Painful, abnormal, difficult, labored

Example: Dyspepsia – Difficult or painful digestion, often referred to as indigestion, characterized by symptoms like bloating, nausea, or heartburn.

Within, in

Example: Endogastric – A term referring to something occurring within the stomach, such as an endogastric procedure that involves accessing the interior of the stomach for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes

Half

Example: Hemigastrectomy – Surgical removal of half of the stomach, typically performed to treat severe ulcers or stomach cancer.

Excessive or above normal

Example: Hypergastrinemia – A condition involving excessive levels of gastrin (a digestive hormone) in the blood, which can lead to overproduction of stomach acid and conditions like Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

Below normal or deficient

Example: Hypoglycemia – A condition characterized by abnormally low blood sugar levels, often causing symptoms like dizziness, weakness, and confusion, and requiring prompt treatment with glucose.

Bad or poor

Example: Malabsorption – Poor absorption of nutrients in the digestive tract, which can result from conditions like celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, or chronic pancreatitis, leading to malnutrition.

• Beside, near, or abnormal
• Example: Paracolitis – Inflammation occurring near or adjacent to the colon, often associated with diverticulitis or infections.

Around or surrounding

Example: Perigastric – Pertaining to the area around the stomach, often used to describe inflammation, abscesses, or surgical observations in this region.

Under, below

Example: Sublingual – Situated under the tongue, often referring to medications that dissolve beneath the tongue for quick absorption.

• Across or through
• Example: Transgastric – Referring to procedures or conditions that occur through the stomach, such as a transgastric endoscopic procedure used for accessing abdominal organs.

Pertaining to

Example: Celiac – Pertaining to the abdomen, often used in conditions like celiac disease, an autoimmune disorder where the ingestion of gluten damages the small intestine.

Pertaining to

Example: Colorectal – Pertaining to the colon and rectum, often used in the context of colorectal cancer or surgeries.

Hernia, protrusion

Example: Gastrocele – A hernia of the stomach, often resulting from a weakness in the diaphragm or abdominal wall.

Surgical puncture to aspirate fluid

Example: Paracentesis – A procedure involving the surgical puncture of the abdomen to remove excess fluid, commonly performed in cases of ascites.

Pertaining to

Example: Esophageal – Pertaining to the esophagus, such as in esophageal reflux, where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus.

Excision

Example: Appendectomy – Surgical removal of the appendix, often performed in cases of appendicitis.

The record, radiographic image

Example: Cholangiogram – A radiographic image of the bile ducts obtained using contrast material, often performed during Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) to assess blockages or other abnormalities in the bile ducts.

Process of recording

Example: Electrogastrography – The process of recording the electrical activity of the stomach to assess its motility and function, often used to diagnose conditions like gastroparesis or dyspepsia..

Condition of, diseased state, abnormal state

Example: Dyspepsia – A condition of impaired digestion, often characterized by bloating, discomfort, and nausea.

Condition

Example: Cholelithiasis – A condition involving the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder, which can cause pain and blockages.

Pertaining to

Example: Hepatic – Pertaining to the liver, as in hepatic function tests, which evaluate liver health.

Inflammation

Example: Gastritis – Inflammation of the stomach lining, often caused by infections, medications, or alcohol use.

Specialist who studies and treats

Example: Gastroenterologist – A specialist who diagnoses and treats disorders of the digestive system, including the stomach, intestines, and liver.

Study of

Example: Hepatology – The study of the liver, including diseases such as hepatitis and cirrhosis.

Softening

Example: Esophagomalacia – Softening of the esophageal walls, often caused by chronic acid reflux (GERD), prolonged inflammation, or structural weakness, which may lead to difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) or esophageal collapse.

Enlargement

Example: Hepatomegaly – Enlargement of the liver, which can occur in conditions like fatty liver disease or hepatitis.

Tumor

Example: Gastrinoma – A tumor that secretes gastrin, often associated with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, leading to excessive stomach acid production.

Abnormal condition

Example: Diverticulosis – A condition where small pouches form in the colon wall, which can become inflamed (diverticulitis

Disease

Example: Gastropathy – A disease of the stomach, often referring to damage caused by chronic use of NSAIDs or alcohol.

• Eating or swallowing
• Example: Dysphagia – Difficulty swallowing, which can result from conditions affecting the esophagus or nervous system.

Surgical repair

Example: Pyloroplasty – Surgical repair or widening of the pyloric sphincter to improve the passage of food from the stomach to the small intestine.

Prolapse, drooping

Example: Gastroptosis – Prolapse or downward displacement of the stomach, often caused by weakened abdominal muscles.

Suturing, repairing

Example: Herniorrhaphy – Surgical repair of a hernia, often performed to reinforce the abdominal wall

Painful, abnormal, difficult, labored

Example: Dyspepsia – Difficult or painful digestion, often referred to as indigestion, characterized by symptoms like bloating, nausea, or heartburn.

Within, in

Example: Endogastric – A term referring to something occurring within the stomach, such as an endogastric procedure that involves accessing the interior of the stomach for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes

Half

Example: Hemigastrectomy – Surgical removal of half of the stomach, typically performed to treat severe ulcers or stomach cancer.

Excessive or above normal

Example: Hypergastrinemia – A condition involving excessive levels of gastrin (a digestive hormone) in the blood, which can lead to overproduction of stomach acid and conditions like Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

Below normal or deficient

Example: Hypoglycemia – A condition characterized by abnormally low blood sugar levels, often causing symptoms like dizziness, weakness, and confusion, and requiring prompt treatment with glucose.

Bad or poor

Example: Malabsorption – Poor absorption of nutrients in the digestive tract, which can result from conditions like celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, or chronic pancreatitis, leading to malnutrition.

• Beside, near, or abnormal
• Example: Paracolitis – Inflammation occurring near or adjacent to the colon, often associated with diverticulitis or infections.

Around or surrounding

Example: Perigastric – Pertaining to the area around the stomach, often used to describe inflammation, abscesses, or surgical observations in this region.

 Under, below

Example: Sublingual – Situated under the tongue, often referring to medications that dissolve beneath the tongue for quick absorption.

• Across or through
• Example: Transgastric – Referring to procedures or conditions that occur through the stomach, such as a transgastric endoscopic procedure used for accessing abdominal organs.

Pertaining to

Example: Celiac – Pertaining to the abdomen, often used in conditions like celiac disease, an autoimmune disorder where the ingestion of gluten damages the small intestine.

Pertaining to

Example: Colorectal – Pertaining to the colon and rectum, often used in the context of colorectal cancer or surgeries.

Hernia, protrusion

Example: Gastrocele – A hernia of the stomach, often resulting from a weakness in the diaphragm or abdominal wall.

Surgical puncture to aspirate fluid

Example: Paracentesis – A procedure involving the surgical puncture of the abdomen to remove excess fluid, commonly performed in cases of ascites.

Pertaining to

Example: Esophageal – Pertaining to the esophagus, such as in esophageal reflux, where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus.

Excision

Example: Appendectomy – Surgical removal of the appendix, often performed in cases of appendicitis.

 The record, radiographic image

Example: Cholangiogram – A radiographic image of the bile ducts obtained using contrast material, often performed during Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) to assess blockages or other abnormalities in the bile ducts.

 Process of recording

Example: Electrogastrography – The process of recording the electrical activity of the stomach to assess its motility and function, often used to diagnose conditions like gastroparesis or dyspepsia..

 Condition of, diseased state, abnormal state

Example: Dyspepsia – A condition of impaired digestion, often characterized by bloating, discomfort, and nausea.

Condition

Example: Cholelithiasis – A condition involving the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder, which can cause pain and blockages.

Pertaining to

Example: Hepatic – Pertaining to the liver, as in hepatic function tests, which evaluate liver health.

 Inflammation

Example: Gastritis – Inflammation of the stomach lining, often caused by infections, medications, or alcohol use.

Specialist who studies and treats

Example: Gastroenterologist – A specialist who diagnoses and treats disorders of the digestive system, including the stomach, intestines, and liver.

Study of

Example: Hepatology – The study of the liver, including diseases such as hepatitis and cirrhosis.

 Softening

Example: Esophagomalacia – Softening of the esophageal walls, often caused by chronic acid reflux (GERD), prolonged inflammation, or structural weakness, which may lead to difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) or esophageal collapse.

 Enlargement

Example: Hepatomegaly – Enlargement of the liver, which can occur in conditions like fatty liver disease or hepatitis.

Tumor

Example: Gastrinoma – A tumor that secretes gastrin, often associated with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, leading to excessive stomach acid production.

 Abnormal condition

Example: Diverticulosis – A condition where small pouches form in the colon wall, which can become inflamed (diverticulitis

Disease

Example: Gastropathy – A disease of the stomach, often referring to damage caused by chronic use of NSAIDs or alcohol.

• Eating or swallowing
• Example: Dysphagia – Difficulty swallowing, which can result from conditions affecting the esophagus or nervous system.

 Surgical repair

Example: Pyloroplasty – Surgical repair or widening of the pyloric sphincter to improve the passage of food from the stomach to the small intestine.

Prolapse, drooping

Example: Gastroptosis – Prolapse or downward displacement of the stomach, often caused by weakened abdominal muscles.

Suturing, repairing

Example: Herniorrhaphy – Surgical repair of a hernia, often performed to reinforce the abdominal wall