Term
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Definition
| opening through which food passes into the body; breaks food into small particles by mastication (chewing) and mixing with saliva |
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Term
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Definition
| consists mostly of skeletal muscle; attached in the posterior region of the mouth; it provides movement of food for mastication, directs food to the pharynx for swallowing, and is a major organ for taste and speech |
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Term
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Definition
| separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| posterior portion, not supported by bone |
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Term
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Definition
| anterior portion, supported by bone |
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Term
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Definition
| soft V-shaped mass that extends from the soft palate; directs food into the throat |
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Term
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Definition
| performs the swallowing action that passes food from the mouth into the esophagus |
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Term
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Definition
| 10-inch (25-cm) tube that extends from the pharynx to the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| J-shaped sac that mixes and stores food; it secretes chemicals for digestion and hormones for local communication control |
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Term
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Definition
| area around the opening of the esophagus |
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Term
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Definition
| uppermost domed portion of the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| central portion of the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| lower part of the stomach that connects to the small intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| portion of the pylorus that connects to the body of the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| ring of muscle that guards the opening between the stomach and the duodenum |
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Term
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Definition
| 20-foot (6-m) canal extending from the pyloric sphincter to the large intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| first 10 to 12 inches (25 cm) of the small intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| second portion of the small intestine, approximately 8 feet (2.4 m) long |
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Term
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Definition
| third portion of the small intestine, approximately 11 feet (3.3 m) long, which connects with the large intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| canal that is approximately 5 feet (1.5 m) long and extends from the ileum to the anus |
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Term
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Definition
| blind U-shaped pouch that is the first portion of the large intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| portion of the large intestine; the colon is divided into four parts: ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon |
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Term
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Definition
| remaining portion of the large intestine, approximately 8 to 10 inches (20 cm) long, extending from the sigmoid colon to the anus |
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Term
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Definition
| sphincter muscle (ringlike band of muscle fiber that keeps an opening tight at the end of the digestive tract |
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Term
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Definition
| produce saliva, which flows into the mouth |
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Term
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Definition
| produces bile, whihc is necessary for the digestion of fats; the liver performs many other functions concerned with digestion and metabolism |
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Term
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Definition
| passageways that carry bile: the hepatic duct is a passageway for bile from the liver, and the cystic duct carries bile from the gallbladder; they join to form the common bile duct, which conveys bile to the duodenum |
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Term
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Definition
| small, saclike structure that stores bile |
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Term
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Definition
| produces pancreatic juice, which helps digest all types of food and secretes insulin for carbohydrate metabolism |
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Term
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Definition
| serous sac lining of the abdominal and pelvic cavities |
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Term
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Definition
| small pouch, which has no function in digestion, attached to the cecum |
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Term
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Definition
| portion of the body between the thorax and the pelvis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| colon (usually denoting the large intestine) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| intestine (usually denoting the small intestine) |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| abdomin/o, celi/o, lapar/o |
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Definition
| abdomen (abdominal cavity) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| diverticulum, or blind pouch, extending from a hollow organ (pl. diverticula) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| hernia, or protrusion of an organ through a membrane or cavity wall |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| pylorus, pyloric sphincter |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the appendix |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the gallbladder |
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Term
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Definition
| condition of stones in the common bile duct |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of a diverticulum |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal condition of having diverticula |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the esophagus |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the stomach and intestines |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the stomach, intestines, and colon |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the liver |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the palate |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the pancreas |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the peritoneum |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal condition of (multiple) polyps (in the mucous membrane of the intestine, especially the colon; high potential for malignancy) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| stone in the salivary gland |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the uvula |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal growing together of two surfaces that normally are separated; this may occur after abdominal surgery; surgical treatment is called adhesiolysis or adhesiotomy |
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Term
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Definition
| psychoneurotic disorder characterized by a prolonged refusal to eat, resulting in emaciation, amenorrhea in females, and abnormal fear of becoming obese; it occurs primarily in adolexcents |
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Term
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Definition
| an eating disorder involving gorging with food, followed by induced vomiting or laxative abuse (bingeing and purging) |
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Term
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Definition
| chronic disease of the liver with gradual destruction of cells, most commonly caused by alcoholism |
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Term
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Definition
| chronic inflammation usually affecting the ileum, although it can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract; it is characterized by cobblestone ulcerations along the intestina wall and the formation of scar tissue and may cause obstruction; it is also called regional ileitis or regional enteritis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) |
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Definition
| the abnormal backward flow of the gastrointestinal contents into the esophagus, gradually breaking down the mucous barrier of the esophagus |
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Term
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Definition
| obstruction of the intestine, often caused by failure of peristalsis |
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Term
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Definition
| telescoping of a segment of the intestine |
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Term
| irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) |
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Definition
| periodic disturbances of bowel function, such as diarrhea and/or constipation, usually associated with abdominal pain |
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Term
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Definition
| excess of body fat (not body weight); the BMI (body mass index) is greater than 30kg/m2 |
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Term
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Definition
| another name for gastric or duodenal ulcer |
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Term
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Definition
| tumorlike growth extending outward from a mucous membrane; usually benign; common sites are in the nose, throat, and intestines |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the colon with the formation of ulcers; the main symptom is diarrhea--as many as 15 to 29 stools per day; an ileostomy may be performed to treat this condition |
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Term
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Definition
| twisting or kinking of the intestine, causing intestinal obstruction |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical repair of the abdomen |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical repair of the anus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| incision into the abdominal cavity |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| excision of the gallbladder |
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Term
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Definition
| incision into the common bile duct to remove a stone |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| creation of an artificial opening into the colon (through the abdominal wall); used for the passage of stool; a colostomy, which creates a mouth-like opening on the abdominal wall called a stoma, may be permanent or temporary and performed as treatment for bowel obstruction, cancer, or diverticulitis |
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Term
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Definition
| excision of a diverticulum |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| surgical repair of the esophagus and the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| excision of the stomach (or part of the stomach) |
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Term
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Definition
| creation of an artificial opening between the stomach and jejunum |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical repair of the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| creation of an artificial opening into the stomach (through the abdominal wall); a tube is inserted through the opening for administration of food when swallowing is impossible |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical removal of gum (tissue) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| excision of half of the colon |
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Term
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Definition
| suturing of a hernia (for repair) |
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Term
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Definition
| creation of an artificial opening into the ileum (through the abdominal wall creating a stoma, a mouthlike opening on the abdominal wall); used for the passage of stool |
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Term
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Definition
| incision into the abdomen |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical repair of the palate |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| incision into the pyloric muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical repair of the pylorus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) |
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Definition
| surgical repair of the uvula, palate, and pharynx (performed to correct osbtructive sleep apnea) |
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Term
| abdominoperineal resection (A&P resection) |
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Definition
| removal of the colon and rectum through both abdominal and perineal approaches; performed to treat colorectal cancer and inflammatory diseases of the lower large intestine; the patient will have a colostomy |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical connection between two normally distinct structures |
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Term
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Definition
| cutting of certain branches of the vagus nerve, performed with gastric surgery to reduce the amount of gastric acid produced and thus reduce the recurrence of ulcers |
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Term
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Definition
| x-ray image of bile ducts; an injection of radiopaque material is used to outline the ducts |
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Term
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Definition
| x-ray image of the gallbladder; oral cholecystogram is still used to diagnose cholelithiasis, but ultrasound is now the method of choice |
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Term
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Definition
| x-ray imaging of the colon |
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Term
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Definition
| instrument used for visual examination of the colon |
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Term
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Definition
| visual examination fo the colon |
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Term
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Definition
| instrument used for visual examination within a hollow organ |
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Term
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Definition
| visual examination within a hollow organ |
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Term
| esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) |
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Definition
| visual examination of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum |
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Term
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Definition
| instrument for visual examination of the esophagus |
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Term
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Definition
| visual examination of the esophagus |
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Term
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Definition
| instrument used for visual examination of the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| visual examination of the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| instrument used for visual examination of the abdominal cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| visual examination of the abdominal cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| instrument used for visual examination of the rectum |
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Term
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Definition
| visual examination of the rectum |
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Term
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Definition
| instrument used for visual examination of the sigmoid colon |
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Term
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Definition
| visual examinaiton of the sigmoid colon |
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Term
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Definition
| series of x-ray images taken of the large intestine after a barium enema has been administered |
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Term
| upper GI (gastrointestinal) series |
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Definition
| series of x-ray images taken of the stomach and duodenum after barium has been swallowed |
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Term
| endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) |
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Definition
| radiographic (x-ray) examination of the bile and pancreatic ducts with contrast medium, fluoroscopy, and endoscopy |
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Term
| endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) |
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Definition
| a procedure using an endoscope fitted with an ultrasound probe that provides images of layers of the intestinal wall; used to detect tumors and cystic growths and for staging of malignant tumors |
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Term
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Definition
| a blood test to determine the presence of H. pylori bacteria; the bacteria can be found in the lining fo the stomach and can cause peptic ulcers; tests for H. pylori are also performed on biopsy specimens and by breath test |
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Term
| fecal occult blood test (also called guaiac test) |
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Definition
| a test to detect occult blood in feces; it is used to screen for colon cancer or polyps; occult blood refers to blood that is present but can only be viewed microscopically; trade names for commercial test kits include: Hema-Check, Colo-Rect, and Hematest |
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Term
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Definition
| pertaining to the abdomen |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical puncture to remove fluid from the abdominal cavity (also called paracentesis) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| without swallowing (the inability to) |
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Term
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Definition
| pertaining to the colon and rectum |
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Term
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Definition
| difficult digestion (often used to describe GI symptoms) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a physician who studies and treats diseases of the stomach and intestines (GI tract and accessory organs) |
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Term
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Definition
| study of the stomach and intestines (a branch of medicine that deals with treating diseases of the GI tract and accessory organs) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| pertaining to the ileum and cecum |
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Term
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Definition
| pertaining to the nose and stomach |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| pertaining to the pancreas |
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Term
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Definition
| pertaining to the peritoneum |
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Term
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Definition
| physician who studies and treats diseases of the rectum |
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Term
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Definition
| study of the rectum (a branch of medicine that deals with disorders of the rectum and anus) |
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Term
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Definition
| pertaining to the rectum (a branch of medicine that deals with treating diseases of the rectum) |
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Term
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Definition
| pertaining to the mouth and stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| pertaining to under the tongue |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| frequent discharge of liquid stool |
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Term
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Definition
| disorder that involves inflammation of the intestine associated with diarrhea and abdominal pain |
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Term
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Definition
| waste from the digestive tract expelled through the rectum (also called a bowel movement, stool, or fecal matter) |
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Term
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Definition
| gas in the digestive tract or expelled through the anus |
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Term
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Definition
| washing out of the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| process of feeding a person throgh a nasogastric tube |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| black, tarry stool that contains digested blood; usually a result of bleeding in the upper GI tract |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| involuntary wavelike contractions that propel food along the digestive tract |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal backward flow; in esophageal reflux, the stomach contents flow back into the esophagus |
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Term
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Definition
| matter expelled from the stomach through the mouth (also called vomitus or emesis) |
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Term
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Definition
| the insertion of fine needles into specific points to activate the body's self-healing capacity |
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Term
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Definition
| abdominoperineal resection |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| esophagogastroduodenoscopy |
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Term
|
Definition
| endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| gastroesophageal reflux disease |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| uvulopalatopharyngoplasty |
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