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Medical Terminology
N/A
355
Medical
Undergraduate 1
11/18/2010
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Term
digestive
 Definition
converts food into a form the body can use for energy, growth, and repair
Term
GI (Gastrointestinal) Tract
 Definition
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intesting
Term
digestion
 Definition
breaking down of food particle into their small subunits, primary function of the digestive system
Term
digestive flora
 Definition
bacteria within the GI tract; good when controlled
Term
a-
 Definition
without or absence of
Term
dia-
 Definition
through
Term
dys-
 Definition
bad, abnormal, painful, or difficult
Term
re-
 Definition
back
Term
bil/i
 Definition
bile
Term
flux/o
 Definition
flow
Term
gastr/o
 Definition
stomach
Term
halit/o
 Definition
breath
Term
hemat/o
 Definition
blood
Term
hepat/o
 Definition
liver
Term
peps/o, pept/o
 Definition
digestion
Term
phag/o
 Definition
eat, swallow
Term
steat/o
 Definition
fat
Term
-algia
 Definition
condition of pain
Term
-dynia
 Definition
pain
Term
-emesis
 Definition
vomiting
Term
-emia
 Definition
condition of blood
Term
-ia
 Definition
condition of
Term
-megaly
 Definition
abnormally large
Term
-osis
 Definition
condition of
Term
-rrhea
 Definition
excessive discharge
Term
aphagia
 Definition
inability to swallow
Term
ascites
 Definition
accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity that produces an enlarged abdomen
Term
constipation
 Definition
infrequent or incomplete bowel movements
Term
diarrhea
 Definition
frequent discharge of watery fecal material 
Term
dyspepsia
 Definition
indigestion
Term
dysphagia
 Definition
difficulty in swallowing
Term
flatus
 Definition
presence of gas or air in the GI tract
Term
gastrodynia
 Definition
symptom of stomach pain
Term
halitosis
 Definition
bad breath
Term
hematemesis
 Definition
vomiting blood
Term
hepatomegaly
 Definition
abnormal enlargement of the liver
Term
jaundice
 Definition
yellowish-orange coloration of the skin, sclera of the eyes, and deeper tissues
Term
nausea
 Definition
dizziness with an urge to vomit
Term
reflux
 Definition
backward flow of material in the GI tract
Term
steatorrhea
 Definition
abnormal levels of fat in the feces 
Term
an-
 Definition
not
Term
mal-
 Definition
bad
Term
aden/o
 Definition
gland
Term
appendic/o
 Definition
appendix
Term
cheil/o
 Definition
lip
Term
chol/e
 Definition
bile, gall
Term
choledoch/o
 Definition
common bile duct
Term
cirrh/o
 Definition
orange
Term
col/o
 Definition
colon
Term
cyst/o
 Definition
bladder
Term
diverticul/o
 Definition
diverticulum
Term
duoden/o
 Definition
twelve, duodenum
Term
enter/o
 Definition
small intestine
Term
esophag/o
 Definition
esophagus
Term
gastr/o
 Definition
stomach
Term
gingiv/o
 Definition
gums
Term
gloss/o
 Definition
tongue
Term
hem/o
 Definition
blood
Term
hepat/o
 Definition
liver
Term
lip/o
 Definition
fat
Term
lith/o
 Definition
stone
Term
orex/o
 Definition
appetite
Term
pancreat/o
 Definition
pancreas
Term
parot/o
 Definition
parotid gland
Term
pept/o
 Definition
digestion
Term
periton/o
 Definition
peritoneum
Term
polyp/o
 Definition
small growth
Term
proct/o
 Definition
rectum or anus
Term
rect/o
 Definition
rectum
Term
-al
 Definition
pertaining to
Term
-ectasis
 Definition
expansion or dilation
Term
-ia
 Definition
condition of
Term
-ic
 Definition
pertaining to
Term
-itis
 Definition
inflammation
Term
-malacia
 Definition
softening
Term
-megaly
 Definition
abnormally large
Term
-oid
 Definition
resembling
Term
-oma
 Definition
tumor
Term
-osis
 Definition
condition of
Term
-pathy
 Definition
disease
Term
-penia
 Definition
abnormal reduction in number or deficiency
Term
-ptosis
 Definition
drooping
Term
-sis
 Definition
state of
Term
-y
 Definition
process of
Term
anorexia nervosa
 Definition
emotional eating disorder in which the patient avoids food due to a compulsion to become thin in appearance
Term
appendicitis
 Definition
inflammation of the appendix
Term
bulimia
 Definition
eating disorder involving repeated gorging with food followed by induced vomiting or laxative abuse
Term
cheilitis
 Definition
inflammation of the lip
Term
cholecystitis
 Definition
inflammation of the gallbladder
Term
choledochitis
 Definition
inflammation of the common bile duct
Term
cholelithiasis
 Definition
condition of stones lodged within the gallbladder or bile ducts
Term
cirrhosis
 Definition
chronic, progessive liver disease characterized by the gradual loss of liver cells and their replacement by fat and other forms of connective tissue
Term
colitis
 Definition
inflammation of the colon
Term
colorectal cancer
 Definition
cancer of the colon often included cancer of the rectum
Term
Crohn's Disease
 Definition
chronic inflammation of any part of the GI Tract, involves ulcerations, scar tissue formation, and thickening adhesions of the organ wall
Term
diverticulosis
 Definition
presence of diverticula is often without symptoms or with mile bowel discomfort
Term
duodenal ulcer
 Definition
ulcer in the wall of the duodenum of the small intestine
Term
dysentery
 Definition
acute inflammation of the GI tract that is caused by bacteria, protozoa, or chemical irritants
Term
enteritis
 Definition
inflammation of the small or large intestine
Term
esophagitis
 Definition
inflammation of the esophagus
Term
food-borne illness
 Definition
food poisoning
Term
gastrectasis
 Definition
abnormal stretching, or dilation, of the stomach
Term
gastric cancer
 Definition
stomach cancer
Term
gastric ulcer
 Definition
ulcer in the wall of the stomach
Term
gastritis
 Definition
inflammation of the stomach
Term
gastroenteritis
 Definition
inflammation of the small intestine
Term
gastroesophageal
 Definition
recurring backflow, or reflux, of stomach contents into the esophagus
Term
gastromalacia
 Definition
softening of the stomach wall
Term
giardiasis
 Definition
infection by the intestinal protozoa produces symptoms of diarrhea, cramps, nausea, and vomiting
Term
gingivitis
 Definition
inflammation of the gums
Term
glossitis
 Definition
any disease of the tongue
Term
hemorrhoids
 Definition
swollen condition of the veins in the anus produces painful swellings that may break open and bleed
Term
hepatitis
 Definition
viral-induced inflammation of the liver
Term
hepatoma
 Definition
tumor arising from cells within the liver
Term
hiatal hernia
 Definition
protrusion of the cardiac portion of the stomach through the hiatus of the diaphragm to enter the thoracic cavity
Term
inflammatory bowel disease
 Definition
general term that includes the conditions ulcerative colitis and Crohn's Disease
Term
intussusception
 Definition
infolding of a segment of the small intesting within another segment
Term
irritable bowel syndrome
 Definition
chronic disease characterized by periodic disturbances of large intestinal (bowel) function without clear physical damage
Term
lactose intolerance
 Definition
lack of enzyme to break down lactose
Term
malabsorption syndrome
 Definition
difficulty absorbing one or more nutrients
Term
pancreatitis
 Definition
inflammation of the pancreas
Term
parotitis
 Definition
inflammation of one or both parotid glands (salivary)
Term
peptic ulcer
 Definition
erosion into the inner wall of an organ along the GI tract
Term
peritonitis
 Definition
inflammation of the extensive membrane that lines the inner wall of the abdominopelvic cavity
Term
polyposis
 Definition
abnormal mass of tissue that projects inward from the wall of a hollow organ
Term
proctitis
 Definition
inflammation of the anus and rectum
Term
proctoptosis
 Definition
drooping or prolapse of the rectum
Term
volvulus
 Definition
severe twisting of the intestine that leads to obstruction 
Term
acid/o
 Definition
solution or substance with a pH less than 7
Term
cheil/o
 Definition
lip
Term
fec/o
 Definition
feces
Term
ile/o
 Definition
to roll, ileum
Term
lapar/o
 Definition
abdomen
Term
lith/o
 Definition
stone
Term
pylor/o
 Definition
pylorus
Term
vag/o
 Definition
vagus nerve
Term
-centesis
 Definition
surgical puncture
Term
-emetic
 Definition
pertaining to vomiting
Term
-gram
 Definition
record or image
Term
-graphy
 Definition
measurement of recording process
Term
-plasty
 Definition
surgical repair
Term
-rrhaphy
 Definition
suturing
Term
-scopy
 Definition
to view
Term
-spasmodic
 Definition
pertaining to sudden, involuntary contraction
Term
-stomy
 Definition
surgical creation of an opening
Term
-tomy
 Definition
incision or to cut
Term
abdominocentesis
 Definition
surgical puncture through the abdominal wall to remove fluid
Term
antacid
 Definition
agent that reduces the acidity of the stomach cavity
Term
antiemetic
 Definition
drug that prevents or stops the vomiting reflex
Term
antispamodic
 Definition
drug that reduces peristalsis in the GI tract
Term
appendectomy
 Definition
surgical removal of the appendix
Term
cathartic
 Definition
agent that stimulates strong waves of peristalsis of the colon
Term
cheilorrhaphy
 Definition
suturing of the lip
Term
cholecystectomy
 Definition
surgical removal of the gallbladder
Term
cholecystogram
 Definition
procedure of producing an X-ray image of the gallbladder
Term
choledocholithotomy
 Definition
removal of one or more obstructive gallstones from the common bile duct
Term
cleft palate
 Definition
congenital defect in which the bones supporting the roof of the mouth fail to fuse during fetal development
Term
colectomy
 Definition
surgical removal of a segment of the colon
Term
colostomy
 Definition
surgical creation of an opening in the colon; acts an artificial anus
Term
fecal occult blood test
 Definition
clinical lab test performed to detect blood in the feces
Term
gastrectomy
 Definition
surgical removal of part of the stomach
Term
gastric lavage
 Definition
cleansing procedure in which the stomach is irrigated with a prescribed solution
Term
gavage
 Definition
process of feeding a patient through a tube inserted into the nose that extends through the esophagus to the stomach
Term
GI endoscopy
 Definition
visual examination of the GI tract that is made possible by the use of an endoscope
Term
GI Series
 Definition
common term applied to several diagnostic techniques that provide radiographic examination of the GI tract
Term
gingivectomy
 Definition
surgical removal of the diseased tissue in the gums
Term
glossorrhaphy
 Definition
surgery that repairs the injury that involves a severe bite through the tongue 
Term
hemorrhoidectomy
 Definition
surgical removal of hemorrhoids
Term
ileostomy
 Definition
surgical creation of an opening through the abdominal wall and into the ileum of the small intestine
Term
laparotomy
 Definition
surgical procedure that involves an incision through the abdominal wall
Term
polypectomy
 Definition
surgical removal of polyps
Term
pyloroplasty
 Definition
surgical repair of the pylorus region of the stomach
Term
stool culture and sensitivity
 Definition
obtaining stool samples, using the samples to grow microorganisms in culture, and identifying the microogranisms to determine which antibiotics will effectively kill the pathogens
Term
vagotomy
 Definition
surgical dissection of branches of the vagus nerve 
Term
albumin/o
 Definition
protein
Term
blast/o
 Definition
developing cell
Term
glomerul/o
 Definition
little ball, glomerulus
Term
gluc/o, glyc/o, glycos/o
 Definition
sweet, sugar
Term
meat/o
 Definition
opening, passage
Term
nephr/o
 Definition
kidney
Term
pyel/o
 Definition
renal pelvis
Term
ren/o
 Definition
kidney
Term
ureter/o
 Definition
ureter
Term
ur/o, urin/o
 Definition
urine
Term
urinary system
 Definition
sanitation engineer of the body
Term
nephrology
 Definition
specialization in the treatment of kidney disease
Term
ket/o, keton/o
 Definition
ketone
Term
noct/o
 Definition
night
Term
olig/o
 Definition
few in number
Term
prote/o
 Definition
protein
Term
py/o
 Definition
pus
Term
-emia
 Definition
condition of blood
Term
-urea
 Definition
urine
Term
-uresis
 Definition
urination
Term
-uria
 Definition
pertaining to urine or urination
Term
albuminuria
 Definition
physical sign of abnormal renal filtration
Term
anuresis
 Definition
inability to pass urine is a sign of blockage of the urinary tract or kidney failure
Term
anuria
 Definition
production of less than 100 mL of urine per day
Term
azotemia
 Definition
sign of abnormally high levels of urea and other nitrogen-containing compounds in the blood
Term
bacteriuria
 Definition
abnormal presence of bacteria in the urine
Term
diuresis
 Definition
excessive discharge of urine is a sign of the endocrine disorders known as diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus
Term
dysuria
 Definition
painful urination
Term
glycosuria
 Definition
abnormal presence of glucose in the urine
Term
hematuria
 Definition
abnormal presence of blood in the urine
Term
ketonuria
 Definition
abnormal presence of ketone bodies in the blood
Term
nocturia
 Definition
need to urinate frequently at night
Term
oliguria
 Definition
reduced urination; less than 500 mL within a 24-hour period
Term
polyuria
 Definition
chronic excessive urination 
Term
proteinuria
 Definition
presence of any protein in the urine
Term
pyuria
 Definition
pus in the urine
Term
hypo-
 Definition
deficient, abnormally low
Term

azot/o

 

 Definition
urea or nitrogen
Term
blast/o
 Definition
germ or bud
Term
spadias/o
 Definition
rip or tear
Term
sten/o
 Definition
narrow
Term
ur/o
 Definition
urine
Term
-cele
 Definition
hernia, swelling, or protrusion
Term
-ptosis
 Definition
drooping
Term
cystitis
 Definition
inflammation of the urine bladder
Term
cystocele
 Definition
herniation of the urine bladder
Term
cystolith
 Definition
stone in the urinary bladder
Term
enuresis
 Definition
involuntary release of urine
Term
epispasdias
 Definition
congenital defect resulting in the abnormal positioning of the urinary meatus
Term
glomerulonephritis
 Definition
any disease of the glomeruli
Term
hydroephrosis
 Definition
exit of the urine out of the kidneys is blocked by an obstruction in a ureter, urine will back up causing distension of the renal pelvis
Term
hypospadias
 Definition
change in the location of the urinary meatus is ventral
Term
nephritis
 Definition
inflammation of the kidney
Term
nephroblastoma
 Definition
tumor originating from kidney tissue that includes embryonic cells
Term
nephrolithiasis
 Definition
presence of one or more stones with a kidney
Term
nephroma
 Definition
tumor arising from kidney tissue
Term
nephromegaly
 Definition
abnormal enlargement of one or both kidneys
Term
nephroptosis
 Definition
downward placement (drooping) of a kidney
Term
polycystic
 Definition
presence of numerous cysts occupying most of the kidney tissue
Term
pyelitis
 Definition
inflammation of the renal pelvia
Term
pyelonephritis
 Definition
inflammatory condition of the renal pelvis and nephrons
Term
strictures
 Definition
condition of abnormal narrowing
Term
uremia
 Definition
excess of urea and other nitrogenous wastes
Term
ureteritis
 Definition
inflammation of the ureter
Term
urterocele
 Definition
herniated ureter
Term
ureterolithiasis
 Definition
presence of one or more stones within a ureter
Term
urinary retention
 Definition
abnormal accumulation of urine within the urinary bladder
Term
urinary suppression
 Definition
acute stoppage of urine formation by the kidneys
Term
urinary tract infection
 Definition
infection of the urinary organs
Term
-lysis
 Definition
loosening or dissolve
Term
-pexy
 Definition
surgical fixation
Term
-tripsy
 Definition
surgical crushing
Term
tom/o
 Definition
to cut
Term
dia-
 Definition
through
Term
blood urea nitrogen
 Definition
clinical lab test that measures urea concentration in a sample of blood
Term
creatinine
 Definition
normal component of urine and is a by-product of muscle metabolism
Term
cystectomy
 Definition
surgical removal of the urinary bladder
Term
cystogram
 Definition
image of the urinary bladder
Term
cystourethrogram
 Definition
if procedure includes the urethra
Term
cystolithomoy
 Definition
incision made through the urinary bladder wall to remove a stone
Term
cystoplathy
 Definition
surgical repair of the urinary bladder
Term
cystorrhaphy
 Definition
suturing the urinary bladder
Term
cystoscopy
 Definition
modified endoscope to view the interior of the urinary bladder
Term
cystostomy
 Definition
surgical creation of an artificial opening into the urinary bladder
Term
cystotomy
 Definition
incision through the urinary bladder wall
Term
fulguration
 Definition
surgical procedure that destroys living tissue with an electric current
Term
hemodialysis
 Definition
procedure that pushes a patient's blood through permeable membranes with an instrument
Term
lithotripsy
 Definition
concentrated sound waves to pulverize or dissolve stones into smaller pieces that may then pass with urine through the urethra
Term
nephrectomy
 Definition
surgical procedure to remove a kidney
Term
nephrogram
 Definition
x-ray image of the kidney
Term
nephrology
 Definition
medical field that studies and treats disorders associated with the kidneys
Term
nephrolysis
 Definition
surgical procedure during which abnormal adhesions are removed from a kidney
Term
nephropexy
 Definition
surgical fixation of a kidney
Term
nephroscopy
 Definition
visual examination of kidney nephrons
Term
nephrosonography
 Definition
ultrasound procedure that provides an image of a kidney for diagnostic analysis
Term
nephrostomy
 Definition
procedure that surgically creates an opening through the body wall and into a kidney
Term
nephrotomogram
 Definition
diagnostic procedure that images the kidney with sectional X-rays to observe internal details of kidney structure
Term
peritoneal dialysis
 Definition
processes fluids and electrolytes by artificial filtration as a cleansing treatment to compensate for kidney failure
Term
 pyelogram
 Definition
x-ray image of the renal pelvis
Term
pyelolithotomy
 Definition
surgery performed to remove the stone from the renal pelvis involves an incision into the kidney
Term
pyeloplasty
 Definition
surgical repair of the renal pelvis
Term
renal transplant
 Definition
replacement of a dysfunctioning kidney with a donor kidney
Term
renography
 Definition
examination that uses nuclear medicine by IV injection of radioactive material into the patient's kidney
Term
specific gravity
 Definition
measurement of the density of substances in a liquid compared to water
Term
uretrectomy
 Definition
surgical removal of a ureter
Term
ureterostomy
 Definition
surgical creation of an external opening from the uterer to the body surface
Term
ureterotomy
 Definition
incision into teh wall of the ureter
Term
urethropexy
 Definition
surgical fixation of the urethra
Term
urethroplasty
 Definition
surgical repair of the urethra
Term
urethrostomy
 Definition
surgical creation of an opening through the urethra
Term
urethrotomy
 Definition
incision into the wall of the urethra
Term
urinanalysis
 Definition
clinical lab tests that are performed on a urine specimen
Term
urinary catheterization
 Definition
flexible tube that is inserted into an opening of the body to transport fluids in or out
Term
urinary endoscopy
 Definition
procedural use of an endoscope to observe internal structures of the urinary system
Term
urinometer
 Definition
instrument that measures the specific gravity in a sample of urine
Term
urologist
 Definition
medical field specializing in disorders of the urinary system
Term
vesicourethral
 Definition
surgery that is performed to stabilize the position of the urinary bladder
Term
amni/o, amnion/o
 Definition
amnion, amniotic fluid
Term
andr/o
 Definition
male
Term
balan/o
 Definition
glans penis
Term
chori/o
 Definition
membrane, chorion
Term
cyes/o, cyesi/o
 Definition
pregnancy
Term
embry/o
 Definition
embryo
Term
epididym/o
 Definition
epididymis
Term
episi/o
 Definition
vulva
Term
fet/o
 Definition
fetus
Term
gravid/o, gravidar/o
 Definition
pregnancy
Term
mamm/o, mast/o
 Definition
breast
Term
men/o, menstru/o
 Definition
month, menstruation
Term
orch/o, orchid/o
 Definition
testis
Term
pen/o
 Definition
penis
Term
prostat/o
 Definition
prostate gland
Term
semin/o
 Definition
seed, sperm
Term
sperm/o, spermat/o
 Definition
seed, sperm
Term
test/o
 Definition
testis or testicle
Term
urethr/o
 Definition
urethra
Term
vas/o
 Definition
vessel or duct
Term
gamete
 Definition
sperm or ovum
Term
gynecology
 Definition
specializes in diseases of the female reproductive system
Term
zo/o
 Definition
animal, living
Term
aspermia
 Definition
inability to produce or ejaculate sperm
Term
azoospermia
 Definition
absence of living sperm in semen
Term
balanorrhea
 Definition
excessive discharge from the glans
Term
chancres
 Definition
small ulcers on the skin of the penis
Term
oligospermia
 Definition
abnormally low sperm count
Term
papilloma
 Definition
wartlike lesions on the skin and mucous membranes
Term
prostatitis
 Definition
inflammation of the prostate gland
Term
prostatorrhea
 Definition
abnormal, excessive discharge from the prostate gland
Term
testalgia
 Definition
testicular pain
Term
urethritis
 Definition
inflammation of the urethra
Term
andropathy
 Definition
disease only afflicting males
Term
anorchism
 Definition
condition without testis
Term
balanitis
 Definition
inflammation of the glans penis
Term
benign prostatic hyperplasia
 Definition
prostate gland enlarges to constrict the urethra passing through it
Term
cryptoorchidism
 Definition
condition of an undescended testis
Term
epididumitis
 Definition
inflammation of the epididymsis
Term
erectile dysfunction
 Definition
inability to achieve an erection sufficient to perform sexual intercourse
Term
hydrocele
 Definition
swelling of the scrotum caused by fluid accumulation
Term
Peyronie's disease
 Definition
hardness of the erectile tissue within the penis
Term
phimosis
 Definition
congenital narrowing of the prepuce opening
Term
priapism
 Definition
abnormally persistent erection of the penis, accompanied by pain and tenderness
Term
testicular torsion
 Definition
spermatic cord becomes twisted 
Term
varicocele
 Definition
herniation of the veins within the spermatic cord
Term
vesicul/o
 Definition
small bag
Term
anti-impotence therapy
 Definition
collection of therapies that address erectile dysfunction
Term
balanoplasty
 Definition
surgical repair of the glans penis
Term
circumcision
 Definition
removal of the prepuce
Term
prostatectomy
 Definition
surgical removal of the prostate gland
Term
vasovasostomy
 Definition
surgery to reverse a vasectomy
Term
colp/o
 Definition
vagina
Term
salping/o
 Definition
trumpet tube, fallopian tube
Term
colpodynia
 Definition
vaginal pain
Term
mittelschmerz
 Definition
abdominal pain occurring during ovulation
Term
lei/o
 Definition
smooth
Term
oophor/o, ovar/o
 Definition
ovary
Term
my/o
 Definition
muscle
Term
-atresia
 Definition
closure or absence of a normal body opening
Term
fistula
 Definition
abnormal passage from one organ or cavity to another
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