Term
| Dual x-ray absorptiometry(ab-sorp-shee-OM-ehtree) |
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Definition
| a low-exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips to measure bone density. This test produces more accurate results than ultrasonic bone density testing |
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Term
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Definition
| a form of nuclear medicine |
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Term
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Definition
| a diagnostic test that may be necessary after abnormal types or numbers of red or white blood cells are found in a complete blood count test |
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Term
| Arthrodesis (ar-throh-DEE-sis) |
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Definition
| the surgical fusion (joining together) of two bones to stiffen a joint, such as an ankle, elbow, or shoulder (arthr/o means joint, and -desis means surgical fixation of bone or joint). This procedure is performed to treat severe arthritis or a damaged joint, also known as surgical ankylosis |
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Term
| Arthrolysis (ar-THROL-ih-sis) |
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Definition
| the surgical loosening of an ankylosed joint (arthr/o means joint, and -lysis means loosening or setting free) |
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Term
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Definition
| means breaking down or destruction and may indicate either a pathologic state or a therapeutic procedure |
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Term
| allogenic bone marrow transplant |
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Definition
| uses healthy bone marrow cells from a compatible donor, often a sibling. However, unless this is a perfect match, there is the danger that the recipient’s body will reject the transplant |
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Term
| autologous bone marrow transplant |
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Definition
| the patient receives his own bone marrow cells which have been harvested, cleansed, treated, and then stored before the remaining bone marrow is destroyed; autologous means originating within an individual |
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Term
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Definition
Synovial joints are the movable joints of the body.
The synovial capsule is the outermost layer of strong fibrous tissue that resembles a sleeve as it surrounds the joint.
Synovial membrane lines the capsule and secretes synovial fluid. |
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Term
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Definition
| the abnormal softening of bones due to disease |
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Term
| Chondromalacia (kon-droh-mah-LAY-shee-ah) |
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Definition
| the abnormal softening of cartilage (chondr/o means cartilage, and -malacia means abnormal softening) |
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Term
| Osteonecrosis (oss-tee-oh-neh-KROH-sis) |
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Definition
| the death of bone tissue due to a lack of insufficient blood supply (oste/o means bone, and -necrosis means tissue death) |
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Term
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Definition
MYEL/O means either bone marrow or spinal cord.
CRANI/O means skull.
SPONDYL/O means vertebrae. |
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Term
| Periostitis (pehr-ee-oss-TYE-tis) |
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Definition
| an inflammation of the periosteum (peri- means surrounding, ost means bone, and -itis means inflammation). This condition is often associated with shin splints |
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Term
| osteitis (oss-tee-EYE-tis) |
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Definition
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Term
| A synovectomy (sin-oh-VECK-toh-mee) |
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Definition
| the surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint (synov means synovial membrane, and -ectomy means surgical removal) |
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Term
| A bursectomy (ber-SECK-toh-mee) |
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Definition
| the surgical removal of a bursa (burs means the bursa) |
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Term
| A laminectomy (lam-ih-NECK-toh-mee) |
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Definition
| the surgical removal of a lamina, or posterior portion, of a vertebra (lamin means lamina) |
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Term
| Ankylosing spondylitis (ang-kih-LOH-sing spon-dih-LYEtis) |
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Definition
| a form of rheumatoid arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae. Ankylosing means the progressive stiffening of a joint or joints, and spondylitis means inflammation of the vertebrae |
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Term
| Arthritis (ar-THRIGH-tis) |
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Definition
| an inflammatory condition of one or more joints (arthr means joint, and -itis means inflammation). There are many different forms and causes of arthritis. Rheumatism is an obsolete term for arthritis to describe any painful disorder of the joints; however, in lay language, this word is still in use |
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Term
| Spondylolisthesis (spon-dih-loh-liss-THEE-sis) |
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Definition
| the forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra or sacrum below it (spondyl/o means vertebrae, and -listhesis means slipping) |
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Term
| Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
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Definition
| images soft tissue structures such as the interior of complex joints. It is not the most effective method of imaging hard tissues such as bone |
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Term
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Definition
| a malignant tumor composed of blood-making cells of the bone marrow (MYEL means bone marrow and -OMA means tumor) |
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Term
| osteochondroma (oss-tee-oh-kon-DROH-mah) |
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Definition
| a benign bony projection covered with cartilage (oste/o means bone, chondr means cartilage, and -oma means tumor). Benign means something that is not lifethreatening and does not recur. This type of tumor is also known as an exostosis (plural, exostoses) |
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Term
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Definition
| a tumor that occurs in the bones of the upper arm, legs, pelvis, or rib. The peak incidence is between ages 10 and 20 years |
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Term
| ostectomy (oss-TECK-toh-mee) |
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Definition
| the surgical removal of bone |
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Term
| Osteoclasis (oss-tee-OCK-lah-sis) |
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Definition
| the surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity (oste/o means bone, and -clasis means to break) |
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Term
| Osteorrhaphy (oss-tee-OR-ah-fee) |
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Definition
| the surgical suturing, or wiring together, of bones (oste/o means bone, and -rrhaphy means surgical suturing) |
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Term
| Osteopenia (oss-tee-oh-PEE-nee-ah) |
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Definition
| thinner than average bone density in a young person (oste/o means bone, and -penia means deficiency). This term is used to describe the condition of someone who does not yet have osteoporosis, but is at risk for developing it |
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Term
| Osteoporosis (oss-tee-oh-poh-ROH-sis) |
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Definition
| a marked loss of bone density and an increase in bone porosity that is frequently associated with aging (oste/o means bone, por means small opening, and -osis means abnormal condition or disease) |
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Term
| Orthopedic surgeon (or-thoh-PEE-dick) |
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Definition
| specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders involving the bones, joints, and muscles |
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Term
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Definition
| a fracture treatment in which a plate or pins are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place, not usually removed after the fracture has healed |
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Term
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Definition
| a fracture treatment procedure in which pins are placed through the soft tissues and bone so that an external appliance can be used to hold the pieces of bone firmly in place during healing. When healing is complete, the appliance is removed. Also known as also known as open reduction internal fixation (ORIF). |
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Term
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Definition
| the act of holding, suturing, or fastening the bone in a fixed position with strapping or a cast, also known as stabilization |
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Term
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Definition
| a deficiency disease that occurs in children, characterized by defective bone growth, results from vitamin D deficiencey that could be a result of insufficient exposure to sunlight. Also known as infantile osteomalacia |
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Term
| Scoliosis (skoh-lee-OH-sis) |
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Definition
| an abnormal lateral (sideways) curvature of the spine (scoli means curved, and -osis means abnormal condition or disease) |
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Term
| Paget’s disease (PAJ-its) |
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Definition
| a bone disease with an unknown cause; characterized by excessive breakdown of bone tissue and then abnormal bone formation (new bone is ususally enlarged, but weakened and filled with new blood vessels). Also known as osteitis deformans |
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Term
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Definition
This kind of fracture occurs at the the lower end of the radius when a person tries to stop a fall by landing on his or her hands. It's named for the Irish surgeon Abraham Colles, and is also known as a fractured wrist.
The impact of someone trying to stop their fall will cause the bone to break if it is weakened by osteoporosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| a fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart, this type occurs as the result of a severe twisting motion, such as in a sports injury |
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Term
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Definition
| this fracture is a small crack in the bone that often develops from chronic, excessive impact; it is an overuse injury |
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Term
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Definition
| the surgical repair of cartilage |
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Term
| Dystonia (dis-TOH-nee-ah) |
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Definition
| a condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement |
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Term
| Hypotonia (high-poh-TOH-nee-ah) |
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Definition
| a condition in which there is diminished tone of the skeletal muscles; opposite of hypertonia |
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Term
| Myotonia (my-oh-TOH-nee-ah) |
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Definition
| a neuromuscular disorder characterized by the slow relaxation of the muscles after a voluntary contraction |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of activities to promote recovery and rehabilitation to assist patients in normalizing their ability to perform the activities of daily living (ADL). These activities include bathing, grooming, brushing teeth, eating, and dressing. |
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Term
| Intermittent claudication |
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Definition
| pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest |
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Term
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Definition
| a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles. Myasthenia means muscle weakness (my means muscle, and -asthenia means weakness or lack of strength). Gravis comes from the Latin meaning grave or serious. |
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Term
| Hemiparesis (hem-ee-pah-REE-sis) |
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Definition
| slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body (hemimeans half, and -paresis means partial or incomplete paralysis). |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Osteoarthritis (oss-tee-oh-ar-THRIGH-tis) |
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Definition
| most commonly associated with aging (oste/o means bone, arthr means joint, and -itis means inflammation), also known as wear-and-tear arthritis |
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Term
| Gouty arthritis (GOW-tee ar-THRIGH-tis) |
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Definition
| a type of arthritis characterized by deposits of uric acid in the joints. Uric acid is a byproduct that is normally excreted by the kidneys. Gout develops when excess uric acid, which is present in the blood, forms crystals in the joints of the feet and legs, also known as gout |
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Term
| Rheumatoid arthritis (ROO-mah-toyd ar-THRIGH-tis) |
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Definition
| a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked, also abbreviated as RA |
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Term
| Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (ROO-mah-toyd ar-THRIGH-tis) |
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Definition
| an autoimmune disorder that affects children aged 16 years or less with symptoms that include stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed growth, and fatigue |
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Term
| physiatrist (fiz-ee-AT-rist) |
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Definition
| a physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function |
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Term
| exercise physiologist (fiz-ee-OL-oh-jist) |
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Definition
| a specialist who works under the supervision of a physician to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs, and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness |
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Term
| sports medicine physician |
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Definition
| a specialist in treating sports-related injuries of the bones, joints, and muscles |
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Term
| diagnostic technique used to detect early osteoporosis [not to detect bone cancer] |
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Definition
| dual x-ray absorptiometry |
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Term
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Definition
| characterized by uncontrollable fatigue and widespread pain in the muscles, ligaments, and tendon |
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Term
| Tendinitis (ten-dih-NIGH-tis) |
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Definition
| an inflammation of the tendons caused by excessive or unusual use of the joint; synonymous with tendonitis, tenonitis, and tenontitis |
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Term
| Sarcopenia (sar-koh-PEE-nee-ah) |
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Definition
the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that comes with aging (sarc/o means flesh, and -penia means deficiency)
A weight or resistance training program can significantly improve muscle mass and slow, but not stop this process. |
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Term
| percutaneous diskectomy (per-kyou-TAY-nee-us dis-KECK-toh-mee) |
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Definition
| performed to treat a herniated intervertebral disk. In this procedure, a thin tube is inserted through the skin of the back to suction out the ruptured disk or to vaporize it with a laser. Percutaneous means performed through the skin. |
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Term
| percutaneous vertebroplasty (per-kyou-TAY-nee-us VER-tee-broh-plas-tee) |
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Definition
| performed to treat osteoporosis- related compression fractures (vertebr/o means vertebra, and -plasty means surgical repair). In this minimally invasive procedure, bone cement is injected to stabilize compression fractures within the spinal column. |
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Term
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Definition
| a technique to immobilize part of the spine by joining together (fusing) two or more vertebrae. Fusion means to join together |
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Term
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Definition
| a specialized soft-tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such as fibromyalgia |
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Term
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Definition
| treatment to prevent disability or to restore functioning through the use of exercise, heat, massage, and other methods to improve circulation, flexibility, and muscle strength |
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Term
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Definition
| utilizes high-frequency sound waves to treat muscle injuries by generating heat deep within muscle tissue. This heat eases pain, reduces muscle spasms, and accelerates healing by increasing the flow of blood into the target tissues. |
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Term
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Definition
forms the base for the nasal septum,
[the nasal septum is the cartilage wall that divides the two nasal cavities] |
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Term
| inferior conchae (KONG-kee or KONG-kay) |
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Definition
| the thin, scroll-like bones that form part of the interior of the nose (singular, concha) |
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Term
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Definition
The 12 pairs of ribs, which are also known as costals, attach posteriorly to the thoracic vertebrae (cost means rib, and -al means pertaining to).
The first seven pairs of ribs, called true ribs, are attached anteriorly to the sternum.
The last two pairs of ribs, called floating ribs, are only attached posteriorly. |
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Term
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Definition
| the temporary, partial, or complete disappearance of the symptoms of a disease without having achieved a cure |
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Term
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Definition
| a spasm or twitching of a muscle or group of muscles |
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Term
| Nocturnal myoclonus (nock-TER-nal my-oh-KLOHnus) |
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Definition
| jerking of the limbs that can occur normally as a person is falling asleep; nocturnal means pertaining to night. |
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Term
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Definition
| it's myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm; also known as hiccups |
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