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MED109-OL Lesson 7
Endocrine and Reproductive System
4
Medical
Not Applicable
07/19/2025

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Term
Prefixes
Definition
Prefixes

Endocrine system prefixes

Hypo-: Below, under, or deficient.

Hyper-: Above, excessive.

Pan-: All, total.

Para-: Around, beside, beyond, or abnormal.

Syn-: Joined, together.

Eu-: Good, normal.

Oxy-: Rapid, sharp, or acid.

Poly-: Many or much.

Tetr-: Four.

Tri-: Three.

Adren-: Gland, referring specifically to the adrenal gland.

Thyro-: Thyroid gland.

Reproductive system prefixes

A-: Absence of, without.

An-: Absence of, without.

Dys-: Painful, difficult, or abnormal.

Endo-: Within.

Oligo-: Small amount or scanty.

Peri-: Surrounding.

Crypt-: Hidden, related to the male reproductive system.

Epi-: Above.

Trans-: Through, across, or beyond.
Term
Suffixes
Definition
Suffixes

General suffixes (applicable to both endocrine and reproductive systems)

-al: Pertaining to.

-algia: Pain.

-ar: Pertaining to.

-drome: Run, running together.

-ectomy: Excision, surgical removal or cut out.

-emia: In the blood, blood condition.

-ia: Condition of, abnormal state, diseased state, or diseased state, abnormal state, condition of, condition.

-ic: Pertaining to.

-ism: State of, condition, or state of.

-itis: Inflammation or inflammation or infection of.

-logist: Specialist who studies and treats or specialist or physician who studies and treats.

-logy: Study of.

-lysis: Loosening, dissolution, separating.

-megaly: Enlarged, enlargement.

-oid: Resembling.

-oma: Tumor or tumor, mass.

-ous: Pertaining to.

-pathy: Disease.

-pexy: Surgical fixation, suspension.

-plasia: Development, growth, or condition of, formation, development, growth.

-plasty: Surgical repair.

-rrhea: Flow, discharge.

-sis: Condition.

-stomy: Creation of new opening, process of new opening.

-tomy: Cut into, incision.

Endocrine-specific suffixes

-crine: To secrete.

-dipsia: Thirst.

-physis: Growth.

-trophy: Growth.

Reproductive-specific suffixes

-atresia: Occlusion, closure.

-centesis: Surgical withdrawal of fluid.

-cleisis: Surgical closure.

-cyesis: Pregnancy.

-genesis: Beginning, development, or production.

-gravida: Pregnant woman.

-par: To bear an offspring.

-partum: Childbirth.

-salpinx: Uterine (fallopian) tube.

-tocia: Birth, labor or labor in childbirth.
Term
Root Words
Definition
Root Words

Endocrine system

acr/o: Extremities, height

aden/o: Gland

adren/o: Adrenal glands

adrenal/o: Adrenal glands

calc/i: Calcium

cortic/o: Cortex

crin/o: To secrete

dips/o: Thirst

endocrin/o: Endocrine

gluc/o: Sugar, sweetness

glyc/o: Sugar, sweetness

gonad/o: Gonads (sex glands)

home/o: Sameness

kal/i: Potassium

myx/o: Mucus

natr/o: Sodium

pancreat/o: Pancreas

parathyroid/o: Parathyroid gland

phys/o: Growing

pineal/o: Pineal gland

pituitar/o: Pituitary gland

somat/o: Body

thyr/o: Thyroid gland

thyroid/o: Thyroid gland

thym/o: Thymus gland

toxic/o: Poison

Reproductive system

General

andr/o: Male

gyn/o: Woman

gynec/o: Woman

gravida: Pregnant female

gravid/o: Pregnancy

gonad/o: Gonad

fet/o: Fetus

mamm/o: Breast

mast/o: Breast

toc/o: Labor

Female reproductive system

arche/o: First, beginning

cervic/o: Cervix

colp/o: Vagina

endometri/o: Endometrium

episi/o: Vulva

hymen/o: Hymen

hyster/o: Uterus

men/o: Menstruation

metr/i: Uterus

oophor/o: Ovary

pelv/i: Pelvis

perine/o: Perineum

salping/o: Uterine tube, fallopian tube

trachel/o: Cervix

vagin/o: Vagina

vulv/o: Vulva
Term
Abbreviations, acronyms and emponyms
Definition
Abbreviation/Acronym

Definition

System

ACTH

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Endocrine

ADH

Antidiuretic hormone

Endocrine

AMH

Anti-Müllerian hormone

Reproductive

ART

Assisted reproductive technology

Reproductive

BBT

Basal body temperature

Reproductive

BC/BCP

Birth control pills

Reproductive

Cx

Cervix

Reproductive

D&C

Dilation & curettage

Reproductive

DI

Diabetes insipidus

Endocrine

DKA

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Endocrine

DM

Diabetes mellitus

Endocrine

DOR

Diminished Ovarian Reserve

Reproductive

E2

Estradiol (a form of Estrogen)

Reproductive

FBS

Fasting blood sugar

Endocrine

FNA

Fine needle aspiration

Endocrine

FSH

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Endocrine/Reproductive

GH

Growth hormone

Endocrine

GnRH

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Endocrine

hCG

Human chorionic gonadotropin

Reproductive

HbA1C

Glycosylated hemoglobin

Endocrine

HRT

Hormone replacement therapy

Reproductive

HSG

Hysterosalpingogram

Reproductive

ICSI

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection

Reproductive

IUD

Intrauterine device

Reproductive

IUI

Intrauterine insemination

Reproductive

IVF

In vitro fertilization

Reproductive

LH

Luteinizing hormone

Endocrine/Reproductive

LMP

Last menstrual period

Reproductive

PCOS

Polycystic ovarian syndrome

Reproductive

PGT

Preimplantation genetic testing

Reproductive

PID

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Reproductive

PRL

Prolactin

Endocrine

RAIU

Radioactive iodine uptake

Endocrine

REI

Reproductive endocrinologist & infertility

Reproductive

SHG

Sonohysterography

Reproductive

T3

Triiodothyronine level

Endocrine

T4

Thyroxine level

Endocrine

TSH

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Endocrine

TTC

Trying to conceive

Reproductive

TWW/2WW

Two-week wait

Reproductive

UAE

Uterine artery embolization

Reproductive

Eponyms

Addison's Disease: A disorder resulting from adrenal gland dysfunction.

Graves' Disease: An autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism.

Hashimoto's Disease: An autoimmune disorder causing chronic inflammation of the thyroid gland, leading to hypothyroidism.
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