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| pneum/o, pneumon.o, pneumat/o |
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| wall, partition; putrefying |
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| condition of carbon dioxide |
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| condition of sound or voice |
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| Coccidiodes immitis organism |
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| pertaining to producing, formation or causing |
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| the absence of carbon dioxide-a reduction of CO2 in exhalation indicates hyperventilation has been occurring and metabolic failure |
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| the inability to breathe or inhale |
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| an abnormal slowing of the breathing rhythm |
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| a narrowing of the airway caused by contraction of smooth muscles in the walls of tiny tubes called bronchioles. A common sign of the respiratory asthma and can lead to apnea |
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| Cheyne-Stokes respiration |
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| a repeated pattern of distressed breathing marked by a gradual increase of deep breathing, followed by shallow breathing and apnea. Sign of nervous dysfunction or congestive heart failure |
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| the symptom of a hoarse voice |
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| the symptom of difficult breathing, usually caused by a respiratory disease or cardiac disorder. |
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| a nosebleed-can be a sign of high blood pressure, a nasal sinus infection, inhalation of a toxic irritant or particle, or a blow to the face. AKA rhinorrhagia |
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| the symptom of coughing up and spitting out blood |
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| the pooling of blood within the peural cavity surrounding the lungs |
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| excessive levels of CO2 in the blood |
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| blood CO2 levels are deficient or low |
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| a sign of abnormally deep breathing or an abnormally high rate of breathing-common to people suffering from emphysema, also common symptom of heart failure and panic attacks. |
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| abnormally rapid breathing, common in asthma sufferers |
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| abnormally shallow breathing |
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| a reduced breathing rhythm that fails to meet the body's gas exchange demands |
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| abnormally low levels of oxygen in the blood, a sign of respiratory deficiency |
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| the sign of abnormally low levels of oxygen throughout the body |
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| the closure of the glottis; the opening into the larynx, due to muscular contractions of the throat |
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| the limited ability to breathe when laying down, which becomes relieved when sitting upright |
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| a sudden, sharp reoccurrence of symptoms or a convulsion |
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| an expectorated (coughed out from the lungs) matter, contains mucus, inhaled particulates, and sometimes pus or blood. Often a symptom of respiratory diseases |
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| the symptom of pain in the chest region. Aka, thoracodynia |
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| the absence of respiratory ventilation, or suffocation |
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| a condition of the lungs characterized by widespread narrowing of the bronchioles and formation of mucous plugs. Symptoms: wheezing, shortness of breath, chest pain, and frequent coughing during an episode. Regarded as an inflammatory response to an allergic substance by the lungs |
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| asthma complicated with bronchitis |
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| the alveoli collaspe (no air is retained and the lung collaspes) preventing air from entering |
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| the abnormal dilation of the bronchi-commonly seen in infants and young children |
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| inflammation of the bronchi. Acute bronchitis associated with a respiratory tract infection, w symptoms of coughing, chest pain, and sputum. Chronic bronchitis caused by smoking or allergies |
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| an aggressive form of cancer arising from cells within the bronchi |
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| an acute inflammatory disease involving the bronchioles and the alveoli. Usually caused by a bacterial infection that involves the bronchi and the soft tissue of the lungs, causing the alveoli to fill with fluid (exudate) that leads to loss of air space. |
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| bronchopneumonia within the lobe of a lung |
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| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
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| a general term for obstruction of air flow to and from the lungs as a consequence of several pulmonary diseases, including chronic bronchitis, bronchospasm, cystic fibrosis, and emphysema |
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| a fungal infection of the upper respiratory tract, which often spreads to the lungs and other organs. Aka valley fever. Caused by inhaling the spores of a fungal pathogen |
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| a virus that causes the common cold by infecting the upper respiratory tract and causing local inflammation. Aka rhinitis |
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| a viral infectious disease that is common among infants and young children. Produces a characteristic hoarse cough that is a result of the acute obstruction of the larynx. Clinical term: laryngotracheobronchitis or LTB |
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| a hereditary disease characterized by excess mucus production in the respiratory tract, digestive tract, and elsewhere. CF causes difficulty breathing because of the dense mucus that obstructs the airways |
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| a chronic lung disease characterized by the symptoms of dyspnea, a chronic cough, formation of a barrel chest due to labored breathing, and a gradual deterioration caused by chronic hypoxemia and hypercapnia. Symptoms arise when alveolar walls deteriorate, resulting in a loss of elasticity that causes an inability to breathe. Smoking is the leading cause |
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| inflammation of the epiglottis-usually caused by a bacterial infection that spreads from the throat to the epiglottis |
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| inflammation of the larynx-characterized by the symptom of dysphonia |
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| a form of pneumonia that is caused by the bacterium legionella pneumophilia. Aka legionnaire's disease |
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| aka adenocarcinoma of the lung. Cancer that arising from the soft tissues of the lung. 2 types: small-cell and non-small-cell. Most common cause is chronic exposure to tobacco smoke |
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| inflammation of the nose and pharynx-caused by an allergic reaction or bacterial or viral infection |
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| an acute infectious disease characterized by inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi that produces spasmodic coughing. Aka whooping cough because of the noise produced at the end of a cough when the larynx spasms. Can be fatal if not treated due to exhaustive coughing and obstructed airflow |
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| inflammation of the pharynx-commonly called sore throat |
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| effusion refers to the leakage of fluid. in pleural effusion, fluid leaks into the pleural cavity- occurs as a response by the body to injury or infection of the pleural membranes |
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| inflammation of the pleural membranes. Aka pleurisy |
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| a disease characterized by inflammation of the pleural membranes and the lungs |
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| inflammation of the lungs caused by the chronic inhalation of fine particles. the inflammation leads to the formation of a fibrotic tissue around alveoli, reducing their ability to stretch with incoming air, which impedes the efficiency of gas exchange-common forms: asbestosis and silicosis |
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| inflammation of soft lung tissue (excluding the bronchi) that results in the formation of exudate (fluid) within alveoli. The exudate impedes the efficiency of gas exchange. Caused by bacterial, viral or fungal pathogens. |
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| an inflammatory condition of the lungs that is independent of a particular cause. Often associated with pulmonary edema-the accumulation of fluid within the lungs outside the alveoli |
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| the abnormal presence of air or gas within the pleural cavity-caused by a penetrating injury to the chest or severe coughing and leads to atelectasis |
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| the accumulation of fluid within the tiny air sacs within the lungs (the alveoli) that is a response to infection or injury. Common cause: cardiovascular disease |
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| a blockage in the pulmonary circulation by a blood clot. Is a complication of an injury or surgery. |
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| the presence of pus in the pleural cavity. aka empyema |
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| respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) |
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| a respiratory disease characterized by atelectasis. |
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| Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) |
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| A form of respiratory distress that affects newborns- neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) or hyaline membrane disease (HMD). Caused by insufficient surfactant, a substance produced by alveolar cells that prevents atelectasis. |
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| adult (or acute) respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) |
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| a form of RDS that affects adults-caused by severe lung infections or infury |
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| inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the nasal cavity |
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| severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) |
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| a severe, rapid-onset viral infection resulting in respiratory distress that includes acute lung inflammation, alveolar damage, and atelectasis. Usually caused by the influenza virus and can be fatal |
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| an inflammation of the mucous membranes-it affects the nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses |
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| inflammation of one or more tonsils |
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| inflammation of the trachea-usually caused by a bacterial infection that travels downward from the larynx. inflammation leads to a narrowing of the trachea-tracheostenosis |
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| infection of the lungs by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The little swelling or tubercle, is a colony of bacteria within the soft tissue of the lung that forms a hardened barrier, preventing white blood cells from entering and destroying the bacteria. The colonies multiply till necrosis and inflammation overwhelm the gas exchange function. |
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| upper respiratory infection (URI) |
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| a generalized infection of the upper respiratory tract (nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx |
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| acid-fast bacilli smear (AFB) |
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| a clinical test performed on sputum to identify the presence of bacteria that react to acid-frequently used with chest x-rays to diagnose TB |
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| a pharyngeal tonsil=adenoid. a surgical removal a chronically inflamed adenoid to avoid complications including obstruction of the nasopharynx |
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| a histamine is a compound released by certain cells in response to allergens that cause bronchial constriction and blood vessel dilation. This dilation increases the movement of plasma out of capillaries and into interstitial space, resulting in edema. Antihistamines inhibit the effects of histamines |
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| arterial blood gases (ABGs) |
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| a clinical test on arterial blood to identify the levels of oxygen and CO2. |
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| the removal of fluid, air, or foreign bodies with suction |
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| a procedure that involves listening to sounds within the body as part of a physical examination-often with the aid of a stethoscope |
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| a procedure that uses a bronchodilating agent in an inhaler to reduce bronchial constriction in an effort to open the airway and improve breathing |
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| the x-ray imaging of the bronchi-the image called bronchogram. Uses a contrast medium to highlight the bronchial tree-being replaced by bronchoscopy and CAT scans |
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| the evaluation of the bronchi using a flexible fiber-optic viewing tube (bronchoscope), inserted through the nose |
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| diagnostic imaging of the chest by a computed tomography (CT) instrument-used to diagnose respiratory tumors, pleural effusions, pleuritis, and other disease by providing 3D images of the thoracic cavity |
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| an x-ray image of the thoracic cavity that is used to diagnose tuberculosis, tumors, and other lung conditions. Aka chest radiograph |
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| ear, nose, and throat specialist (ENT) |
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| a physician specializing in the treatment of upper respiratory tract disease |
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| insertion of a noncollapsible breathing tube into the trachea through the nose or mouth=endotracheal intubation. Performed to open the airway and/or to keep the airway open |
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| a drug that breaks up mucus and promotes the coughing reflex to expel the mucus |
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| a postoperative breathing therapy-involves the use of a portable spirometer to promote deeper breathing to improve lung expansion after an operation-reduces pulmonary complications and helps correct atelectasis |
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| surgical removal of the larynx-treatment for laryngeal cancer. Usually followed by training or insertion of a device to enable patient to communicate orally |
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| a diagnostic procedure that uses a modified endoscope (laryngoscope) to visually examine the larynx |
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| a surgical incision into the larynx and trachea performed to create a second opening for inspiration and expiration-air bypasses URT |
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| surgical removal of a single lobe of a lung |
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| a medical treatment to provide supplemental oxygen to patients in respiratory distress-provides assisted breathing using a ventilator which pushes air into the patient's airway |
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| a device used to convert a liquid medication to a mist and deliver it to the lungs with the aid of deep inhalation |
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| the procedure that measures oxygen levels in the blood |
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| the surgical puncture and aspiration of fluid from the pleural cavity. The fluid is analyzed for presence of bacteria and white blood cells (could indicate pleuritis). Aka thoracentesis or thoracocentesis |
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| the surgical removal of a lung |
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| a diagnostic procedure that evaluates the blood circulation of the lungs- X-rays with contrast medium show pulmonary circulation |
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| a series of tests performed to determin the cause of lung disease by evaluating lung capacity through the use of spirometry, which involves breathing into a tube connected to a spirometer. This meter measures the amount of air inhaled and exhaled after a normal breathing cycle (tidal vol.) and other measures. |
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| a physician specializing in the treatment of diseases affecting the lower respiratory tract, particularly the lungs |
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| artificial respiration that is used to restore breathing. Includes CPR |
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| the surgical repair of a nose-can be cosmetic. Can include septoplasty during which deviation of the nasal septum is corrected to improve breathing |
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| TB skin test (aka PPD skin test and Mantoux skin test) |
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| a skin test to determine the presence of TB infection. A purified protein derivative (PPD) sample of the TB bacillis is injected beneath the epidermis of the skin. Pos-red and swollen to a certain measurement indicates possible infection |
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| surgical puncture using a needle and a syringe into the thoracic cavity to aspirate pleural fluid for diagnosis and treatment-see pleurocentesis |
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| surgical puncture into the chest cavity, usually for the insertion of a drainage or air tube |
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| a surgical incision into the chest wall-often used to treat pleural effusion by draining excess fluid from the pleural cavity |
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| surgical repair of the trachea |
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| surgical creation of an opening into the trachea, usually for the insertion of a breathing tube |
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| surgical incision into the trachea |
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| ventilation-perfusion scanning (VPS) |
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| a diagnostic tool that uses nuclear medicine or radioactive material to evaluate pulmonary function-can identify pulmonary embolism and edema. Aka lung scan and V/Q scan |
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