumping motion of muscles to move the fluid upward |
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Term
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Definition
| specialized leukocytes working together in specific ways to attack and destroy pathogens that have succeeded in entering the body |
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Term
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Definition
| located deeper within the tissues, contains valves like veins do. |
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Term
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Definition
| swelling of tissues due to an abnormal accumulation of lymph fluid within the tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| specialized leukocytes that play important roles in the immune reactions |
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Term
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Definition
lymphoid cells
leukocytes that are formed in bone marrow as stem cells |
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Term
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Definition
| specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the lymphatic system |
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Term
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Definition
| general term applied to malignancies affecting lymphoid tissues |
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Definition
| diagnostic test performed to detect damage or malformations of the lymphatic vessels |
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Definition
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Definition
| leukocyte that surrounds and kill sinvading cells |
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Definition
| caused by parasite that lives in certain mosquitoes and transferred to humans by the bite of an infected mosquitoes |
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Term
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Definition
| can occur in the small amount of breast tissue that is normally present in men |
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Definition
| potentially life-threatening cancer cells |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| radiographic examination of the breasts to detect the presence of tumors or precancerous cells |
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Definition
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Definition
| surgical removal of the entire breast and nipple |
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Definition
| process of becoming mature |
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Term
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Definition
| acute, highly contagious infection transmitted by respiratory droplets |
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Term
| measles, mumps and rubella vaccination |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| new cancer site that results from the spreading process |
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Term
|
Definition
| process by which cancer spreads from one place to another |
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Term
| methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus |
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Definition
| MRSA, one of several types of bacteria that are now resistant to most antiiotics |
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Term
| modified radical mastectomy |
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Definition
| surgical removal of the entire breast and all of the axillary lymph nodes under the adjacent arm |
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Term
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Definition
| pertains to a single clone of cells |
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Term
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Definition
| any of a class of antibodies produced in the laboratory by identical offspring of a clone of specific cells |
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Term
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Definition
| leukocytes that provide immunological defenses against many infectious organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| affects the brain and spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| acute viral infection that is characterized by the swelling of the parotid glands |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| affects nerves and muscle synapses |
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Term
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Definition
produces lymphocytes, which are specialized leukocytes (white blood cells)
myel/o also means spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| benign tumor made up of muscle tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| malignant tumor derived from muscle tissue |
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Term
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Definition
passive immunity
resistance to a disease present without the administration of an antigen or exposure to a disease
present at birth or passed from mother to child through breast milk |
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Term
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Definition
NK cells
play important role in the killing of cancer cells and cells infected by viruses |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| technique in which an x-ray guided needle is used to remove small samples of tissue from the breast |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| term used to describe all other lymphomas other than hodgkin's |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| specializing in the diagnosing and treatment of malignant disorders such as tumors and cancer |
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Term
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Definition
| caused by pathogen that does not normally produce an illness in healthy humans |
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Term
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Definition
| yeast infection that occurs in the mouth |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| describes the hard and soft palates that form the roof of the mouth |
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Term
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Definition
| located on the left and right sides of the throat in the area that is visible in the back of the mouth. |
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Term
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Definition
| plant or animal that lives on or within another living organism at the expense of that organism |
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Term
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Definition
| disease-producing microorganisms |
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Term
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Definition
| affects the red blood cells |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| specialized leukocytes that act as part of the antigen-antibody reaction by destroying substances such as cell debris, dust, pollen and pathogens by the process of phagocytosis |
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Term
|
Definition
process of destroying pathogens by surrounding and swallowing them
Monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells and mast cells |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| patient has already been exposed to the virus |
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Term
|
Definition
| hereditary condition of the lymphatic system that develops with swelling beginning in the feet and progressing into the ankles and in an upward direction along th elegs |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| acute viral infection transmitted to humans through bite or saliva of an infected animal |
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Term
|
Definition
| used in treatment of some cancers |
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Term
|
Definition
| surgical removal of an entire breast and many of the surrounding tissues |
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Term
|
Definition
decrease or stop a normal response
(also known as allergy densensitization) |
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Term
|
Definition
| traps breathed-in-foreign matter with nose haris and the moist mucous membrane lining of the respiratory system |
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Term
|
Definition
| affects joints and connective tissue |
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Term
|
Definition
small bacterium that lives in lice, fleas, ticks and mites
causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever |
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Term
|
Definition
collects lymph from the right side of the head and neck, upper right quadrant of the body and the right arm
empties into the subclavian vein |
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Term
|
Definition
german measles - 3 day measles
viral infection |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| malignant tumor that arises from connective tissues |
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Term
|
Definition
| affects the skin and connective tissues |
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Term
|
Definition
| diagnostic test to identify commonly troublesome allergens such as tree pollen and ragweed |
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Term
|
Definition
| caused by damage to lymphatic vessels that is most frequently due to cancer treatment, surgery, trauma or burns |
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Term
|
Definition
| biopsy of the first lymph node to come into contact with cancer cells as they leave the organ of origination and start spreading into the rest of the body |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| serious condition that occurs when an overwhelming bacterial infection affects the body |
|
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Term
|
Definition
synovial sarcoma
tumor of the tissues surrounding a synovial joint |
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Term
|
Definition
| long, slender spiral shaped bacteria that have flexible walls and are capable of movement |
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Term
|
Definition
sac-like mass of lymphoid tissue located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen, just inferior to the diaphragm and posterior to the stomach
stores extra erythrocytes
hemolytic function |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| abnormal enlargement of the spleen |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| process of classifying tumors by how far the disease has progressed, the potential for its responding to therapy and the patient's prognosis. |
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Term
|
Definition
| clusters or bunches of grapes |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| group of about 30 species of bacteria that form irregular groups or clusters resembling grapes |
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Term
|
Definition
staph aureus
form of staphylococci that often infects wounds and causes serious problems such as toxic shock syndrome or food poisoning |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| bacteria that form a chain |
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Term
|
Definition
| removal of a small piece of tissue for examination to confirm a diagnosis |
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Term
| synthetic immunoglobulins |
|
Definition
immune serum
used as postexposure preventive measure against certain viruses, including rabies and some types of hepatitis |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| used in treatment of multiple sclerosis, hepatitis C and some cancers |
|
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Term
|
Definition
anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock
severe response to an allergen |
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Term
|
Definition
| developing form of anti-cancer drug therapy that uses drugs or other substances to identify and attack specific cancer cells without harming normal cells |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| radiation therapy administered at a distance from the body |
|
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Term
|
Definition
largest lymphatic vessel in the body, collects lymph from the left side of the head and neck, the upper left quadrant of the trunk, the left arm and the entire lower portion of the trunk and both legs.
empties into the left subclavian vein |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| gland located in the upper chest with specialized roles in both the lymphatic and immune systems |
|
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Term
|
Definition
mass of lymphoid tissue located above the heart, reaches its greatest size at puberty and becomes smaller with age
secretes hormone that stimulates the maturation of lymphocytes into T cells |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| athlete's foot, fungal infection that develops between the toes |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| acquired unresponsisveness to a specific antigen |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| lymphoid structures of the lymphatic system that protects the entry to the respiratory system |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| three masses of lymphoid tissue that form a protective ring around the back of the nose and upper throat. |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
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Definition
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| poisonous or harmful substances |
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Definition
| another parasite that most commonly transmitted from pets to human by contact with contaminated animal feces |
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neoplasm
abnormal growth of body tissue |
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| initial follow-up test when an abnormality is found by mammography |
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Definition
provides protection against the disease
for some conditions a periodic booster is required |
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Definition
preparation containing an antigen
consists of whole or partial disease-causing organisms that have been killed or weakened |
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chicken pox
caused by herpes virus |
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appendix
hangs from the lower portion of the cecum |
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Definition
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| very small infectious agents that live only by invading other cells |
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| spread to humans by the bite of an infected mosquito |
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