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| cell has 23 pairs of chromosomes |
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| refers to the constant internal environment that is naturally maintained by the body |
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| upward, excessive or again |
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| development or formation of tissue |
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| lack of development of an organ or tissue |
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| any abnormal development of tissues, recognized by cells that differ in size, shape, and appearance |
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| underdevelopment of an organ or a tissue, less severe than aplasia |
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| an abnormal increase in the number of normal cells in tissue |
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| an increase in the size of an organ caused by an increase of the size of existing cells rather than the number of cells |
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| characteristic of malignant tumors, refers to a change in the structure and orientation of cells, characterized by a loss of differentiation and reversal to a more primitive form |
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| the position of a person while standing erect with the arms at the sides and the palms forward |
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| anterior, nearer or toward the front |
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| posterior, nearer or toward the back, situated behind |
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| dorsal, directed toward or situated on the back side |
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| medial, median, middle or nearer the middle |
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| lateral, toward the side, denoting a position farther from the midline of the body or from a structure |
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| superior, uppermost or above |
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| inferior, lowermost or below |
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| proximal, nearer the origin or point of attachment |
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| distal, far or distant from the origin or point of attachment |
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| cephalad, toward the head |
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| caudad, toward the tail or in an inferior direction |
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| divides the body into front and back portions |
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| divides the body into upper and lower portions |
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| divides the body into right and left sides |
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| splits the body into two equal halves |
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| located near the posterior part of the body, contains the cranial cavity and the spinal cavity |
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| located near the anterior part of the body, contains the thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity |
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| contains the spinal cord and the beginnings of the spinal nerves |
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| dome-shaped partition that functions in respiration, splits the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity |
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| a membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and enfolds the internal organs |
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| the head and special sense organs, such as the mouth, nose, eyes and ears |
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| the chest, abdomen, and pelvis |
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| the four limbs, arms and legs |
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| The upper extremities are made up of... |
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| the arms, wrists, hands, and fingers |
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| The lower extremities are made up of... |
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| thighs, knees, legs, ankles, feet, and toes |
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| extremities (arms and legs) |
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| digit (toes, fingers, or both) |
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| pertaining to the extremities of the body (arms and legs) |
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| cyanosis of the extremities (arms and legs appear bluish) |
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| abnormal coldness of the extremities |
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| portion of the body trunk that is located between the chest and the pelvis |
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| often used to describe the location of pain or body structures, they include the RUQ (right upper quadrant), RLQ (right lower quadrant), LUQ (left upper quadrant), LLQ (left lower quadrant) |
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| Thoracocentesis (or Thoracentesis) |
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| surgical puncture of the chest wall for aspiration of fluids |
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| the lower portion of the body trunk |
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| an adjective that pertains to the abdomen and the thorax |
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| Abdominocentesis (or abdominal paracentesis) |
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| a surgical procedure that is performed to remove excess fluids from the abdominal cavity or to inject a therapeutic agent |
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| abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity |
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| inflammation of the peritoneum, usually if infectious microorganisms gain access by way of surgical incisions or by the rupture or perforation of viscera or associated structures |
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| congenital herniation of the naval |
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| a protrusion of an organ through an abnormal opening in the wall of the cavity that surrounds it |
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| Types of abdominal hernias include... |
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| umbilical, femoral, incisional, and inguinal |
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| Fluids constitute more than... |
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| 60% of an adult's weight under normal conditions, and are vital in the transport of nutrients to all cells and removal of wastes from the body |
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| Water leaves the body by way of... |
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| urine, feces, sweat, tears, and other fluid charges (pus, sputum, mucus) |
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| extacellular fluid that fills the spaces between most of the cells of the body |
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| accumulation of fluid in the interstitial compartments |
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| lymph (sometimes refers to the lymphatics) |
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| substance that causes production |
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| saliva (sometimes refers to the salivary glands) |
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| urine (sometimes refers to the urinary tract) |
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| generally "increased" or "abnormal" when describing cellular components |
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| portion of the blood that is left over after the formed elements are removed, is a straw-colored fluid |
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| the study of blood and the blood-forming tissues |
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| the destruction of red blood cells with the liberation of hemoglobin |
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| the process of diffusing blood through a semipermeable membrane to remove toxic materials from the bodies of persons with impaired kidney function |
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| a localized collection of blood, usually clotted, in an organ, tissue, or space, resulting from a break in the wall of a blood vessel |
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| (blood clotting) the transforming of blood from a liquid to a solid |
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| forms in the clot, entangling trapped cells |
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| delays or prevents blood from clotting |
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| formation of internal blood clots, this is a serious condition that can cause death |
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| small structures in the blood that are important for blood clotting |
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| another name for platelets |
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| Thrombocytopenia (or Thrombopenia) |
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| a reduction in the number of blood platelets |
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| a red, iron-containing pigment that transports oxygen to the tissues and waste carbon dioxide to the lungs, where it is exchanges for fresh oxygen |
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| a condition in which the number of red blood cells or the concentration of hemoglobin (or both) is decreased |
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| white blood cells whose major function is body defense and helping combat infection |
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| cells that can ingest and destroy particulate substances such as bacteria, protozoa, cells, and cell debris |
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| Leukopenia (or Leukocytopenia) |
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| an abnormal decrease in the total number of white blood cells |
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| an abnormal increase in the total number of white blood cells, often associated with a bacterial infection |
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| a progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs |
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| initial defense mechanism, a protective response of body tissue that increases circulation to an area after irritation or injury |
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| The initial defense mechanism includes... |
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| inflammation, phagocytosis, and production of interferon and complement |
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