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| the presence of red blood cells of unequal size |
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| the presence of bacteria in a sample of blood. this is a sign of infection |
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| an abnormally reduced number of red blood cells |
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| the rupture of the red blood cell membrane |
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| the abnormal loss of blood from the circulation that is a sign of illness or truama |
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| an abnormally reduced number of white blood cells. Also called leukocytopenia |
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| the presence of abnormally large red blood cells |
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| the presence of tear-shaped red blood cells |
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| an abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells in the blood. Also called erythrocytosis |
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| abnormal enlargement of the spleen that is a symptom of injury or infection |
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| a disease that has a symptom of abnormally reduced number of platelets |
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| the presence of toxins in the bloodstream |
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| putrefying; wall or partition |
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| acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-a disease caused by HIV which disables the immune response by destroying important white blood cells, helper T cells. |
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| the body's immune response to allergens, which are foreign substances that produce a reaction including immediate inflammation. some major types are allergic rhinitis (hay fever) and allergic dermatitis |
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| an immediate reaction to a foreign substance that includes rapid inflammation, vasodilation, bronchospasms, and spasms of the GI tract |
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| the reduced ability of red blood cells to deliver oxygen to tissues due either to reduced number of red blood cells or a reduction in amount of an oxygen-binding protein in red blood cells called hemoglobin. |
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| in which the red bone marrow fails to produce sufficient numbers of normal blood cells |
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| caused by a lack of iron resulting in the body's inability to produce adequate amounts of hemoglobin |
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| in which the hemoglobin is defective within cells, resulting in misshaped red blood cells that cause obstructions in blood vessels |
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| caused by an inadequate supply of folic acid |
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| a bacterial disease that has a blackening effect on the skin and lungs |
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| a disease caused by a person's own immune response attacking otherwise healthy tissues, i.e. RA, multiple sclerosis |
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| an illness caused by the ingestion of food contaminated with the neurotoxin produced a bacteria. Often occurs when food is improperly canned. |
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| a disease that is capable of transmission from one person to another. Transmitted through direct contact, indirectly by contact with bodily fluids or by way of vectors (usually insects such as fleas) |
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| an infectious disease resulting in acute inflammation of the mucous membranes, primarily in the mouth and throat. Characterized by the formation of an obstructive, leatherlike membrane in the throat |
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| any abnormal condition of the blood |
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| the leakage of fluid form the bloodstream into the interstitial space between body cells causes swelling and is one aspect of inflammation. The swelling in called edema |
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| a fungal infection that spreads throughout the body by way of the bloodstream |
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| infection of the wound caused by anaerobic bacteria, which cause some additional damage to local tissue when bllod flow is reduced due to some reason, including diabetes |
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| a mass of blood outside blood vessels and confined within an organ or space within the body, usually in a clotted form. Commonly known as a bruise or contusion |
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| the general term for a disease that affects hemoglobin within red blood cells |
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| an inherited bleeding disorder that results from defective or missing blood-clotting proteins that are necessary components in the coagulation process, hence those suffering from this disease often suffer abnormal blood loss. |
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| an infectious disease that causes internal bleeding (internal hemorrhage)and high fevers. Often caused by viruses and has a high rate of mortality |
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| a malignant form of cancer of lymphatic tissue that is characterized by the progressive enlargement of lymph nodes, fatigue, and deficiency of the immune response. Also called Hodgkin's lymphoma. Less common than non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. |
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| a condition that is caused by medical treatment |
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| a disease that develops without a known or apparent cause |
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| a condition resulting from a defective immune response. Occurs when there are insufficient numbers of functional white blood cells, especially lymphocytes, available to defend the body from sources of infection. A related term, immunocompromised, which describes a patient suffering from an immunodeficiency |
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| a reduction of an immune response may be caused by disease or by the use of chemical, pharmacological, or immunologic agents. The suppressed status of the immune response that results is called immunosuppression |
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| the combination of two blood types that result in the destruction of red blood cells. May occur during a blood transfusion causing severe consequences |
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| a multiplication of disease-causing microorganisms, or pathogens, in the body. A disease caused by infection is called an infectious disease. |
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| the physiological process that serves as the body's initial response to injury and many forms of illness-the swelling of body tissue. The swelling results from the movement of plasma from capillaries into the extracellular space to produce edema or fluid accumulation in tissue. Common symptoms of inflammation: swelling, redness, heat, and pain |
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| a viral disease characterized by fever and an acute inflammation of respiratory mucous membranes. Is highly contagious and is capable of mutating to escape detection by white blood cells |
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| a cancer that originates from cells within the blood forming tissue of the red marrow, the tumor spreads throughout the red marrow, transforming the blood-forming tissue into a mass that produces abnormal white blood cells |
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| inflammation of the lymph nodes. An acute form is common during infections |
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| a malignant tumor originating in lymphatic tissue |
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| a disease caused by a parasitic protozoan that infects red blood cells and the liver during different parts of its life cycle. The vector of this disease in the Anopheles mosquito and the symptoms include periodic flares of high fever |
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| a viral disease characterized by enlarged lymph nodes and spleen, atypical lymphocytes, throat pain, pharyngitis, fever, and fatigue. Caused by the Epstein-Barr virus and is a communicable disease |
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| the death of one or more cells or a portion of tissue or organ. A cell, cells, tissue, or organ that is dead is often called necrotic |
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| an infectious disease that is contracted during a hospital stay. |
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| any infectious disease that is widespread and causes extensive mortality |
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| a viral infection that is spread from the saliva of an infected animal usually by way of bite. The virus acts of the central nervous system to cause paranoia and paralysis, is usually fatal. Also called hydrophobia, because of the panic of paralysed animals unable to drink water |
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| a systemwide disease caused by the presence of bacteria and their toxins in the circulating blood. Also called sepsis. A person suffering from septicemia is referred to as septic |
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| a viral disease caused by the variola virus. Gets its name in an effort to distinguish it from syphilis which had larger pustules or pox. |
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| a condition in which the presence of the bacterium staphylococcus is in the blood. A frequent causes of wound infections, foodborne illness, skin inflammation, osteomyelitis, and nosocomial infections. Commonly called a staph infection |
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| a condition in which the bacterium streptococcus is in the blood. Commonly caused strep infection. Frequently begins in the throat as a form of pharyngitis called strep throat which is isn't managed can spread to the bloodstream which distributes it to vital organs. The heart valves are particularly vulnerable & can sufffer permanent damage if infected. |
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| a disease caused by a neurotoxin released by the bacterium Clostridium tetani. The toxin acts on the central nervous system causing convulsions and spastic paralysis. Infection results from improperly cleaned puncture wounds |
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| a tumor originating in the thymus gland |
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| a therapeutic treatment involving the use of a substance with known toxicity to bacteria. The antibiotic may be obtained from a fungus, usually a mold, or other bacteria. |
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| a chemical agent that delays or prevents the clotting process in blood. Often administered to dissolve existing unwanted clots or to reduce the likelihoos of clot formation after surgery |
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| a pharmacological therapy that is useful in battling a class of viruses that tend to mutate quickly, called retroviruses. Used against HIV |
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| the process in which pathogens are rendered less virulent, or infectious, prior to their incorporation into a vaccine preparation |
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| a transfusion of blood donated by a patient for their personal use. Common practice before surgery to avoid potential incompatibility or contamination of blood |
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| a test or series of tests on a sample of plasma to measure the levels of its composition, including glucose, albumin, triglycerides, pH, cholesterol, and electrolytes |
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| a clinical test to determine infection in the blood. Performed by placing a sample of blood in a nutrient-rich medium in an effort to grow population of bacteria for analysis |
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| the introduction of blood, blood products, or a blood substitute into a patient's circulation to restore blood volume to normal levels. Two types: autologous transfusion and homologous transfusion |
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| a timed blood test to determine the time required for a blood clot to form. Prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT) are two types of tests. |
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| a CBC is a common lab test that evaluates a sample of blood to provide diagnostic information about a patient's general health. Includes tests such as hematocrit, hemoglobin, red blood count, and white blood count. Sometimes a platelet count (PLT) is also included. |
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| a microscopic count of the number of each type of white blood cell in a sample of blood |
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| HCT or Hct, a procedure included in a complete blood count that measures the percentage of red blood cells in a volume of blood. Obtained by centrifuging a sample of blood to separate the cells from plasma in the centrifuge tube. |
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| the general field of medicine focusing on blood-related disease |
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| a procedure in a CBC that measures the level of hemoglobin in red blood cells (in grams). Abbreviated HGB or Hgb. Any level below normal is considered anemia |
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| the transfusion of blood that is voluntarily donated by another person. Requires blood-type work called crossmatching to prevent incompatibility |
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| a treatment which establishes immunity against a particular foreign substance that may otherwise cause disease. Includes inoculation of antigen components that stimulate the patient's immune response to produce memory lymphocytes and antibodies, which will be available in the blood to provide immune protection when future exposure occurs |
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| a study concerned with immunity and allergy |
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| the treatment of infectious disease by the administration of pharmacological agents, such as serum, gamma, globulin, treated antibodies, and suppressive drugs |
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| the surgical removal of one or more lymph nodes |
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| PLT, a lab procedure that calculates the number of platelets in a known volume of blood. A reduced PLT suggests potential failure of hemostasis since platelets play a major role in clot formation and coagulation |
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| any treatment that tends to prevent the onset of an infection or other type of disease |
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| a lab test included in a CBC that measures the number of red blood cells within a given volume of blood |
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| the surgical removal of the spleen. Often necessary if it has ruptured |
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| a treatment that is performed to dissolve an unwanted blood clot or thrombus |
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| the inoculation of a foreign substance that has reduced virulence or a reduced ability to cause infection, as a means of providing a cure or prophylaxis |
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| a preparation that is used to activate an immune response to provide acquired immunity against an infectious agent |
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