Term
|
Definition
| In respiration, the exchange of gases in the alveolar-capillary beds |
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Term
|
Definition
| In respiration, the process by which air moves through the respiratory tract |
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Term
|
Definition
| A motile extension of a cell surface, of certain epithelial cells, containing nine longitudinal double microtubules arranged in a peripheral ring, together with a central pair |
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Term
|
Definition
| Motor nerve of the diaphragm |
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Term
|
Definition
| A chest with increased anteroposterior diameter, seen in emphysema |
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Term
|
Definition
| Condition in which the chest is abnormally depressed; also called funnel chest |
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Term
|
Definition
| Condition in which the chest is abnormally prominent; also called pigeon chest |
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Term
|
Definition
| Difficulty in breathing, labored breathing, or shortness of breath; causes include certain heart conditions, strenuous exercise, or anxiety |
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Term
|
Definition
| Rapid breathing; <24 breaths/minute |
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Term
| Hyperpnea or Hyperventilation |
|
Definition
| Rapid breathing with very large breaths; >24 breaths/minute |
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Term
|
Definition
| Shortness of breath while lying down |
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Term
|
Definition
| Deep, rapid, sighing breaths characterized by diabetic ketoacidosis |
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Term
|
Definition
| Absence of spontaneous respiration |
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Term
| Cheyne-Stokes Respiration |
|
Definition
| Breathing pattern characterized by periods of apnea |
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Term
|
Definition
| Vibration palpated with the hand on the chest during vocal fremitus |
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Term
|
Definition
Process of assessing sounds transmitted through the organs and cavities of the body
A) Direct: involves lightly striking the chest with the ulnar aspect of the fist
B) Indirect: involves the finger of the one hand acting as the hammer, striking the finger of the other hand that is resting on the area of the chest being percussed |
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Term
|
Definition
| A technique used to listen to the sounds of the heart, lungs, blood vessels, and other internal organs; most commonly done with stethoscope |
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Term
|
Definition
| Used to hear low-pitched sounds |
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Term
|
Definition
| Used to hear high-pitched sounds |
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Term
|
Definition
| Normal breath sounds include: bronchial, bronchiovesicular, and vesicular breath sounds |
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Term
|
Definition
| Predominantly expiratory sound that is loud and high-pitched |
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Term
| Bronchivesicular Breath Sounds |
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Definition
| Medium pitch and moderate intensity; inspiratory and expiratory phases are equal |
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Term
|
Definition
| Soft sounds, low-pitched noises; involves mostly inpiration |
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Term
|
Definition
| Functional tissue or cells of an organ |
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Term
| Adventitious Breath Sounds |
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Definition
| abnormal breath sounds superimposed over normal breath sounds; crackles, rhonchi, wheezes, and pleural friction rubs |
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Term
|
Definition
| low-pitched, sonorous wheeze |
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Term
|
Definition
| adventitious breath sound, pronounced during expiration; can be high-pitched, musical noises in smaller airways or low-pitched in larger airways |
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Term
|
Definition
| loud, high-pitched breath sounds; expiration |
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Term
|
Definition
| friction encountered in moving one body part over another |
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Term
|
Definition
| adventitious breath sound that occurs as a result of disruption of airflow in the smaller airways, usually by fluid; also known as rales |
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Term
|
Definition
| high-pitched sound caused by obstruction in the larynx or trachea |
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Term
|
Definition
| acute viral infection of the upper and lower respiratory tract |
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Term
|
Definition
| increased intensity and clarity of vocal resonance due to increased density of lung tissue |
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Term
|
Definition
| altered voice sound in a patient with pleural effusion |
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Term
|
Definition
| productive cough of sputum that may contain blood |
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Term
|
Definition
| making pulmonary measurements with a spirometer |
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Term
|
Definition
| a portable device for measuring and displaying the highest level of expiratory flow produced by a patient |
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Term
| Refractory Period of Exercise Induced Asthma |
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Definition
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Term
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) |
|
Definition
| condition characterized by decreased capacity of the lungs to perform inspiratory and expiratory functions |
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Term
|
Definition
| Reduction or absence of air in part or all of a lung, with resulting loss of lung volume |
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Term
|
Definition
| diagnosis given to any condition that results in inflammation of the lung parenchyma |
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Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the lining of the lungs |
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Term
|
Definition
| presence of air or gas in the pleural space, causing the lung to collapse |
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Term
|
Definition
| a gasometer used for measuring respiratory gases |
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Term
|
Definition
| flapping chest wall; condition in which three or more consecutive ribs on the same side of the chest have been fractured in at least two places, with resulting instability of the chest wall |
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Term
|
Definition
| an abnormal condition of the pulmonary system characterized by overinflation of the alveoli and destructive changes in the alveolar wall |
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Term
|
Definition
| an inflammatory disease of the lungs characterized by reversible inflammation and narrowing of the airway |
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Term
| Exercise Induced Bronchospasm |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bronchial tubes |
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Term
|
Definition
| acute or chronic inflammation of the sinus with or without purulent drainage |
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Term
|
Definition
| collection of blood in the pleural cavity of the thorax |
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Term
|
Definition
| the accumulation of air pressure under the pleural cavity |
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Term
|
Definition
| a shrinking, drawing back, or pulling apart |
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Term
|
Definition
| surgical procedure that perforates the chest wall or pleural space to aspirate fluid for diagnosis or treatment purposes |
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Term
|
Definition
| acute infectious respiratory disease |
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Term
|
Definition
| ribonucleic acid-based virus that causes acute respiratory illness |
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Term
|
Definition
| medium-sized virus that can cause an upper respiratory infection as well as gastrointestinal infection |
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Term
|
Definition
| chronic granulomatous infection transmitted by inhalation or ingestion of infected droplets that usually affect the lungs |
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Term
|
Definition
| antimicrobial medication that prevents the spread of pathogens from one area of the body to another |
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Term
|
Definition
-Bleb: accumulation of fluid under the skin
-Bulla: blister of skin or tissue greater than 1cm in diameter and containing serous fluid |
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Term
|
Definition
| an accidental or arbitrary action; occurring in an inappropriate place |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| the removal and examination of tissue from a living body |
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Term
|
Definition
| two or more medical conditions that exist at the same time and may be unrelated |
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Term
|
Definition
| relating to the body as a whole |
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Term
|
Definition
| redness or inflammation of the skin or mucous membrane resulting from dilation of the superficial capillaries |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| a general feeling of discomfort or uneasiness; often the first symptom of an illness or infection |
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Term
|
Definition
| consequence of a given illness |
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Term
|
Definition
| death from a particular illness or disease |
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Term
|
Definition
| therapy designed to relieve the intensity of symptoms and support the patient; does not produce a cure |
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Term
|
Definition
| pertaining to early symptoms that indicate the onset of a disease |
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Term
|
Definition
| containing or producing pus |
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Term
|
Definition
| a condition(s) occurring as a consequence of a given illness or disease |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| the medical science, and special practice, concerned with all aspects of disease but with special reference to the essential nature, causes, and developments of abnormal conditions, as well as the structural and functional changes that result from the disease processes |
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Term
|
Definition
| the pathologic, physiologic, or biochemical mechanism resulting in the development of a disease or morbid process |
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Term
|
Definition
| study of the causes or origins of disease |
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Term
|
Definition
| objective evidence of a disease |
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Term
|
Definition
| subjective sensations of the patient |
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Term
|
Definition
| determination of the nature of a cause of a disease |
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Term
|
Definition
| prediction of the probable course and outcome of a disease |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| a brief loss of consciousness, typically caused by a lack of oxygen to the brain; fainting |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
-Heart Rate:60-100 bpm
-Blood Pressure: 115/75
-Respiration: 12-20 breathes per minute
-Temperature: 98.6 degrees F |
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Term
|
Definition
| a diagnostic procedure designed to determine the density of a part by the sound produced by tapping the surface with the finger or a plessor; performed primarily over the chest to determine presence of normal air content in the lungs and over the abdomen to evaluate air in the loops of intestine |
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Term
|
Definition
| touching, feeling, or perceiving by the sensation of touch |
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Term
|
Definition
| a technique used to listen to the sounds of the heart, lungs, blood vessels, and other internal organs; most commonly done with a stethoscope |
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Term
|
Definition
| a resting heart rate of 60 bpm or less |
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Term
|
Definition
| a resting heart rate of 100 bpm or greater |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| the use of radiographic, sonographic, and other technologies to create a graphic depiction of the body part(s) in question |
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Term
|
Definition
| testing performed to determine if someone is affected with a particular disease |
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Term
|
Definition
| An x-ray procedure that produces immediate images and motion of a screen |
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Term
|
Definition
| the study of the action of drugs on living organisms |
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Term
|
Definition
| the study of the therapeutic uses and effects of drugs |
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Term
|
Definition
| the study of the bodily absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs |
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Term
|
Definition
| to take up especially by capillary, osmotic, solvent, or chemical action |
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Term
|
Definition
| the pattern of branching and termination of a ramifying anatomical structure |
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Term
|
Definition
| have a strong affinity for water |
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Term
|
Definition
| have a strong affinity for lipids |
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Term
|
Definition
| the chemical changes in living cells by which energy is provided for vital processes and activities and new material is assimilated |
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Term
|
Definition
| The act of discharging or excreting waste products or foreign substances from the body |
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Term
|
Definition
| time for half of the drug to be absorbed |
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Term
|
Definition
-Sublingual: rich blood supply under the tongue allows for quick absorption
-Rectal: slowest route, last resort because oral is unavailable
-Oral: easiest route |
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|
Term
| Parenteral Administration |
|
Definition
-Injection/IV: direct route to administer the drug
-Inhalation: absorbed by the mucous membranes
-Topical/Transdermal: can be fast or slow |
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Term
|
Definition
| the introduction of an ionized substance (as a drug) through intact skin by the application of a direct electric current |
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Term
|
Definition
| introduction of anti-inflammatory drugs through the skin by the use of ultrasound |
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Term
|
Definition
| a chemical substance (as a drug) capable of combining with a receptor on a cell and initiating the same reaction or activity typically produced by the binding of an endogenous substance |
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Term
|
Definition
| a chemical that acts within the body to reduce the physiological activity of another chemical substance |
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Term
|
Definition
| any of various adrenal-cortex steroids (as corticosterone, cortisone, and aldosterone) that are divided on the basis of their major biological activity intoglucorticoids and mineralocorticoids |
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Term
|
Definition
| the time required for a particular specimen or prothrombin to induce blood-plasma clotting under standardized conditions in comparison with a time of between 11.5 and 12 seconds for normal human blood |
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Term
|
Definition
| any drug derived from opium or opiumlike compounds with potent analgesic effects associated with both significant alteration of mood and behavior and potential for dependence and tolerance |
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Term
|
Definition
| an anesthetic for use on a limited and usually superficial area of the body |
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Term
|
Definition
| a substance produced by or a semi-synthetic substance derived from a microorganism and able in dilute solution to inhibit or kill another microorganism |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| causes inhibition of growth of bacteria without destruction |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| causing an increase in caliber of a bronchus |
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Term
|
Definition
| any of various compounds that oppose the actions of histamine and are used especially for treating allergic reactions (as hay fever), cold symptoms, and motion sickness |
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Term
|
Definition
| agent that relieves congestion especially of mucous membranes |
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Term
|
Definition
| excess blood in body part |
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Term
|
Definition
| hypersensitivity (as to foreign proteins or drugs) resulting form sensitization following prior contact with the causative agent |
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Term
|
Definition
| interaction between two or more drugs or agents resulting in a pharmacologic response greater than the sum of individual responses to each drug or agent |
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Term
|
Definition
| the capacity of the body to endure or become less responsive to a substance |
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Term
|
Definition
| herbal therapy, use of herbs and plants for their medicinal qualities |
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Term
|
Definition
| resembling adrenaline especially in physiological action |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| an agent that promotes the discharge or expulsion of mucous from the respiratory tract |
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Term
|
Definition
| administration route under the tongue, enteral |
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Term
|
Definition
| designed for or involving application to or action on the surface of a part of the body |
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Term
|
Definition
| relating to, being, or supplying a medication in a form for absorption through the skin into the bloodstream |
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Term
|
Definition
| administered outside of the dura mater |
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Term
|
Definition
| administered between layers of skin |
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Term
|
Definition
| administered by entering a muscle |
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Term
|
Definition
| administered by entering a vein |
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|
Term
| ACE inhibitors or Angiotensin Converting Enzyme |
|
Definition
| a drug that promotes vasodilation and decreases sodium and water retention, blood pressure and heart size |
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Term
|
Definition
| a decrease in hemoglobin in the blood, falling below the normal ranges of 12 to 16 g/dl in women and 14 to 17 g/dl in men, resulting from a decrease in red blood cell production, an increase in red blood cell destruction, or loss of blood |
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Term
|
Definition
| a localized dilation of a blood vessel, usually due to an acquired or congenital weakness of the wall of the blood vessel |
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Term
|
Definition
| pain or pressure in the chest |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| narrowing of the aortic valve |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| thickening and hardening of the artery |
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Term
|
Definition
| thickening and hardening of the arterial wall marked by cholesterol-lipid-calcium deposits |
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Term
|
Definition
| a drug used to block the response to norepinephrine bound to alpha-adrenergic receptors to reduce the smooth muscle tone in peripheral circulation and a decrease in blood pressure |
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Term
|
Definition
| abnormal swishing sound or murmur heard during auscultation of the carotid artery |
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Term
|
Definition
| the product of heart rate and stroke volume; measured in liters per minute; the amount of blood that is pumped by the heart in one minute |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| disease of the myocardium; a primary disease of heart muscle in the absence of a known underlying etiology |
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Term
|
Definition
| cramping pains in the calves due to poor circulation of blood to the muscles in the leg |
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Term
|
Definition
| a condition affecting the fingers and toes in which proliferation of distal tissues, especially in the nail beds, results in thinking and widening of the extremities of the digits; the nails are abnormally curved and shiny |
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Term
|
Definition
| trauma to the chest wall that results in a disruption of the electrical impulses of the heart, may be fatal |
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Term
|
Definition
| malformation of the heart or the large blood vessels near the heart |
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Term
|
Definition
| condition marked by impaired cardiac pumping due to cardiomyopathy, ischemia, or myocardial infarction |
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Term
|
Definition
| hypertrophy of the right ventricle resulting from disease of the lungs |
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Term
|
Definition
| narrowing of the lumen of one or more of the coronary arteries, usually due to atherosclerosis |
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|
Term
| Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) |
|
Definition
| a blood clot that becomes lodged in a large vein |
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Term
|
Definition
| the destruction, neutralization, or change in direction of polarity |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| not true anemia because total hemoglobin is normal; the amount of serum has increased in these athletes and thus "diluted out" their red blood cells |
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Term
|
Definition
| breakdown of red blood cells and the release of hemoglobin |
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Term
|
Definition
| an inherited disorder of blood coagulation characterized by a permanent tendency to hemorrhage, spontaneous or traumatic, due to a defect in the blood coagulating mechanism |
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Term
|
Definition
| a device used to record prolonged electrical activity of the heart on a recorder while the patient performs activities of daily living |
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Term
|
Definition
| pain in the calf when the ankle is slowly and gently dorsiflexed (with knee bent), indicative of incipient of established thrombophlebitis in the veins of the leg |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy |
|
Definition
| condition characterized by abnormally hypertrophied left ventricle in the absence of physiological conditions; the leading cause of sudden death in the U.S. of athletes under the age of 35 |
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Term
|
Definition
| underdevelopment of a tissue or organ, usually due to a decrease in the number of cells |
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Term
|
Definition
| cardiac disorder marked by a long QT interval, which is characterized by syncopal episodes during physical activity |
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Term
|
Definition
| autosomal dominant, hereditary disorder of the connective tissue that is associated with abnormalities of the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and ocular systems |
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|
Term
| Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP) |
|
Definition
| protrusion of one or both cusps of the mitral valve in the left atrium during systole |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| a condition whereby the coronary artery is surrounded by the myocardium for part of its course |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| insufficient blood flow to the myocardium |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the myocardium |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| postmortem examination to determine the cause of death |
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Term
|
Definition
| fall in systolic blood pressure of 20 mm Hg or more, associated with changes in body position; accompanied by symptoms such as light-headedness or fainting |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| heart rhythm irregularities |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| an obstruction that occurs when a blood clot becomes lodged in one of the pulmonary vessels; may be fatal if the clot is not dissolved in time |
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Term
|
Definition
| intermittent attacks of ischemia of the extremities of the body, especially fingers, toes, ears, and nose; caused by specific factor such as exposure to cold or an autoimmune disorder |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the process whereby the membrane, cell, or fiber, after depolarization, is polarized again with positive charges on the outer and negative charges on the inner surface |
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Term
|
Definition
| paroxysmal, potentially fatal disease of the skeletal muscle characterized by the presence of myoglobin in the urine |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| chronic, hemolytic anemia caused by a genetic defect in the hemoglobin gene, most commonly found in African-Americans; characterized by decreased red blood cell survival, microvascular occlusions due to RBC sickling, and increased susceptibility to certain infections |
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Term
|
Definition
| an instrument for measuring arterial blood pressure indirectly, consisting of an inflatable cuff, inflating bulb, and a gauge showing the blood pressure |
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Term
|
Definition
| partial or complete loss of consciousness with interruption of awareness of oneself and ones surroundings |
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Term
|
Definition
| malfunction of the nail in which the outer surface is concave |
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Term
|
Definition
| the volume pumped out of one ventricle of the heart in a single beat |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| an unexpected death; occurring within one hour of the onset of symptoms; most often described as cardiac failure |
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Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of a vein accompanied by the formation of a clot |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| a clot in the cardiovascular system formed during life from constituents of blood |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| any forced expiratory effort against a closed airway |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| coarse or fine, rapid fibrillary movements of the ventricular muscle that replace the normal contraction. This causes a failure to eject blood from the ventricle efficiently |
|
|
Term
| Wolf-Parkinson-White Syndrome |
|
Definition
| condition manifested by ventricular preexcitation and tachycardia as the result of electrical conduction over accessory pathways |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Disorder of gastrointestinal motility with abnormal cycles of muscle contraction and relaxation |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| System that contains the liver and gallbladder together |
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Term
|
Definition
| The power of spontaneous movement |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| The yellowish-brown or greenish fluid secreted by the liver and discharged into the duodenum |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| A yellow bile pigment found as sodium bilirubinate or as an insoluble calcium salt in gallstones, formed from hemoglobin during normal and abnormal destruction of erythrocytes by the reticuloendothelial system |
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Term
|
Definition
| Yellowing of the skin, indicates damage to the liver |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Relates to the colon; spasmodic pains in the abdomen |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation of the peritoneum, typically caused by bacterial infection either via the blood or after rupture of an abdominal organ |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| The physical property of being stiff adn resisting bending |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Eating disorder that results in loss of weight, emaciation, intense fear of weight gain, and distorted body image; characterized by stringent diet restriction, refusal to eat, or purging or ingested food |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| During or relating to the eating of food |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ulcer found in the stomach or duodenum |
|
|
Term
| Pelvic Inflammatory Disease |
|
Definition
| Inflammation of the female pelvic organs; caused by a bacterial infection |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation of the colon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Full or partial blockage of the intestines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Passage of bloody stools, in contradistinction to melena |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A varicose condition of the external or internal rectal veins causing painful swellings at the anus |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Passage of tarry stools, due to the presence of blood altered by the intestinal juices |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Indicates an appendicitis; halfway point between the umbilicus and the right ASIS |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| also known as jar tenderness; clinical sign where there is pain in the lower right quadrant (LRQ) of the abdomen when dropping from standing on toes to heels in a jarring landing |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Condition in which stomach acid travels up through the lower esophageal sphincter into the esophagus or even into the back of the throat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Diffuse inflammation of the lining of the stomach |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inflammatory condition of the stomach and intestines that is usually caused by bacteria or a virus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chronic inflammatory bowel disease that usually affects the small intestines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation of the vermiform appendix |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation of diverticula, especially in the colon, due to fecal material penetrating the wall lining of the diverticula |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Abnormally enlarged spleen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Referred pain to the left shoulder indicating damage to the spleen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation of the liver |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Transmitted through contaminated food or water, oral-fecal contact |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Infected blood, virus is present in some bodily fluids (saliva, semen, vaginal secretions) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Intravenous drug use (sharing needles), multiple sexual partners |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Icteric Stage of Hepatitis |
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Definition
| The second stage of hepatitis that begins to have all of the signs and symptoms, after 4 weeks this stage starts and lasts 6-8 weeks |
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Term
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Definition
| Liver disease characterized by diffuse damage to hepatic parenchymal cells, with nodular regeneration, fibrosis, and disturbance of normal architecture |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Acute of chronic inflammation of the gallbladder |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the pancreas |
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