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| Active form of vitamin D, secreted by the kidney. |
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| Cup-like collection region of the renal pelvis. The term comes from Greek, Kalux meaning a cup or case surrounding a flower bud. |
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| Tube for injecting or removing fluids. |
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| Outer region of an organ; the renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney(cortical means pertaining to the cortex) |
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| Nitrogenous waste excreted in urine. Creatinine clearance is a measure of the efficiency of the kidneys in removing (clearing)creatinine from the blood. |
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| Chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water. |
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| Hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells by bone marrow. |
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| Process whereby some substances, but not all, pass through a filter. |
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| Enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus. |
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| Glomerulus(plural: Glomeruli) |
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| Tiny ball of capillaries (microscopic blood vessels) in the kidney. |
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| Depression in an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave. |
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| One of two bean-shaped organs on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region; it filters nitrogenous wastes from the bloodstream to form urine. |
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| Inner region of an organ. The renal medulla is in the inner region of the kidney. |
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| Combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kidney. |
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| Substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine. |
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| Electrolyte regulated by the kidney so that a proper concentration is maintained within the blood. |
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| Process whereby renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream. |
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| Blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney. |
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| Central collecting region in the kidney. |
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| Microscopic tube in the kidney where urine is formed after flitration. |
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| Blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart. |
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| Hormone secreted by the kidney. |
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| Electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys. |
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| Triangular area in the urinary bladder. |
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| Major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine. |
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| One of two tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. |
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| Tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. |
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| Nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine. |
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| Hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine. |
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| Process of expelling urine; also called micturition. |
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| Trigone(region of the bladder). |
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| Albumin (a protein in the blood). |
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| Ketone bodies (ketoacids and acetone) |
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| Urination; urine condition |
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| Inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney. |
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| Inflammation of connective tissue that lies between the renal tubules. |
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| Kidney stones( renal calculi) |
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| Nephrotic syndrome( nephrosis) |
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Definition
| Group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in urine. |
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| Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) |
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Definition
| Multiple fluid-filled sacs (cysts) within and on the kidney. |
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Definition
| Inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma. |
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| Renal cell carcinoma(Hypernephroma) |
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Definition
| Cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood. |
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| Decrease in excretion of wastes results from impaired filtration function. |
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| High blood pressure resulting from kidney disease. |
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| Malignant tumor of the kidney occurring in childhood. |
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| Malignant tumor of the urinary bladder |
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| Antidiuretic hormone( ADH) is not secreted, or there is a resistance of the kidney to ADH. |
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Definition
| Insulin is not secreted adequately or tissues are resistant to its effects. |
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| Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) |
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Definition
| Measurement of urea levels in blood. |
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| Measurement of the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidney. |
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| X-ray images obtained using computed tomography (CT) show multiple cross-sectional and other views of the kidney. |
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| Kidneys, ureters, and bladder (KUB) |
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Definition
| X-ray examination (without contrast) of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. |
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Definition
| X-ray examination (with contrast) of the blood vessels of the kidney. |
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| X-ray image of the renal pelvis and ureters after injection of contrast through a urinary catheter into the ureters from the bladder |
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| Voiding cystourethrogram(VCUG) |
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Definition
| X-ray image(with contrast) of the urinary bladder and urethra obtained while the patient is voiding. |
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| Imaging of urinary tract structures using high-frequency sound waves. |
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| Image of the kidney obtained after injecting a radioactive substance (radioisotope)into the bloodstream |
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| Changing magnetic field produces images of the kidney and surrounding structures in three planes of the body. |
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| Direct visualization of the urethra and urinary bladder with an endoscope(cystoscope). |
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| Process of separating nitrogenous waste materials from the blood. |
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| Urinary tract stones are crushed. |
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| Dilation of narrowed areas in renal arteries. |
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| Removal of kidney tissue for microscopic examination. |
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| Surgical transfer of a kidney from a donor to a recipient. |
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| Passage of a flexible, tubular instrument through the urethra into the urinary bladder. |
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| Antidiuretic hormone-vasopressin |
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| Acute kidney(renal) injury |
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| Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis |
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| Chronic kidney disease- a condition during which serum creatinine and BUN levels rise, which may result in impairment of all body systems |
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| Chloride-an electrolyte excreted by the kidney |
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| Chronic renal failure-progressive loss of kidney function |
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| Culture and sensitivity testing-to determine antibiotic effectiveness against bacteria grown from a patient's urine specimen |
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| Estimated glomerular filtration rate |
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Definition
| Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy |
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| Bicarbonate-an electrolyte conserved by the kidney |
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| Interstitial cystitis-chronic inflammation of the bladder wall; not caused by the bacteria infection and not responsive to conventional antibiotic therapy |
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| Kidney, ureter, and bladder |
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| Potential hydrogen; scale to indicate degree of acidity or alkalinity |
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| Polycystic kidney disease |
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Definition
| Percutaneous ultrasound lithotripsy |
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