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Medical Terminology - Digestive Sytem
Medical Terminology of the Digestive Sytem
198
Medical
Undergraduate 1
03/24/2011
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Term

 

 

mouth

 Definition
opening through which food passes through the body
Term

 

 

tongue

 Definition
skeletal muscle attaches to posterior region of mouth, provides movement of food, major organ of taste and speech
Term

 

 

palate

 Definition
separates nasal cavity from oral cavity
Term

 

 

soft palate

 Definition
posterior portion, no bone support
Term

 

 

hard palate

 Definition
anterior portion, supported by bone
Term

 

 

uvula

 Definition
soft V-shaped mass, extends from soft palate
Term

 

 

pharynx (throat)

 Definition
performs swallowing action, passes food from mouth to esophagus
Term

 

 

esophagus

 Definition
10" tube extends from pharynx to stomach
Term

 

 

stomach

 Definition
J-shaped sac mixes and stores food
Term

 

 

cardia

 Definition
area around opening of esophagus
Term

 

 

fundus

 Definition
uppermost domed portion of the stomach
Term

 

 

body

 Definition
central portion of stomach
Term

 

 

antrum

 Definition
lower portion of stomach
Term

 

 

pylorus

 Definition
portion of stomach that connects to small intestine
Term

 

 

pyloric sphincter

 Definition
ring of muscle, gaurds opening between the stomach and duodenum
Term

 

 

small intestine

 Definition
20' canal extending from pyloric sphincter to large intestine
Term

 

 

duodenum

 Definition
first 10-20" of small intestine
Term

 

 

jejunum

 Definition
8 foot, second portion of small intestines
Term

 

 

Illeum

 Definition

third portion of the small intestines

11 feet long
Term

 

 

large intestine

 Definition
canal that is approximately 5 feet, extends from ileum to anus
Term

 

 

cecum

 Definition
U-Shaped pouch, first portion of large intestines
Term

 

 

colon

 Definition
next portion of large intestines
Term

 

 

rectum

 Definition
remaining of large intestines, 8-10 inches
Term

 

 

anus

 Definition
sphincter muscle at end of digestive tract
Term

 

 

salivary glands

 

 

 Definition
produce saliva
Term

 

 

liver

 Definition

produces bile to break down fats

(digestion and metabolism)
Term

 

 

bile ducts

 Definition

passageways that carry bile

hepatic - from liver

cystic - from gallbladder
Term

 

 

gallbladder

 Definition
small, sac-like, stores bile
Term

 

 

pancreas

 Definition
produces pancreatic juice, secretes insulin
Term

 

 

peritoneum

 Definition
serous sac lining abdominal & pelvic cavities
Term

 

 

appendix

 Definition
small pouch attached to cecum, no function
Term

 

 

abdomen

 Definition
portion of the body between thorax and pelvis
Term

 

 

hemi-

 Definition
half
Term

 

 

-pepsia

 Definition

 

 

digestion
Term

 

 

an/o

 Definition

 

 

anus
Term

 

 

antr/o

 Definition

 

 

antrum
Term

 

 

cec/o

 Definition

 

 

cecum
Term

 

 

col/o; colon/o

 Definition

 

 

colon
Term

 

 

duoden/o

 Definition

 

 

duodenum
Term

 

 

enter/o

 Definition

 

 

intestine

(usually small)
Term

 

 

esophag/o

 Definition

 

 

esophagus
Term

 

 

gastr/o

 Definition

 

 

stomach
Term

 

 

ile/o

 Definition

 

 

ileum
Term

 

 

jejun/o

 Definition

 

 

jejunum
Term

 

 

or/o; stomat/o

 Definition

 

 

mouth
Term

 

 

proct/o; rect/o

 Definition

 

 

rectum
Term

 

 

sigmoid/o

 Definition

 

 

sigmoid colon
Term

 

 

abdomin/o; celi/o; lapar/o

 Definition

 

 

abdomen

(abdominal cavity)
Term

 

 

appendic/o

 Definition

 

 

appendix
Term

 

 

cheil/o

 Definition

 

 

lip
Term

 

 

cholangi/o

 Definition

 

 

bile duct
Term

 

 

chol/e

 Definition

 

 

gall, bile
Term

 

 

choledoch/o

 Definition

 

 

common bile duct
Term

 

 

diverticul/o

 Definition

 

 

diverticulum; pl. diverticula

(blind pouch of hollow organ)
Term

 

 

gingiv/o

 Definition

 

 

gum
Term

 

 

gloss/o; lingu

 Definition

 

 

tongue
Term

 

 

hepat/o

 Definition

 

 

liver
Term

 

 

herni/o

 Definition

 

 

hernia

( or protrusion of an organ through a membrane or cavity wall)
Term

 

 

palat/o

 Definition

 

 

pallate
Term

 

 

pancreat/o

 Definition

 

 

pancreas
Term

 

 

peritone/o

 Definition

 

 

peritoneum
Term

 

 

polyp/o

 Definition

 

 

polyp, small growth
Term

 

 

pylor/o

 Definition

 

pylorus, pyloric sphincter
Term

 

 

sial/o

 Definition

 

 

saliva
Term

 

 

steat/o

 Definition

 

 

fat
Term

 

 

uvul/o

 Definition

 

 

uvula
Term

 

 

apendicitis

 

 Definition
imflammation of appendix
Term

 

 

cholangioma

 Definition
tumor of bile duct
Term

 

 

choledocholithiasis

 Definition
condition of stones in the common bile duct
Term

 

 

cholelithiasis

 Definition
condition of gall stones
Term

 

 

diverticulitis

 Definition
imflammation of the diverticulum
Term

 

 

diverticulosis

 Definition
abnormal condition of having divertcula
Term

 

 

esophagitis

 Definition
imflammation of the esophagus
Term

 

 

gastritis

 Definition
inflammation of the stomach
Term

 

 

gastroenteritis

 Definition
inflammation of stomach and intestines
Term

 

 

gastroenterocolitis

 Definition
stomach, small intestine, colon inflammation
Term

 

 

gingivitis

 Definition
inflammation of the gums
Term

 

 

hepatitis

 Definition

 

 

inflammation of the liver
Term

 

 

hepatoma

 Definition

 

 

tumor of the liver
Term

 

 

palatitis

 Definition

 

 

inflammation of the palate
Term

 

 

pancreatitis

 Definition

 

 

inflammation of the pancreas
Term

 

 

peritonitis

 Definition

 

 

inflammation of the peritoneum
Term

 

 

polyposis

 Definition

 

 

abnormal condtion of polyps
Term

 

 

proctoptosis

 Definition
prolapse of the recum
Term

 

 

rectocele

 Definition

 

 

protrusion of the rectum
Term

 

 

sialolith

 Definition
stone in saliva gland
Term

 

 

steatohepatitis

 

 Definition
inflammation of liver due to excessive fat
Term

 

 

uvulitis

 Definition
inflammation of the uvula
Term

 

 

adhesion

 Definition
abnormal growing together of two surfaces
Term

 

 

anorexia nervosa

 Definition
psychoneurotic disorder; refusal to eat
Term

 

 

bulimia nervosa

 Definition

 

 

gorging followed by induced vomitting
Term

 

 

cirrhosis

 Definition
chronic disease of the liver, destuction of cells caused mostly by alcoholism
Term

 

 

Crohn disease

 Definition
chronic inflammation, effect ileum
Term

 

 

duodenal ulcer

 Definition
ulcer in duodenum
Term

 

 

gastric ulcer

 Definition
stomach ulcer
Term

 

 

Gastroesophageal reflux Disease

(GERD)

 Definition
backward flow of gastrointestinal content
Term

 

 

hemochromatosis

 Definition
iron metabolism disease
Term

 

 

hemmorrhoid

 Definition
varicose veins of the rectal area
Term

 

 

ileus

 Definition
obstruction of the intestine
Term

 

 

intussusception

 Definition
telescoping of a segment of the intestine
Term

 

 

irritable bowel syndrome

(IBS)

 Definition
periodic disturbances of bowel function
Term

 

 

obesity

 Definition

 

 

excess body fat
Term

 

 

peptic ulcer

 Definition
other name for gastric or duodenal ulcer
Term

 

 

polyp

 Definition
tumor-like grown extending outward from a mucous membrane
Term

 

 

ulcerative colitis

 Definition
inflammation of colon with ulcers
Term

 

 

volvulus

 Definition
twisting of intestine
Term

 

 

abdominocentesis

 Definition
surgical puncuture to remove fluid from the abdominal cavity
Term

 

 

abdominoplasty

 Definition

 

 

surgical repair of the abdomin
Term

 

 

anoplasty

 Definition
surgical repair of the anus
Term
antrectomy
 Definition
excision of the antrum
Term

 

 

appendectomy

 Definition
excision of appendix
Term

 

 

celiotomy

 Definition
incision into the abdominal cavity
Term

 

 

cheilorrhaphy

 Definition
suture of the lip
Term

 

 

cholecystectomy

 Definition
excision of the gallbladder
Term

 

 

choledocholithotomy

 Definition
incision into common bile duct to remove stone
Term

 

 

colectomy

 Definition
excision of colon
Term

 

 

colostomy

 Definition
creation of artificial opening into colon
Term

 

 

diverticulectomy

 Definition
excision of diverticulum
Term

 

 

enterorrhaphy

 Definition
suture of the intestine
Term

 

 

esophagogastroplasty

 Definition
surgical repair of the esophagus and the stomach
Term

 

 

gastrectomy

 Definition
excision of the stomach
Term

 

 

gastrojejunostomy

 Definition
artificial opening between jejunum and stomach
Term

 

 

gastroplasty

 Definition
surgical repair of the stomach
Term

 

 

gastrostomy

 Definition
creation of artificial opening in stomach
Term

 

 

gingivectomy

 Definition
surgical removal of gum tissue
Term

 

 

glossorrhaphy

 Definition

 

 

suture of the tongue
Term

 

 

hemicolectomy

 Definition
excision of half the colon
Term

 

 

herniorrhaphy

 Definition
suture of hernia
Term

 

 

ileostomy

 Definition
artificial opening into ilium
Term

 

 

laparotomy

 Definition
incision of the abdomen
Term

 

 

palatoplasty

 Definition
surgical repair of the palate
Term

 

 

polypectomy

 Definition
excision of a polyp
Term

 

 

pyloromyotomy

 Definition
incision of pyloric muscle
Term

 

 

pyloroplasty

 Definition
surgical repair of the pylorus
Term

 

 

uvulectomy

 Definition
surgical repair of the uvula
Term

 

 

uvulopalatopharyngoplasty

UPPP

 Definition

surgical repair of uvula, palate, pharynx

(for obstruction sleep apnea)
Term

 

 

abdominoperineal resection

(A&P resection)

 Definition
removal of the colon and rectum through pereneal and abdominal approaches.
Term

 

 

anastomosis

 Definition
surgical connection between two normally distinct structures
Term

 

 

bariatric surgery

 Definition
surgical reduction of gastric capacity
Term

 

 

hemorrhoidectomy

 Definition
excision of hemorrhoids
Term

 

 

vagotomy

 Definition
cutting branches of the vagus nerve (performed with gastric surgery)
Term

 

 

cholangiogram

 Definition
radiographic imaging of the bile duct
Term
cholangiography
 Definition
radiographic imaging of bile ducts w/ contrast media
Term

 

 

cholecystogram

 Definition
radiographic image of gallbladder
Term

 

 

CT colonography

 Definition
radiographic imaging of the colon using CT scanner
Term

 

 

esophagogram

 Definition
radiographic image of the esophagus
Term

 

 

colonoscope

 Definition
instrument used to examine colon
Term

 

 

colonoscopy

 Definition
visual examination of colon
Term

 

 

endoscope

 Definition
instrument used for visual exam of hollow organ
Term

 

 

endoscopy

 Definition
visual examination of hollow organ
Term

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

(EGD)

 Definition
visual exam of esophagus, duodenum, stomach
Term

 

 

abdominal ultrasonography

 Definition
record images of internal organs w/ high frequency sound waves
Term

 

 

barium enema

 Definition
series of radiographic images taken of large intestines after enema administered
Term

 

 

upper GI series

 Definition
series of radiographic images taken of stomach, duodenum, after barium has been swallowed
Term

endoscopic retrograde

cholangiopancreatography

(ERCP)

 Definition
x-ray exam of bile and pancreatic ducts
Term

 

 

endoscopic ultrasound

(ESU)

 Definition
endoscope fitted w/ ultrasound probe, for images of layers of intestinal wall
Term

 

 

fecal occult blood test

(FOBT)

 Definition
test to detect occult blood in feces
Term

 

 

aphagia

 Definition
without swallowing
Term

 

 

colorectal

 Definition
pertaining to colon and rectum
Term

 

 

dyspepsia

 Definition
difficult digestion
Term

 

 

dysphagia

 Definition
difficult swallowing
Term

 

 

gastrodynia

 Definition
pain in stomach
Term

 

 

gastromalacia

 Definition
softening of stomach
Term

 

 

ileocecal

 Definition
 pertaining to ileum and cecum
Term

 

 

nasogastric

 Definition
pertaining to the nose and stomach
Term

 

 

steatorrhea

 Definition
discharge of fat
Term

 

 

steatosis

 Definition
abnormal condition of  fat
Term
stomatogastric
 Definition
pertaining to the mouth and stomach
Term

 

 

sublingual

 Definition
under tongue
Term

 

 

ascites

 Definition
abnormal condition of fluid in peritoneal cavity
Term

 

 

dysentery

 Definition
dissorder, inflammation of intestine
Term

 

 

emesis

 Definition
expelling matter from the stomach through the mouth (vomit)
Term

 

 

feces

 Definition
waste from digestive tract
Term

 

 

flatus

 Definition
gas in digestive tract, or expelled through the anus
Term

 

 

gastric lavage

 Definition
washing out of stomach
Term

 

 

gavage

 Definition
process of feeding a person through nasogastic tube
Term

 

 

hematemesis

 Definition
vomitting of blood
Term

 

 

hematochezia

 Definition
passage of bloody feces
Term

 

 

melena

 Definition
black tar stool contains digested blood
Term

 

 

peristalsis

 Definition
involuntary wave-like contractions propel food along digestive tract
Term

 

 

stoma

 

 Definition
surgical opening between an organ and a surface of skin
Term

 

 

A&P resection

 Definition
Abdominalperineal resection
Term

 

 

BE

 Definition
barium enema
Term

 

 

EGD

 Definition
esophagogastroduodenoscopy
Term

 

 

ERCP

 Definition

endoscopic retrograde

cholangiopancreatography
Term

 

 

EUS

 Definition
edoscopic ultrasound
Term

 

 

GERD

 Definition
gastroesophageal reflux
Term

 

 

GI

 Definition
gastrointestinal
Term

 

 

H. pylori

 Definition
Helicobacter pylori
Term

 

 

IBS

 Definition
irritable bowel syndrome
Term

 

 

N&V

 Definition
nausea and vomiting
Term

 

 

PEG

 Definition
percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
Term

 

 

UGI

 Definition
upper gastrointestinal
Term

 

 

UPPP

 Definition
uvulopalatopharyngoplasty
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