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| head, eyes, ears, nose and throat |
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| history of present illness |
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| pupils equal, round, and reactive to light and accommodation |
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| sharp; having intense, often severe symptoms and short comings |
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| condition that develops slowly over a period of time |
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| gradual deterioration of normal cells and body functions |
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| any disease in which deterioration of the structure or function of tissue occurs |
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| determination of the presence of a disease |
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| study of the cause of a disease |
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| increase in the severity of a disease |
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| a period in which symptoms and signs stop or abate |
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| condition occurring without a clearly identified cause |
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| limited to a definite area or part |
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| relating to the whole body rather than to only a part |
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| feeling of uneasiness or discomfort; often the first indication of an illness |
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| the state of being subject to death |
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| foreknowledge; prediction of the likely outcome of a disease |
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| pertaining to the advance of a condition as the signs and symptoms increase in severity |
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| process or measure that prevents disease |
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| disorder or condition usually resulting form a previous disease or injury |
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| mark; objective evidence of disease that can be seen by an examiner |
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| subjective evidence of disease that is perceived by the patient and often noted in their words |
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| not involved in bringing on the condition of result |
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| common; not out of the ordinary of significant |
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| well-developed and well-nurished |
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| derm/o, dermat/o, cutane/o |
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| cells covering external and internal surfaces of the body |
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| thin outer layer of the skin |
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| flat, scale-like epithelial cells comprising the outermost epidermis |
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| deepest layer of epidermis |
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| cell in the basal layer that gives color to the skin |
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| dark brown to black pigment contained in melanocytes |
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| dense, fibrous connective tissue layer of the skin, also known as corium |
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| oily substance secreted by the sebaceous glands |
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| connective and adipose tissue layer just under the dermis |
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| protein substance in skin and connective tissue |
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| outgrowth of the skin composed of keratin |
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| outgrowth of the skin, composed of keratin, at the end of each finger and toe |
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| hard protein material found in the epidermis, hair and nails |
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| an area of pathologically altered tissue; the two types of lesions are primary and secondary |
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| lesions arising from previously normal skin |
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| flat, discolored spot on the skin up to 1 cm across |
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| flat, discolored area on the skin larger than 1 cm |
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| a solid mass on the skin up to 0.5 cm in diameter |
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| a solid mass greater than 1 cm in diameter and limited to the surface of the skin |
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| a solid mass greater than 1 cm that extends deeper into the epidermis |
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| a solid mass larger than 1-2 cm |
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| an area of localized skin edema |
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| little bladder' an elevated, fluid-filled sac within or under the epidermis up to 0.5 cm in diameter |
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| a blister larger than 0.5 cm |
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| lesions that result in changes in primary lesions |
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| gnawed away; loss of superficial epidermis, leaving an area of moisture but no bleeding |
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| an open sore on the skin or mucous membrane that can bleed and scar; sometimes accompanied by infection |
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| a linear crack in the skin |
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| thin flake of exfoliated epidermis |
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| a dried residue or serum, pus, blood, on the skin |
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| lesions of a blood vessel |
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| a small, round, bright red blood vessel tumor on the skin, often on the trunk of the elderly |
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| telangiectasia (spider angioma) |
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Definition
| tiny, red blood vessel lesion formed by the dilation of a group of blood vessels radiating from a central arteriole, most commonly on the face, neck or chest |
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| purpura; lesions resulting from hemorrhages into the skin |
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| spot; reddish-brown, minute hemorrhagic spots on the skin that indicate a bleeding tendency; a small purpura |
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| bruise; a black and blue mark; a large purpura |
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| a mark left by the healing of a sore or wound, showing the replacement of destroyed tissue by fibrous tissue |
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| an abnormal overgrowth of scar tissue that is thick and irregular |
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| skin tumors arising from the epidermis |
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| a congenital malformation on the skin that can be epidermal or vascular; also called a mole |
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| a mole with precancerous changes |
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| an epidermal tumor caused by a papilloma virus, called a wart |
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| baldness; natural or unnatural deficiency of hair |
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| plug of sebum within the opening of a hair follicle |
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| comedo below the skin surface, with a white center (whitehead) |
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| comedo open to the skin surface, with a black center caused by the presence of melanin exposed to air (blackhead) |
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| appearance of a skin lesion |
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| general term for skin eruption, most often associated with communicable disease |
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| skin color resulting from the presence of melanin |
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| loss of melanin pigment in the skin |
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| areas of skin lacking color because of deficient amounts of melanin |
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| darkened areas of skin caused by excessive amounts of melanin |
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| production of purulent matter |
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| hives; an eruption of wheals on the skin accompanied by itching |
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| inflammation of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles of the skin, evidenced by comedones, pustules, or nodules on the skin |
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| hereditary condition characterized by a partial or total lack of melanin pigment |
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| injury to body tissue caused by heat, chemicals, electricity, radiation or gases |
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| burn involving only the epidermis |
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| burn involving the epidermis and the dermis |
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| burn involving all three layers of the skin |
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| inflammation of the skin characterized by erythema, pruritus and various lesions |
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| an eruption of the skin caused by a viral disease |
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| to boil out; often used interchangeably with dermatitis to demote a skin condition characterized by the appearance of inflamed, swollen papules and vesicles that crust and scale, often with sensations of itching and burning |
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| boil; a painful nodule formed in the skin by inflammation originating in a hair follicle; caused by staphylococcosis |
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| a skin infection consisting of clusters of furuncles |
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| localized collection of pus in a cavity formed by the inflammation of surrounding tissues, which heals when drained or excised |
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| an eating sore; death of tissue associated with lose of blood supply |
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| herpes simplex virus type 1 |
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Definition
| transient viral vesicles that infect the facial area, especially the mouth and nose |
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Term
| herpes simplex virus type 2 |
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Definition
| sexually transmitted, ulcer-like lesions of the genital and anorectal skin and mucosa; after initial infection, the virus lies dormant in the nerve cell root and may recur at times of stress |
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| a viral disease affecting the peripheral nerves characterized by painful blisters that spread over the skin following affected nerves, usually unilateral; also known as shingles |
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Definition
| highly contagious, bacterial skin inflammation marked by pustules that rupture and become crusted, most often around the mouth and nostrils |
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| thickened area of epidermis |
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Definition
| localized thickening of the skin caused by excessive exposure to sunlight, a known precursor to cancer |
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| benign, wart-like tumors; more common on elderly skin |
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Definition
| chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of various parts of the body |
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Definition
| limited to the skin; evidenced by a characteristic rash, especially on the face, neck and scalp |
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Term
| systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) |
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Definition
| a more severe form of lupus involving the skin, joints, and often vital organs |
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Term
| malignant cutaneous neoplasm |
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Definition
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Term
| squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) |
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Definition
| malignant tumor of the squamous epithelium |
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| basal cell carcinoma (BCC) |
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Definition
| malignant tumor of the basal layer of the epidermis; the most common type of skin cancer |
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| malignant tumor composed of melanocytes |
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Definition
| malignant tumor of the walls of blood vessels, appearing as painless, dark bluish-purple plaques on the skin; often spreads to the lymph nodes and internal organs; commonly seen in patients with HIV/AIDS |
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Definition
| inflammation of the fingernail or toenail |
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| inflammation of the nail fold |
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| infestation with lice that causes itching and dermatitis |
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| lice that generally infect the pubic region and sometimes also hair of the axilla, eyebrows, eyelashes, beard, or other hairy body surfaces; also known as crabs |
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Definition
| itching; a chronic, recurrent skin disease marked by silvery scales covering red patches, papules and plaques on the skin that result from overproduction and thickening of skin cells; common sites of involvement are the elbows, knees, genitals, arms, legs, scalp and nails |
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Definition
| a contagious disease caused by a parasite that invades the skin, causing an intense itch, most often at articulations between the fingers or toes, elbows, etc |
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Definition
| skin condition marked by the hypersecretion of sebum from the sebaceous glands |
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Definition
| a group of fungal skin diseases identified by the body part affected, including tinea corporis, commonly called ringworm and tinea pedis, also called athlete's foot |
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Definition
| condition caused by the destruction of melanin that results in the appearance of white patches on the skin |
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Definition
| removal of a small piece of tissue for microscopic pathologic examination |
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Definition
| removal of an entire lesion |
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| removal of a selected portion of a lesion |
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| technique using a surgical blade to shave tissue from the epidermis and upper dermis |
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| culture and sensitivity (C&S) |
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Definition
| technique of isolating and growing colonies of microorganisms to identify a pathogen and to determine which drugs might be effective for combating the infection it has caused |
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| surgical technique that involves cutting a thin piece of tissue from a frozen specimen for immediate pathologic examination |
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| methods for determining the reaction of the body to a given substance by applying it to, or injecting it into, the skin; commonly used in treating allergies |
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Definition
| test in which a substance is applied to the skin through a scratch |
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Definition
| test in which a substance is applied topically to the skin on a small piece of blotting paper or wet cloth |
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Definition
| removal of tissue after it has been destroyed by chemical means |
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| technique for restoring wrinkled, scarred, or blemished skin by applying an acid solution to peel away the top layers of the skin |
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Definition
| destruction of tissue by freezing with application of an extremely cold chemical |
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Definition
| surgical removal of epidermis frozen by aerosol spray using wire brushes and emery papers to remove scars, tattoos, and wrinkles |
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Definition
| removal of dead tissue from a wound or burn site to promote healing and to prevent infection |
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Definition
| cleaning; scraping a wound using a spoon-like cutting instrument called a curette; used for debridement |
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| electrosurgical procedures |
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Definition
| use of electric current to destroy tissue; the type and strength of the current and method of application vary |
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Definition
| use of an instrument heated by electric current to coagulate bleeding areas by burning the tissue |
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Definition
| use of high-frequency electric currents to destroy tissue by drying it; the active electrode makes direct contact with the skin lesion |
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Definition
| to lighten; use of long, high-frequency, electric sparks to destroy tissue; the active electrode does not touch the skin |
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Term
| incision and drainage (I&D) |
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Definition
| incision and drainage of an infected skin lesion |
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Definition
| an acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation |
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Definition
| surgery using a laser in various dermatologic procedures to remove lesions, scars and tattoos |
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Definition
| technique used to excise tumors of the skin by removing fresh tissue, layer by layer, until a tumor-free plane is reached |
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Definition
| transfer of skin from one body site to another to replace skin that has been lost through a burn or injury |
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Definition
| graft transfer to a new position in the body of the same person |
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Definition
| graft transfer between different species, such as from animal to human |
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Definition
| donor transfer between persons of the same species, such as human to human |
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Definition
| treatment of malignancies, infections and other diseases with chemical agents that destroy selected cells or impair their ability to reproduce |
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Definition
| treatment of neoplastic disease using ionizing radiation to deter the proliferation of malignant cells |
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Definition
| use of sclerosing agents in treating diseases |
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Definition
| uses of ultraviolet light to promote healing of a skin lesion |
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Definition
| drugs that temporarily blocks transmission of nerve conduction to produce a loss of sensations |
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Definition
| drugs that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms |
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Definition
| drug that kills or prevents the growth of fungi |
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Definition
| drug that blocks the effects of histamine in the body |
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Definition
| regulating body substance released in excess during allergic reactions, causing swelling and inflammation of tissues |
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Definition
| drug that reduces inflammation |
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Definition
| drug that relieves itching |
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Definition
| agent that inhibits the growth of infectious microorganisms |
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| bone marrow or spinal cord |
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| pelvis (basin) or hip bone |
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| rod-shaped or striated (skeletal) |
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| bones of the shoulder, pelvis, and upper and lower extremities |
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Definition
| bones of the skull, vertebral column, chest, and hyoid bone (U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue) |
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| specialized connective tissue composed of osteocytes (bone cells); forms the skeleton |
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| tightly solid bone tissue that forms the exterior of bones |
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| spongy bone, cancellous bone |
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Definition
| mesh-like bone tissue found in the interior of bones, and surrounding the medullary cavity |
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| bones of the arms and legs |
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| bones of the wrist and ankles |
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| bones of the ribs, shoulder blades, pelvis and skull |
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| bones of the vertebrae and face |
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| round bones found near joints |
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| growth zone between the epiphysis and the diaphysis during development of a long bone |
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| membrane lining the medullary cavity of a bone |
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Definition
| cavity within the shaft of the long bones; filled with bone marrow |
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Definition
| soft connective tissue within the medullary cavity of bones |
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Definition
| functions to form red blood cells, some white blood cells, and platelets; found in the cavities of most bones in infants and in the flat bones in adults |
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Definition
| gradually replaces red bone marrow in adult bones; functions as storage for fat tissue and is inactive in the formation of the blood cells |
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Definition
| a fibrous, vascular membrane that covers the bone |
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Definition
| a gristle-like substance on bones where they articulate |
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Term
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Definition
| a joint; the point where two bones come together |
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Definition
| fibrous sac between certain tendons and bones that is lined with a synovial membrane that secretes synovial fluid |
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Definition
| flat, plate-like structure composed of fibrocartilaginous tissue between the vertebrae that reduces friction |
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Definition
| the soft, fibrocartilaginous, central potion of intervertebral disk |
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Definition
| flexible band of fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone |
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Definition
| membrane lining the capsule of a joint |
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Definition
| joint-lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane |
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Definition
| tissue composed of fibers that can contract, causing movement of an organ or part of the body |
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Term
| striated muscle, skeletal muscle |
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Definition
| voluntary muscle attached to the skeleton |
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Definition
| involuntary muscle found in internal organs |
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Definition
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Definition
| muscle end attached to the bone that does not move when the muscle contracts |
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Definition
| muscle end attached to the bone that moves when the muscle contracts |
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Definition
| band of fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone |
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Term
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Definition
| band of sheet of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports, and separates muscle |
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Term
| anatomic, anatomical position |
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Definition
| term or reference that health professions use when noting body planes, positions or directions: the person is assumed to be standing upright, facing forward, feet pointed forward and slightly apart, with arms at the sides and palms facing forward; the patient is visualized in this pose when applying any other term or reference |
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Term
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Definition
| reference planes for indicating the location or direction of body parts |
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Term
| coronal plane, frontal plane |
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Definition
| vertical division of the body into front and back portions |
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Term
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Definition
| vertical division of the body into right and left portions |
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Definition
| horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions |
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| from front to back, as in reference to the direction of an x-ray beam |
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Definition
| from back to front, as in reference to the direction of an x-ray beam |
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Definition
| situated above another structure, toward the head |
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Term
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Definition
| situated below another structure, away from the head |
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Term
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Definition
| toward the beginning or origin of a structure; for example, the proximal aspect of the femur is the area closet to wear it attaches to the hip |
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Term
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Definition
| away from the beginning or origin of a structure; for example, the distal aspect of the femur is the area at the end of the bone near the knee |
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Definition
| toward the middle (midline) |
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Definition
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| the imaginary line that runs through the center of the body or a body part |
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| lying down, especially in a bed; lateral decubitus is lying on the side |
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| horizontal recumbent; lying flat on the back |
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Definition
| bending at the join so that the angle between the bones is decreased |
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Term
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Definition
| straightening at the joint so that the angle between the bones is increased |
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Definition
| movement away from the body |
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Definition
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Definition
| circular movement around an axis |
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Definition
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Definition
| turning of the palmar surface or plantar surface upward or forward |
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Term
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Definition
| turning of the palmar surface or plantar surface downward or backward |
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Term
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Definition
| bending of the foot or the toes upward |
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Term
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Definition
| bending of the sole of the foot by curling the toes toward the ground |
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Term
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Definition
| total motion possible in a joint, described by the terms related to body movements; measured in degrees |
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Definition
| instrument used to measure joint agles |
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| grating sound sometimes made by the movement of a joint or broken bones |
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Definition
| projection arising from a bone that develops from cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
| flabby, relaxed, or having defective or absent muscle tone |
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Term
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Definition
| increase in the size of tissue, such as muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| reduced muscle tone or tension |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| drawing in; involuntary contraction of muscle |
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Definition
| uncontrolled contractions of skeletal muscles, causing stiff and awkward movements |
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Definition
| tension; prolonged, continuous muscle contraction |
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Definition
| shaking; rhythmic muscular movement |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the joints characterized by pain, swelling, redness, warmth, and limitation of a motion; there are more than 100 different types of arthritis |
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Term
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Definition
| most common form of arthritis, especially affecting the weight-bearing joints, characterized by the erosion of articular cartilage |
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Term
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA) |
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Definition
| most crippling from of arthritis; characterized by chronic, systemic inflammation, most often affecting joints and synovial membranes and causing ankylosis and deformity |
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Term
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Definition
| acute attacks of arthritis, usually in a single joint, caused by hyperuricemia |
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Term
| bony necrosis, sequestrum |
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Definition
| bone tissue that has died from loss of blood supply, such as can occur after a fracture |
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Definition
| swelling of the joint at the base of the great toe caused by inflammation of the bursa |
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Definition
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Definition
| inflammation of the epiphyseal regions of the long bone |
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Definition
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Definition
| broken bone with no open wound |
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Term
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Definition
| compound fracture; broken bone with an open wound |
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Term
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Definition
| nondisplaced fracture with one fracture line that does not require extensive treatment to repair |
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Definition
| displaced fracture that requires manipulation or surgery to repair |
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Term
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Definition
| line of the break in a broken bone |
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Definition
| broken in many small pieces |
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Term
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Definition
| ending and incomplete break of a bone; most often seen in children |
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Definition
| protrusion of a degenerated or fragmented intervertebral disk so that the nucleus pulposus protrudes, causing compression on the nerve root |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| malignant smooth muscle tumor |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| malignant skeletal muscle tumor |
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Term
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Definition
| category of genetically transmitted disease characterized by progressive atrophy of skeletal muscles; Duchenne type is most common |
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Definition
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Definition
| type of malignant bone tumor |
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Term
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Definition
| disease marked by softening of the bone caused by calcium and vitamin D deficiency |
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Term
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Definition
| osteomalacia in children; causes bone deformity |
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Term
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Definition
| infection of bone and bone marrow, causing inflammation |
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Term
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Definition
| condition of decreased bone density and increased porosity, causing bones to become brittle and to fracture more easily |
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Term
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Definition
| curvatures of the spine or spinal column |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal posterior curvature of the thoracic spine |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal lateral curvature of the spine (S-shaped curve) |
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Term
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Definition
| forward slipping of a lumbar vertebra |
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Term
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Definition
| stiff, immobile condition of vertebrae caused by joint degeneration |
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Term
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Definition
| injury to a ligament caused by joint trauma but without joint dislocation or fracture |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| neurodiagnostic, graphic record of the electrical activity of muscle both rest and during contraction; used to diagnose neuromusculoskeletal disorders; usually performed by a neurologist |
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Term
| magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
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Definition
| nonionizing imaging technique using magnetic fields and radiofrequency waves to visualize anatomic structures; useful in orthopedic studies to detect joint, tendon, and vertebral disk disorders |
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Term
| nuclear medicine imaging, radionuclide organ imaging |
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Definition
| ionizing imaging technique using radioactive isotopes |
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Term
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Definition
| nuclear scan of bone tissue to detect a tumor, malignancy |
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Term
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Definition
| imaging modality using x-rays; commonly used in orthopedics to visualize the extremities, ribs, back, shoulders, and joints |
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Term
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Definition
| radiograph of a joint taken after the injection of a contrast medium |
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Term
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Definition
| specialized x-ray procedure producing a series of cross-sectional images that are processed by a computer into a two-dimensional or three-dimensional image |
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Term
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Definition
| ultrasound imaging; nonionizing technique that is useful in orthopedics to visualize muscles, ligaments, displacements, and dislocations or to guide a therapeutic intervention, such as that performed during arthroscopy |
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Term
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Definition
| partial or complete removal of a limb |
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Term
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Definition
| puncture for aspiration of a joint |
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Term
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Definition
| binding or fusing of joint surfaces |
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Term
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Definition
| repair or reconstuction of a joint |
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Term
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Definition
| procedure sing an arthroscope to examine, diagnose and repair a joint from within |
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Term
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Definition
| transplantation of a piece of bone from one site to another to repair a skeletal defect |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| open reduction, internal fixation (ORIF) |
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Definition
| internal surgical repair of a fracture by bringing bones back into alignment and fixing them in place with devices such as plates, screws and pins |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| division of a tendon by incision to repair a deformity caused by shortening of a muscle |
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Term
| closed reduction, external fixation of a structure |
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Definition
| external manipulation of a fracture to regain alignment along with application of an external device to protect and hold the bone in place while healing |
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Term
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Definition
| use of a stiff, solid dressing around a limb or other body part to immobilize it during healing |
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Term
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Definition
| used of a rigid device to immobilize or restrain a broke bone or injured body part; provides less support than a cast, but can be adjusted more easily to accommodate swelling from an injury |
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Term
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Definition
| application of a pulling force to a fractured bone or dislocated joint to maintain proper position during healing |
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Term
| closed reduction, percutaneous fixation of a fracture |
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Definition
| external manipulation of a fracture to regain alignment, followed by insertion of one or more pins through the skin to maintain position; often includes use of an external device called a fixator to keep the fracture immobilized during healing |
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Term
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Definition
| use of an orthopedic appliance to maintain a bone's position or to provide limb support |
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Term
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Definition
| treatment to rehabilitate patients disabled by illness or injury; involves many different modalities, such as exercise, hydrotherapy, diathermy, and ultrasound |
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Term
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Definition
| an artificial replacement for a missing body part or a device used to improve a body function, such as an artificial limb, hip, or joint |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| potent analgesic with addictive properties |
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Term
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Definition
| drug that reduces inflammation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) |
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Definition
| group of drugs with analgesic, antiinflammatory, and antipyretic properties commonly used to treat arthritis |
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