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| Transports substances throughout body which are substances that are attached to red blood cells or dissolved in plasma |
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| Function of blood - white blood cells |
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| Fight infection and disease |
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| Function of blood - platelets |
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| Initiate blood clotting process |
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| Components of blood cells |
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| Formed elements are erythrocytes, platelets, and leukocytes with plasma. |
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| more than normal number of cells |
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| Average adult has about how much blood? |
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| How does blood circulate within the body? |
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| Where are blood cells produced? |
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| Process of producing blood cells. |
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| Blood is a mixture of cells floating in a fluid called. |
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| Blood cells are called ______ _______. |
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| Red blood cells are called ___ |
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| White blood cells are called _____ |
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| Cells responsible for the coagulation of blood. |
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| About 55% of whole blood, 90-92% water, with remaining 8-10% dissolved substances |
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| Albumin-helps transport fatty substances, globulin-gamma golbulins are antibodies, and fibrinogen-blood clotting. Addistional important subsstances are calcium, potassium, glucose, amino acids, fats, urea, and creatinine |
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| Called eryhrocytes, enculeated (no nucleus), biconcave disk, 5 million per cubic millimeter of blood, and each adult has 35 trillion; typically more in males than females |
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| Life span of erythrocytes |
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| 120 days, liver and spleen remove worn out ones, iron can be reused, and bilirubin is waste product disposed of by liver |
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| Gives red color to blood, pigment contains iron, and responsible for oxygen transport |
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| Also called leukocytes, spherical shape with large nucleus, and about 8,000 per cubic millimeter of blood |
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| Leukocytes provide protects against ____ |
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| pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, ad foreign material |
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| Leukocytes are divided into two categories. |
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| Granulocytes and Agranulocytes |
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| Are leukocytes that have granules in cytoplasm |
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| Are Leukocytes that have no granules in cytoplasm |
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| Granulocytes are ____, ____. and ____ |
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| Basophils, Eosinophils, and Neutrophils. |
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| Are granulocytes leukocytes that release histamine and heparin to damaged tissue |
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| Are granulocytes leukocytes that destroy parasites and increase during allergic reaction |
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| Are granulocytes leukocytes that are important for phagocytosis |
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| Agranulocy include _____ and ____ |
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| Include monocytes and lymphocytes |
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| Are agranulocyte leukocytes that are important for phagocytosis |
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| Are agranulocyte leukocytes that provide protection through immunity |
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| An older term is thrombocyte, they are the smallest of all blood elements, plate-like fragments of larger cells and there are about 200,000-300,000 per cubic millimeter |
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| Are critical in blood clotting (hemostasis), they aggregate into small clusters when blood vessel is damaged and thromboplastin converts prothrombin into thrombin (thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin and results in formation of mesh-like blood clot |
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| Each person's blood is different from others' due to presence of marker proteins (antigens) on surface of erythrocytes. |
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| Must do blood typing before blood transfusion to determine if donated blood is compatible with recipient's blood |
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| There are many different blood markers two of the most important ones for transfusions are ABO system and Rh factor |
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| There are two possible RBC markers (antigens), A and B. |
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| Person with A marker has this type of blood this one produces anti-B antibodies and the Anti-B antibodies attack type B and type AB blood |
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| Person with B marker has this type of blood this one produces anti-A antibodies and the Anti-A antibodies attack type A and type AB blood |
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| Person with no markers produces anti-A & anti-B antibodies, these antibodies will attack type A, type B, and type AB blood. |
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| The type blood produces no antibodies and therefore it will not attack any other blood types |
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| Because type O blood does not have either marker A or B, it will not react with anti-A or anti-B antibodies found in other blood types. In an extreme emergency, type O blood may be given to a person with any other blood type. |
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| Because a person with type AB blood has no antibodies against other blood types, it will not react with other blood. In an extreme emergency, a person with type AB may receive any type of blood |
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| A person with this factor on red blood cells is Rh-positive (Rh+) Will not make anti-Rh antibodies. |
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| Rh-negative (Rh-)(Rh factor) |
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| This is a person without Rh factor. Will produce anti-Rh antibodies if exposed. |
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| Rh factor in transfusions |
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| Rh+ person may receive either Rh+ or Rh- transfusion, but Rh- person can receive only Rh- blood. This has important implications during pregnancy. |
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| a- granul/o (agranulocyte) |
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| erythr/o (erythrocytosis) |
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| thromb/o (thrombocytosis) |
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| pan- -cyt/o (pancytopenia) |
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| erythr/o (erythropoiesis) |
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| clotting (cell) producing |
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| hard collection of fibrin, blood cells, and tissue debris; end result of hemostasis |
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| to convert a liquid to a solid; as in blood clotting |
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| general term for disease affecting blood |
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| branch of medicine specializing in blood conditions; physician is a hematologist |
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| collection of blood under skin as a result of blood escaping into tissue from damaged blood vessels |
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| to stop bleeding or stagnation of blood flow through tissues |
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| transfusion of only blood cells without plasma |
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| mixture of both plasma and formed elements |
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| genetic disorder; blood fails to clot due to lack of one clotting factor |
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| excessive level of lipids in the blood stream; risk factor for atherosclerosis |
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| having bacteria or their toxins in the bloodstream; also called blood poisoning |
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| group of conditions characterized by a reduction in number of RBCs or the amount of hemoglobin; results in less oxygen reaching tissues |
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| severe anemia in which red bone marrow stops making sufficient blood cells; may require bone marrow transplant |
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| results from excessive loss of RBCs |
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| destruction of RBCs when patient receives mismatched blood transfusion |
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| results from insufficient amount of hemoglobin in RBCs; unable to transport sufficient oxygen |
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| results from insufficient amount of iron to make hemoglobin for RBCs |
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| insufficient absorption of vitamin B12; unable to make enough RBCs |
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| condition of having too many RBCs; blood is too thick and flows sluggishly |
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| genetic disorder where RBCs take on abnormal sickle shape; become more fragile leading to hemolytic anemia |
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| genetic disorder where unable to produce functioning hemoglobin |
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| cancer of white blood cell-forming portion of red bone marrow; results in large number of abnormal and immature WBCs circulating in blood stream |
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| blood culture & sensitivity (C&S) |
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| blood is incubated to identify infecting bacteria and then test determine best antibiotic to use |
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| complete blood count (CBC) |
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| set of blood tests; RBC count, WBC count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell differential, and platelet count |
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| erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) |
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| determines rate at which RBCs settle in a test tube; indicates presence of inflammation in body |
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| hematocrit (HCT, Hct, crit) |
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| measures amount of hemoglobin present |
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| determines number of platelets |
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| prothrombin time (Pro time, PT) |
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| measures how long needed for blood to coagulate and form a clot |
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| red blood cell count (RBC) |
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| red blood cell morphology |
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| examines RBCs for abnormalities in shape |
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| sequential multiple analyzer computer (SMAC) |
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| machine for doing multiple blood chemistry tests automatically |
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| white blood cell count (WBC) |
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| measures number of leukocytes |
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| white blood cell differential (diff) |
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| determines the number of each type of WBC |
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| sample of bone marrow removed aspiration and examined for diseases such as leukemia and aplastic anemia |
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| incision into vein in order to withdraw blood for testing; also called venipuncture |
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| collection and storage of patient's own blood prior to actual need |
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| artificial transfer of blood into the bloodstream |
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| bone marrow transplant (BMT) |
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| patient receives red bone marrow from donor after patient's own bone marrow has been destroyed |
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| replacement blood with blood from another person |
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| removal of whole blood, separation of plasma from formed elements; formed elements returned to patient with donor plasma transfusion |
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| prevents blood clot formation |
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| interferes with action of platelets |
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| increases number of RBCs and hemoglobin |
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| acute lymphocytic leukemia |
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| acute myelogenous leukemia |
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| chronic lymphocytic leukemia |
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| chronic myelogenous leukemia |
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| erythrocyte sedimentation rate |
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