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| muscular organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum and between the lungs; the pumping action of the heart circulates blood throughout the body; the heart consists of two upper chambers, the right and left atria, and two lower chambers, the right and left ventricles; valves of the heart keep the blood flowing in one direction; the cardiac septum separates the right and left sides of the heart |
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| located between the RA and RV |
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| located between the LA and LV |
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| located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and between the left ventricle and the aorta |
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| two-layer sac covering the heart |
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| lies closest to the myocardium |
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| lines the pericardial sac |
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| middle, thick muscular layer |
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| inner lining of the heart |
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| tubelike structures that carry blood throughout the body |
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| blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart; all arteries, with the exception of the pulmonary artery, carry oxygen and other nutrients from the heart to the body cells; the pulmonary artery, in contrast, carries carbon dioxide and other waste products from the heart to the lungs |
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largest artery in the body, originating at the left ventricle and descending through the thorax and abdomen |
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| blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart; all veins, with the exception of the pulmonary veins, carry blood containing carbon dioxide and other waste products; the pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart |
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largest veins in the body; the inferior vena cava carries blood to the heart from the body parts below the diaphragm and the superior vena cava returns the blood to the heart from the upper part of the body |
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microscopic blood vessels that connect arterioles with venules; materials are passed between the blood and tissue through the capillary walls |
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| composed of plasma and formed elements, such as erthrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes (platelets) |
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| liquid portion of blood in which cells are suspended |
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| red blood cells that carry oxygen |
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| white blood cells that fight infection |
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| oneof the formed elements in the blood that is responsible for aiding in the clotting process |
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| tranparent, usually colorless, tissue fluid |
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| small, spherical bodies made up of lymphoid tissue; they are found singularly or may be grouped together; the nodes act as filters in keeping substances such as bacteria from the blood |
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| located on the left side of the abdominal cavity between the stomach and the diaphragm; in adulthood, the spleen is the largest lymphatic organ in the body |
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| one of the primary lymphatic organs; it is located anterior to the ascending aorta and posterior to the sternum between the lungsl it plays an important role in the development of the body's immune system, particularly from infancy to puberty; around puberty the thymus gland atrophies into connective tissue and does not function |
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| electricity, electrical activity |
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| instrument used to record |
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| abnormal reduction in number |
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| inflammation of the blood vessels and heart |
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| tumor composed of blood vessels |
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| spasm (contraction) of the blood vessels |
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| narrowing of the blood vessels |
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| narrowing pertaining to aorta (narrowing of the aortic valve) |
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| hardening of the arteries |
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| hardening of fatty plaque (deposited on the arterial wall) |
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| condition of a slow heart (rate less than 60 bpm) |
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| inflammation of the valves of the heart |
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| inflammation of the inner (lining) of the heart (particularly heart valves) |
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| inflammation of the muscle of the heart |
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| inflammation of the outer sac of the heart |
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| inflammation of many (sites in the) arteries |
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| abnormal state of rapid heart (rate of more than 100 bpm) |
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| inflammation of a vein associated with a clot |
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| abnormal reduction in the number of blood cells |
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| tumor of blood (mass of blood resulting from a broken blood vessel) |
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| inflammation of the lymph glands |
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| disease of the lymph glands; lymphadenopathy syndrome (LAS) is a persistent, generalized swelling of the lymph nodes often preceding the development of AIDS |
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| tumor of lymphatic tissue (malignant) |
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| abnormal reduction of all (blood) cells |
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| enlargement of the spleen |
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| abnomal condition of a blood clot |
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| tumor of the thymus gland |
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| sudden symptoms of insufficient blood supply to the heart indication unstable angina or MI [ACS] |
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| reduction in the amount of hemoglobin in the RBCs |
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| ballooning of the weakened potion of an arterial wall |
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| chest pain, which may radiate to the left arm and jaw, that occurs when there is an insufficient supply of blood to the heart muscle |
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| sudden cessation of cardiac output and effective circulation, which requires CPR |
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| acute compression of the heart caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity |
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| congenital cardiac condition characterized by a narrowing of the aorta |
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| heart abnormality present at birth |
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| inability of the heart to pump enough blood through the body to supply the tissues and organs [CHF] |
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| obstruction of an artery of the heart, usually from artherosclerosis (can lead to heart attack) |
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| condition of thrombus in a deep vein of the body; most often occurs in the lower extremities [DVT] |
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| any distribution or abnormality in the heart's normal rhythmic pattern (arrhythmia) |
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| blood clot or foreign material, such as air or fat, that enters the bloodstream and moves until it lodges at another point in the circulation |
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| rapid, quivering, non-coordinated contractions of the atria or ventricles |
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| an iron metabolism disorder that occurs when too much iron is absorbed from food, resulting in excessive deposits of iron in the rissue, can cause CHF, DM, cirrhosis or cancer of the liver |
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| inherited bleeding disease most commonly caused by a deficiency of the coagulation factor VIII |
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| vericose vein in the rectal areas, which may be internal or external |
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| malignant disorder of the lymphatic tissue characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, usually beginning in the cervical nodes |
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| hypertensive heart disease |
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Definition
| disorder of the heart bought about by persistant high blood pressure [HHD] |
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| intermittent claudication |
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Definition
| pain and discomfort in calf muscles while walking; a condition seen in occlusive artery disease |
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| malignant disease characterized by excessive increase in abnormal WBCs formed in the bone marrow |
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| a narrowing of the mitral valve from scarring, usually caused by episodes of rheumatic fever |
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| death (necrosis) of a portion of the myocardium caused by lack of oxygen resulting from an interrupted blood supply [heart attack/MI] |
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| peripheral artery disease |
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| disease of the arteries, other than those of the heart and brain, that affects blood circulation, such as atherosclerosis and Raynaud diseasse; the most common symptom of peripheral atherosclerosis is intermittent claudication [PAD] |
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| an inflammatory disease, usually occuring in children and often after an upper respiratory tract streptococcal infection |
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| a hereditary, chronic hemolytic disease characterized by cresent or sickle shaped RBCs |
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| distended or tortuous veins usually found in lower extremities |
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| surgical repair of a blood vessel |
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| suturing of a blood vessel |
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| excision of fatty plaque (from a blocked artery using a specialized catheter and a rotary cutter) |
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| excision within the artery (excision of plaque from the arterial wall); this procedure is usually named for the artery to cleared out, such as carotid endarterectomy, which means removal of plaque from the wall of the carotid artery |
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| surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from (within) the outer sac of the heart (pericardium) |
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| surgical fixation of the spleen |
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| excision of the thymus gland |
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| surgical excision of an aneurysm |
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| infusion of normal bone marrow cells from a donor with matching cells and tissue to recipient with a certain type of leukemia or anemia |
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| battery-powered or nuclear-powered apparatus implanted under the skin to regulate the heart rate |
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| coronary artery bypass graft |
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| surgical technique to ring a new blood supply to heart muscle by detouring around blocked arteries [CABG] |
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| a supportive scaffold device implanted in the coronary artery; used to prevent closure of the artery after angioplasty or atherectomy |
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| application of an electric shock to the myocardium through the chest wall to restore normal cardiac rhythm |
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| excision of an embolus or clot |
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| surgery to establish an alternate route from femoral artery to popliteal artery to bypass an obstruction |
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| excision of hemorrhoids, the varicosed veins in the rectal region |
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| implantable cardiac defib |
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| a device implanted in the body that continuously monitors the heart rhythm; if life threatening dyarhthmias occur the device delivers an electric shock to convert the dyarhythmia back to normal rhythm |
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| intracoronary thrombolytic therapy |
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Definition
| an injection of an intravenous medicaiton to dissolve blood clots in coronary vessels |
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| the use to light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (laser beam) to open blocked arteries, especially in lower extremities |
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| surgical procedure to repair a stenosed mitral valve by breaking apart the leaves (commmissures) of the valves |
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| percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty |
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| procedure in which a balloon is passed through a blood vessel into a coronary artery to the area where plaque is formed; inflation of the balloon compresses the plaque against the vessel wall, expanding the inner diameter of the blood vessel, which allows the blood to circulate more freely [PTCA] |
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| x-ray imaging of a blood vessel (after an injection of contrast medium) |
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| instrument used for visual examination of a blood vessel |
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| visual examination of a blood vessel |
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| x-ray image of the aorta (after an injection of contrast medium) |
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| record of the heart (structure and motion) using sound; used to detect valvular disease and evaluate the heart during stress testing [ECHO] |
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| record of the electrical activity of the heart [ECG, EKG] |
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| instrument used to record the electrical activity of the heart |
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| process of recording the electrical activity of the heart |
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Definition
| red cell count (RBCs/mm2) |
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| separated blood (volume percentage of RBCs in whole blood after separation by centrifuge) [HCT] |
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| white cell count (WBCs/mm2) |
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| x-ray imaging of the lymphatic vessels |
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| digital subtraction angiography |
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| a process of digital x-ray imaging of the blood vessels that "subtracts" or removes structures not being studied [DSA] |
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| a study that used sound for detection of blood flow within the vessels; used to assess intermittent claudication, deep vein thrombosis, and other blood flow abnormalities |
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| a study that evaluates cardiac function during physical stress by riding a bike or walking on a treadmill; electrocardiography, echocardiography and nuclear medicine scanning are three types of tests performed to measure cardiac function while exercising; echo is fast becoming the preferred choice of testing over ECG |
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| single-photon emission computed tomography |
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| a nuclear medicine scan that visualizes the heart from several different angles; a tracer substance such as seatamibi or thallium is injected intravenously; the SPECT scanner creates images from the tracer absorbed by the body tissues; it is used to assess damage to cardiac tissue |
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| a nuclear medicine test used to diagnose coronary artery disease and assess revascularization after coronary artery bypass surgery; thallium, a radioactive isotope, is injected into the body intravenously, a radiation detector is placed over the heart and images are recorded; thallium is taken up by the normal myocardial cells, but not in ischemia or infarction; these areas are identified as "cold" spots on the images produced; thallium testing can be performed when the patient is at rest or it can be part of a stress test |
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| transesophageal echocardiogram |
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Definition
| an ultrasound test that examines cardiac function and structure by using an ultrasound probe placed in the esophagus, which provides views of the heart structures [TEE] |
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Definition
| an examination to determine the condition of the heart and surrounding blood vessels; catheter is passed into the heart through a blood vessel and is used to record pressures and inject a contrast medium, enabling the visualization of the great vessels and the heart chambers; used most frequently to evaluate chest pain and coronary artery disease |
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| measure venous flow of the extremities with a plethysmograph to detect clots by measuring changes in blood volume and resistance (impedance) in the veins [IPG] |
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| device for measuring blood pressure |
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| an instrument used to hear sounds produced by the heart, lungs, and bowels |
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| blood test to determine the time it takes for blood to form a clot |
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| basic blood screening that includes tests on hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC morphology (size and shape), WBC, and WBC differential |
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| Cblood test used to determine the concentration of oxygen-carrying components in RBCs |
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| blood test used to determine certain coagulation activity defects and to monitor anticoagulant therapy for patients taking Coumadin, an oral anticoagulant medication |
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| needle puncture to remove bone marrow for study, usually from the sternum or ilium; used to diagnose blood cell disease such as leukemia and anemia |
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| pertaining to the atrium and ventricle |
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| physician who studies and treats diseases of the heart |
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| study of the heart (a branch of medicine that deals with diseases of the heart and blood vessels) |
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| physician who studies and treats diseases of the blood |
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| study of the blood (branch of medicine that deals with diseases of the blood) |
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| condition of (body) temperature that is below (normal sometimes induced for various surgical procedures, such as bypass surgery) |
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| pertaining to within the veins |
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| removal of plasma (from withdrawn blood) |
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| hearing sounds withing the body through a stethoscope |
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| pressure exerted by the blood against blood vessel walls; systolic over diastolic |
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| cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
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Definition
| emergency procedure consisting of artifical ventilation and external cardiac massage |
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| phase in the cardiac cycle in which the ventricles relax between contractions |
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| occuring outside the body; during open-heart surgery extracorporeal circulation occures when blood is diverted outside the body to a heart-lung machine |
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| escape of blood from the blood vessel into the tissue |
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| a short-duration humming sound of cardiac or vascular origin |
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| BP that is above normal (>140/90) |
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| BP that is below normal (<90/60) |
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| space within a tubular part or organ, such as the space within a blood vessel |
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| to close tightly, to block |
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| tapping of a body surface with the fingers to determine the density of the part beneath |
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| phase in the cardiac cycle in which the ventricles contract |
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| agent or nerve that narrows the blood vessels |
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| agent or nerve that enlarges the blood vessels |
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| puncture of a vein to remove blood, instill a medication, or start an IV infusion |
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| agent that slows the clotting process |
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| abnormal or pathologic condition of the blood |
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| liquid portion of the blood in which elements or cells are suspended and that contains some of the clotting factors |
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| liquid portion of the blood without the clotting factor |
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| hypertensive heart disease |
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Definition
| inpedance plethysmography |
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| percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty |
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| single-photon emission computed tomography |
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| transesophageal echocardiogram |
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