Abdomen, abdominal

Example: Abdominoplasty – Surgical repair or reconstruction of the abdomen, often referred to as a "tummy tuck.

Anus

ex. anoplasty - surgical repair of the anus

antrum

ex. antrectomy - surgical removal of the antrum

appendix

ex. appendicitis - inflammation of the appendix

cecum

ex. cecopexy - surgical fixation of the cecum

abdomen, abdominal cavity 

ex. celiotomy - surgical incision into the abdominal cavity 

lip

ex. cheilitis - inflammation of the lips

gall, bile

ex. cholecystitis - inflammation of the gallbladder

common bile duct

ex. choledocholithiasis - the presence of stones in the common bile duct

colon

ex. colitis - inflammation of the colon

intestine

ex. enteritis - inflammation of the intestines 

esophagus 

ex. esophagitis - inflammation of the esophagus

stomach

ex. gastrectomy - surgical removal of part or all of the stomach

gum

ex. gingivitis - inflammation of the gums 

Liver

Ex: Hepatomegaly – Enlargement of the liver, often caused by infections, fatty liver disease, or cancer.

 Hernia, protrusion of an organ through a membrane or cavity wall

Ex: Herniorrhaphy – Surgical repair of a hernia to reposition the protruding organ and strengthen the surrounding tissue.

 Abdomen, abdominal cavity

Ex: Laparoscopy – A minimally invasive surgical procedure used to view and treat abdominal or pelvic conditions.

Tongue

Ex: Sublingual – Situated under the tongue, often referring to the administration of medications for rapid absorption.

Mouth

Ex: Oral – Pertaining to the mouth, such as in oral hygiene practices.

palat/o

Palate

Ex: Palatoplasty – Surgical repair of the palate, often performed to correct cleft palate deformities.

pancreat/o

 Pancreas

Ex: Pancreatitis – Inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by gallstones or excessive alcohol consumption.

peritone/o

Peritoneum

Ex: Peritonitis – Inflammation of the peritoneum, the membrane lining the abdominal cavity, often caused by infection or perforation.

polyp/o

Polyp, small growth

Ex: Polypectomy – Surgical removal of a polyp, often performed during a colonoscopy to prevent cancer development.

proct/o

Rectum

Ex: Proctitis – Inflammation of the rectum, which can cause discomfort, bleeding, and urgency.

Pylorus, pyloric sphincter

Ex: Pyloroplasty – Surgical repair of the pyloric sphincter to improve food passage from the stomach to the small intestine.

Rectum

Example: Rectocele – A bulging of the rectum into the vaginal wall, often caused by weakening of pelvic floor muscles.

steat/o

Fat

Example: Steatorrhea – Excess fat in stool, often a sign of malabsorption disorders like celiac disease or chronic pancreatitis.

stomat/o

Mouth

Example: Stomatitis – Inflammation of the mouth, which can result from infections, irritants, or systemic diseases.

Uvula

Example: Uvulectomy – Surgical removal of the uvula, often performed to treat snoring or sleep apnea.

Dryness

Example: Xerostomia – Dryness of the mouth caused by reduced saliva production, often associated with certain medications or medical conditions.

Albumin

Example: Albuminuria – The presence of albumin (a type of protein) in the urine, often a sign of kidney damage or disease, such as nephrotic syndrome.

azot/o

Urea, nitrogen

Example: Azotemia – An elevated level of urea and other nitrogenous waste products in the blood, typically resulting from kidney dysfunction.

Developing cell, germ cell

Example: Nephroblastoma – A cancerous tumor of the kidney that arises from immature kidney cells, also known as Wilms tumor, commonly found in children.

Bladder, sac

Example: Cystitis – Inflammation of the urinary bladder, often caused by bacterial infection, leading to frequent and painful urination.

Glomerulus

Example: Glomerulonephritis – Inflammation of the glomeruli, the tiny filtering units in the kidneys, which can lead to kidney dysfunction or failure.

Sugar

Example: Hyperglycosuria – Excess sugar in the urine, commonly associated with uncontrolled diabetes or kidney filtration issues.

hydr/o

Water

Example: Hydronephrosis – The swelling of a kidney due to a buildup of urine caused by obstruction in the urinary tract.

Stone, calculus

Example: Nephrolithiasis – The formation or presence of kidney stones, often causing severe pain and urinary obstruction.

Kidney

Example: Nephrectomy – Surgical removal of a kidney, often performed due to cancer, trauma, or severe infection.

noct/o

Night

Example: Nocturnal Enuresis – Involuntary urination during sleep, commonly known as bedwetting. This condition is most often seen in children, but it can also occur in adults due to medical issues such as diabetes, bladder dysfunction, or neurological disorders.

Pus

Example: Pyuria – The presence of pus in the urine, indicating a urinary tract infection or kidney infection.

pyel/o

Renal pelvis

Example: Pyelitis – Inflammation of the renal pelvis, often caused by bacterial infections ascending from the bladder.

ren/o

Kidney

Example: Renal failure – The inability of the kidneys to filter waste products and balance fluids and electrolytes in the body.

ur/o, urin/o

Urine, urinary tract

Example: Urology – The branch of medicine focused on the study and treatment of urinary tract diseases and disorders.

ureter/o

Ureter

Example: Ureteroplasty – Surgical repair of a ureter to correct blockages or structural abnormalities.

urethr/o

Urethra

Example: Urethritis – Inflammation of the urethra, often caused by bacterial infection or sexually transmitted infections.

vesic/o

Bladder, sac

Example: Vesicoureteral reflux – A condition where urine flows backward from the bladder into the ureters, increasing the risk of kidney infections and damage.

tooth

ex. dental - pertaining to teeth 

meatus, opening

ex. meatotomy - cutting into the urinary opening

uric acid 

ex. uricosuria - uric acid in urine