Term
|
Definition
| mineral salts (sodium, potassium, and calcium) that carry an electrical charge in solution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fluid that passes from the blood through the capillary walls of the glomeruli of the kidney |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| products of cellular metabolism that contain nitrogen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sequence of rhythmic contraction of smooth muscles of a hollow organ to force material forwards and prevent backflow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and covers most of the organ within the cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| liquid portion of blood, composed primarily of water (90%), and containing dissolved proteins, nutrients, lipids, and various waste products |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fluid containing sperm and secretions from the prostate and other structures of the male reproductive system; also called seminal fluid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| androgenic hormone responsible for the development of the male sex organs, including the penis, testicles, scrotum, and prostate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| instrument for examining the bladder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hernia of the bladder; also called cystocele |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| disease of the glomerulus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surgical repair of the renal pelvis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| narrowing or stricture of the urethra |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surgical repair of the glans penis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| incision of the epididymis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| downward displacement of the testes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pertaining to the perineum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enlargement of the prostate gland |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| swelling containing spermatozoa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pertaining to sperm cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| swelling of a dilated vein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| removal of (all or part of) the vas deferens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the seminal vesicle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nitrogenous compounds in the blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| condition of hidden testes; also called cryptorchism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| disease of the sex glands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormally low concentration of potassium in the blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| presence of ketone bodies in the urine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excessive and frequent urination after going to bed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| scanty (decreased production) of sperm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (agents that) kill sperm; also called spermticide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| forming or producing stones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormal condition of stones or calculi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a fissure under (the penis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| much (excretion of) urine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pertaining to (the area) behind the peritoneum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| absence of urine production or urinary output |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| retention of excessive amounts of nitrogenous compounds (urea, creatine, and uric acid) in the blood; also called uremia |
|
|
Term
| bladder neck obstruction (BNO) |
|
Definition
| blockage at base of bladder that reduces or prevents urine from passing into the urethra |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| renal failure that occurs over a period of years, in which the kidneys lose their ability to maintain volume and composition of body fluids with normal dietary intake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| painful or difficult urination, commonly described as a "burning sensation" while urinating |
|
|
Term
| end-stage renal disease (ESRD) |
|
Definition
| condition in which kidney function is permanently lost |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involuntary discharge of urine; also called incontinence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormal passage from a hollow organ to the surface or from one organ to another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| voiding urine at frequent intervals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involuntary delay in initiating urination |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormal dilation of the renal pelvis and the calyces of one or both kidneys due to pressure from accumulated urine that cannot flow past an obstruction in the urinary tract |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| loss of large amounts of plasma protein, usually albumin by way of urine due to increased permeability of the glomerular membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excessive or frequent urination after going to bed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| diminished capacity to form and pass urine, resulting in inefficient excretion of the end products of metabolism |
|
|
Term
| polycystic kidney disease (PKD) |
|
Definition
| inherited disease in which sacs of fluid called cysts develop in the kidneys |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| feeling of the need to void immediately |
|
|
Term
| vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) |
|
Definition
| disorder caused by failure of urine to pass through the ureters to the bladder, usually due to impairment of the valve between the ureter and bladder or obstruction in the ureter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rapidly developing malignant neoplasm of the kidney that usually occurs in children |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| congenital absence of one or both testes; also called anorchia or anorchism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| failure to form or ejaculate semen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the skin covering the glans penis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| malformation in which the urethra opens on the dorsum of the penis |
|
|
Term
| erectile dysfunction (ED) |
|
Definition
| repeated inability to initiate or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| accumulation of serous fluid in a saclike cavity, especially the testes and associated structures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| developmental anomaly in which the urethra opens on the underside of the penis or, in extreme cases, on the perineum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stenosis or narrowing of preputial orifice so that the foreskin cannot be retracted over the glans penis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inability to produce offspring; in the male, inability to fertilize the ovum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| swelling and distention of veins of the spermatic cord |
|
|
Term
| digital rectal examination (DRE) |
|
Definition
| screening test that assesses the rectal wall surface for lesions or abnormally firms areas that might indicate cancer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| measures the contraction of muscles that control urination using electrodes placed in the rectum and urethra |
|
|
Term
| testicular self-examination |
|
Definition
| self-examination of the testes for abnormal lumps or swellings in the scrotal sacs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| endoscopy of the urinary bladder for evidence of pathology, obtaining biopsies of tumors or other growths, and removal of polyps |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| endoscopy of the kidney(s) using a specialized, three-channel endoscope that enables visualization and irrigation of the kidney |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| endoscopy of the urethra using a specialized endoscope, typically for lithotripsy or TURP |
|
|
Term
| blood urea nitrogen (BUN) |
|
Definition
| test that determines the amount of urea nitrogen, a waste product of protein metabolism, present in a blood sample |
|
|
Term
| culture and sensitivity (C&S) |
|
Definition
| test that determines the causative organism of a disease and how the organism responds to various antibiotics |
|
|
Term
| prostate-specific antigen (PSA) |
|
Definition
| blood test used to detect prostatic disorders, especially prostatic cancer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| test that analyzes a semen sample for volume, sperm count, motility, and morphology to evaluate fertility or verify sterilization after a vasectomy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| battery of tests performed on a urine specimen, including physical observation, chemical tests, and microscopic evaluation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| imaging technique that rotates an x-ray emitter around the area to be scanned and measures the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| radiographic examination of the urinary bladder using a contrast medium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| procedure that assesses volume and pressure in the bladder at various stages of filling using saline and a contrast medium introduced into the bladder through a catheter |
|
|
Term
| intravenous pyelography (IVP) |
|
Definition
| radiographic examination of the kidneys, and urinary tract after IV injection of a contrast medium; also called excretory urography (EU) |
|
|
Term
| kidney, ureter, bladder (KUB) radiography |
|
Definition
| radiographic examination to determine the location, size, and shape of the kidneys in relationship to other organs in the abdominopelvic cavity and to identify abnormalities of the urinary system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| radiology test in which radioactive materials called tracers are introduced into the patient and a specialized camera, which acts as a radiation detector, produces images by recording the emitted tracers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| radiograph that uses high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) and displays the reflected echoes on a monitor; also called sonography, echography, or echo |
|
|
Term
| voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) |
|
Definition
| radiological examination of the bladder and urethra performed before, during, and after voiding using a contrast medium to enhance imaging |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| medical procedure used to filter toxic substances from the patient's bloodstream, such as excess electrolytes and nitrogenous wastes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| method of removing waste substances from the blood by shunting it from the body, passing it through an artificial kidney machine where it is filtered, and then returning the dialyzed blood to the patient's body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| removal of toxic substances from the body by perfusing the peritoneal cavity with a warm, sterile chemical solution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| removal of all or part of the foreskin, or prepuce, of the penis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fixation of a floating or mobile kidney |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| removal of one of both tests; also called orchiectomy |
|
|
Term
| transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) |
|
Definition
| surgical procedure that involves inserting a resectoscope into the urethra to "chip away" at the prostate gland to remove the obstruction and flushing out the chips and sending them for analysis to detect possible evidence of cancer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| incision of a urethral stricture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excision of all or a segment of the vas deferens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| treat bacterial infections of the urinary tract by acting on the bacterial membrane or one of its metabolic processes; includes ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| decrease spasms in the urethra and bladder by relaxing the smooth muscles lining their walls, thus allowing normal emptying of the bladder; includes oxybutynin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| promote and increase the excretion of urine; includes furosemide and spironolactone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| replace potassium due to depletion caused by diuretics; include potassium chloride |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increase testosterone levels; include testosterone base and testosterone cypionate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| treat erectile dysfunction (impotence) by increasing blood flow to the penis, resulting in an erection; includes sildenafil citrate and vardenafil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the sex, or reproductive, organs visible on the outside o the body; also called genitals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| length of time from conception to birth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| production and release of milk by mammary glands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mouth; entrance or outlet of any anatomical structure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| time after childbirth that lasts approximately 6 weeks, during which the anatomical and physiological changes brought about by pregnancy resolve and a woman adjusts to the new or expanded responsibilities of motherhood and non-pregnant life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surgical puncture of the amniotic sac |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the cervix |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| visual examination of the vagina |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vaginal hernia; also called colpocele |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| forming or producing milk |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| physician specializing in treating disorders of the female reproductive system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pertaining to the lining of the uterus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| relating to the uterus and vagina |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surgical fixation of the breast(s) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bursting forth of the menses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prolapse or downward displacement of the uterus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pertaining to (time period) before birth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surgical repair of a fallopian tube |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| beginning of menstruation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| woman who has been pregnant more than once |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| woman who has never produced a viable offspring |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blood in a fallopian tube; also called hematosalpinx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tipping or turning back (of an organ) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tipping or turning forward of an organ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of (tissue) within the uterus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| woman who has delivered more than one viable infant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| woman during her first pregnancy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| accessory parts of a structure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| congenital absence or closure of a normal body opening, such as the vagina |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| malignant neoplasm of the uterus or at the site of an ectopic pregnancy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contraceptive device consisting of a hemisphere of thin rubber bonded to a flexible ring; inserted into the vagina together with spermicidal jelly or cream up to 2 hours before coitus so that spermatozoa cannot enter the uterus, thus preventing conception |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ovarian scar tissue that results from rupturing of a follicle during ovulation and becomes a small yellow body that produces progesterone after ovulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurrence of pain during sexual intercourse |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the mucous lining of the cervix uteri |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| benign uterine tumors composed of muscle and fibrous tissue; also called leiomyomas (myomas) and fibromyomata uteri |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inability or diminished ability to produce offspring |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| use of hormones to suppress ovulation and prevent conception |
|
|
Term
| oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) |
|
Definition
| birth control pills containing estrogen and progesterone in varying proportions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| beginning of menstrual function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| scanty or infrequent menstrual flow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| region between the vulva and anus that constitutes the pelvic floor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| period during which secondary sex characteristics begin to develop and the capability of sexual reproduction is attained |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pus in the fallopian tubes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| turning or state of being turned back, especially of an entire organ, such as the uterus, being tipped from its normal position |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inability of the female to become pregnant or the male to impregnate the female |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| painful spasms of the vagina from contraction of its surrounding muscles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| capable of sustaining life; denotes a fetus sufficiently developed to live outside the uterus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| termination of pregnancy before the embryo or fetus is capable of surviving outside the uterus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| premature separation of a normally situated placenta |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| membrane, continuous with and covering the fetal side of the placenta, that forms the outer surface of the umbilical cord |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| common abnormality of delivery in which the fetal buttocks or feet present first rather than the head |
|
|
Term
| Down syndrome, trisomy 21 |
|
Definition
| congenital condition characterized by physical malformations and some degree of mental retardation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| difficult labor, which may be produced by the large size of the fetus or the small size of the pelvic outlet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most serious form of toxemia during pregnancy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pregnancy in which the fertilized ovum does not reach the uterine cavity but becomes implanted on any tissue other than the lining of the uterine cavity, such as a fallopian tube, an ovary, the abdomen, or even the cervix uteri |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| woman who has been pregnant more than once |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| woman who has delivered more than one viable infant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| woman who has given birth to one or more viable infants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| measurement of pelvic dimensions to determine whether the head of the fetus will be able to pass through the bony pelvis during the delivery process |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| condition in which the placenta is attached near the cervix and ruptures prematurely, with spotting as the early symptom |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| woman pregnant for the first ime |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| woman who has given birth to one viable infant, her first child, indicated by the notation para I on the patient's chart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| period of 42 days after childbirth and expulsion of the placenta and membranes, during which the reproductive organs usually return to normal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transabdominal puncture of the amniotic sac under ultrasound guidance using a needle and syringe to remove amniotic fluid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| delivery of pressurized air or gas into a cavity, chamber, or organ to allow visual examination, remove an obstruction, or apply medication |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| test for patency of the uterine tubes made by transuterine insufflation with carbon dioxide, also called Rubin test |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| visual examination of the vagina and cervix with an optical magnifying instrument (colposcope) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| visual examination of the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope through one or more small incisions in the abdominal wall, usually at the umbilicus |
|
|
Term
| chorionic villus sampling (CVS) |
|
Definition
| sampling of placental tissues for prenatal diagnosis of potential genetic defects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| removal of a sample of uterine endometrium for microscopic study |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cytological study used to detect abnormal cells sloughed from the cervix and vagina, usually obtained during routine pelvic examination |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| radiographic examination of the breast to screen for breast cancer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| radiography of the uterus and uterine tubes (oviducts) following injection of a contrast medium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process by which high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) produce and display an image from reflected "echoes" on a monitor; also called ultrasound, sonography, and echo |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| US of the pelvic region used to evaluate abnormalities in the female reproductive system as well as the fetus in the obstetric patient |
|
|
Term
| transvaginal ultrasonography |
|
Definition
| US of the pelvic area performed with a probe inserted into the vagina, which provides sharper images of pathological and normal structures within the pelvis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surgery designed to correct an unsuccessful procedure that has created a cosmetic problem or poses a health risk |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| suturing the cervix to prevent it from dilating prematurely during pregnancy, thus decreasing the chance of a spontaneous abortion; the sutures are removed prior to delivery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| incision of the abdomen and uterus to remove the fetus; also called C-section |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surgical closure of the vaginal canal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excision of a cone-shaped piece of tissue, such as mucosa of the cervix, for histological examination |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sampling of fetal blood drawn from the umbilical vein and performed under ultrasound guidance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process of freezing tissue to destroy cells; also called cryocautery |
|
|
Term
| dilatation and curettage (D&C) |
|
Definition
| widening of the cervical canal with a dilator and scraping of the uterine endometrium with a curette |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| repair of lacerated vulva or an episiotomy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| incision of the perineum from the vaginal orifice usually done to prevent tearing of the tissue and to facilitate childbirth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hysterectomy where the cervix, ovaries, and fallopian tubes remain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hysterectomy where the cervix is removed but the ovaries and fallopian tubes remain; also called complete hysterectomy |
|
|
Term
| total plus bilateral salpingooophorectomy hysterectomy |
|
Definition
| total (complete) hysterectomy, including uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes, and ovaries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| plastic or metal object placed inside the uterus to prevent implantation of a fertilized egg in the uterine lining |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excision of a small primary breast tumor (a "lump") and some of the normal tissue that surrounds it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surgical reconstruction of the breast(s) to change the size, shape, or pisition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| breast enlargement to increase breast size or to replace one that has been surgically removed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| breast reduction to reduce the size of a large, pendulous breast |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excision of the entire breast |
|
|
Term
| total (simple) mastectomy |
|
Definition
| excision of the entire breast, nipple, areola, and the involved overlying skin |
|
|
Term
| modified radical mastectomy |
|
Definition
| excision of the entire breast, including the lymph nodes in the underarm (axillary dissection) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excision of the entire breast, all underarm lymph nodes, and chest wall muscles under the breast |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excision of a myomatous tumor, generally uterine |
|
|
Term
| reconstructive breast surgery |
|
Definition
| reconstruction of a breast that has been removed because of cancer or other disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| common breast reconstruction technique in which a balloon expander is inserted beneath the skin and chest muscle, saline solution is gradually injected to increase size, and the expander is then replaced with a more permanent implant |
|
|
Term
| transverse rectus abdominis muscle (TRAM) flap |
|
Definition
| surgical creation of a skin flap using skin and fat from the lower half of the abdomen which is passed under the skin to the breast area; the abdominal tissue (flap) is shaped into a natural-looking breast and sutured into place |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excision of an ovary and fallopian tube |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| procedure that ties (ligates) the fallopian tubes to prevent pregnancy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| treat vaginal yeast infection by altering the yeast cell membrane or the interfering with a metabolic process; includes miconazole and nystatin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| treat symptoms of menopause (hot flashes, vaginal dryness, fatigue) through hormone replacement therapy (HRT) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prevent ovulation; includes desogestrel/ethinyl estradiol and ethinyl estradiol/norgestrel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| induce labor at term by increasing the strength and frequency of uterine contractions; includes oxytocin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| terminate pregnancy; includes dinoprostone and mifepristone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chemically destroy sperm by creating a highly acidic environment in the uterus; includes nonoxynol 9 and octoxynol 9 |
|
|
