Mimics acetylcholine, contracts ciliary muscle and reduces intraocular pressure

compound leaves. Plantation now being established to prevent extinction.  Obtained from leaflets.

Opacity of the lens, which can cause blindness.

Treated by surgery or lens replacement

Female-Triggers ovulation and development of copus luteum

Male-triggers testosterone production in testes, inhibits further release of LH and FSH.

Female-Stimulates ovary to produce estradiol

Male- acts directly on testes cells, stimulates sperm production.

"morning after" pill.  Seeds block synthesis of progesterone, necessary for endometrium development, results in no implantation. 

-root also used to encourage delayed menstraution.

Breast milk fed babies have lower risk of asthma, diabetes, ear infections, and SIDS than formula fed babies.

It is also easier to digest and potentially higher IQ.

Breast milk is worth a lot.  $3.52 an ounce, $96 a day.

-       Homeopathic, folk or herbal remedies, spiritualists (don’t use plants), traditional psychotherapy (incantations, ritual dances), and synergy – comparison with modern medicine (single compound).

-       Western medicine= our traditional conventions.

1.     Universal interconnectedness (people, health, and the universe)

2.     The body’s constitution (prakriti)

3.     Life forces (dosha)- similar to biologic humors of the ancient Greek system.

Contains the active compound curcuin

Many uses: remedy for stomach and liver ailments, fever, diseases and conditions dealing with skin and gastrointestinal system, aches and pains.

Number: normal=20 million per ml, infertile=<4 mil/ml

Motility: normal=at least 50% moving forward

Morphology: normal=at least 30%

contains active compound Gossypol.  Used in China for male contraception.  Reduces sperm # and motility.  

Inhibition of sperm motility by blocking ATP production, by suppressing O2 in mitochondria, prevents protein formatioin

Another mechanism is spermatogenesis is altered because Ca channels are inhibited.

1) Sperm concentration decreases

2) Impared sperm motility

3) Structual abnormalities of sperm

Coca- Cola contains stimulants from what two plants?

what are the stimulants?

1) Local effects: inhibits permeability of neuron membranes to Na, blocks initiation and transmission of signals, anesthetic

2) Stimulating effects(brain,lungs,heart) -Blocks synaptic reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine, NT excess, stimulation.  Usually short duration-sympathetic nervous system.

Additive

antagonistic

dosage effects

dependency

(low doses=excitement, high doses drowsiness)

1. Opiates= papaver somniferum, Lactuca quercina and virosa, and Avena sativa (oats)
2. Kava= piper methysticum
3. Tranquilizers= rauvolfia serpentine
4. Alcohol

1.      

1. Chewing- roots chopped, chewed in mouth, mixed with cold water or coconut milk, foamy liquid strained and served. Produces narcotic effects (paralyzes muscles of lower limbs, stimulates/depresses respiration, increases force, decrease rapidity of lower limbs, does not impair mental alertness).
2. Grating- roots grated, ground with cold water or coconut milk, filtered and served. Stimulant and tonic only, used for medicinal purposes. 

Opiates affect the CNS and intestines; less secretion of digestive enzymes, slows passage of food and water is absorbed more quickly.

CNS effects=reduces action potentials and restricts synthesis of NT's, binding to receptors that deal wth pain perception.