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| conjunctiva (to join together) |
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| fluid filled sac between the cornea and the iris |
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| watery liquid at the ciliary body that fills the anterior chambers of the eye and provides nourishment for the cornea, iris and lens |
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| duct in the anterior chamber that carries filtered aqueous humor to the veins and bloodstream |
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| vascular layer beneath the sclera that provides nourishment to the outer portion of the retina |
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| ring of muscle behind the peripheral iris that controls the power of the lens |
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| epithelial tissue folds on the inner surface of the ciliary body that secrete aqueous humor |
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| joining together; mucous membrane hat lines the eyelids and outer surface of the eyeball |
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| transparent, anterior part of the eyeball covering the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber that functions to refract (bend) light to focus a visual image |
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| movable protective fold that opens and closes, covering the eye |
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| pinpoint depression in the center of the macula lutea that is the site of sharpest vision |
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| interior surface of the eyeball including the retina, optic disk, macual, and posterior pole (curvature at the back of the eye) |
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| oil glands surrounding the eyelashes |
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| oil glands locates along the rim of the eyelids |
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| colored circle; colored part of the eye located behind the cornea that contracts and dilates to regulate light passing through the pupil |
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| gland located in the upper outer region above the eyeball that secretes tears |
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| tubes that carry tears to the lacrimal sac |
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| structure that collects tears before emptying into the nasolacrimal duct |
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| transparent structure behind the pupil that bends and focuses light rays on the retina |
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| capsule that encloses the lens |
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| central region of the retina responsible for central vision; yellow pigment provides its color |
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| passageway for tears from the lacrimal sac into the nose |
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| exit site of retinal nerve fibers, as well as the entrance point for retinal arteries and the exit point for retinal veins |
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| nerve responsible for carrying impulses for the sense of sight from the retina to the brain |
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| space between the back of the iris and the front of the vitreous filled with aqueous fluid |
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| black circular opening in the center of the iris through which light passes as it enters the eye |
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| innermost layer that perceives and transmits light to the optic nerve |
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| cone-shaped cells within the retina that are color sensitive and respond to bright light |
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| rod-shaped cells within the retina that respond to dim light |
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| tough, fibrous, white outer coat extending from the cornea to the optic nerve |
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| mesh-like structure in the anterior chamber that filters the aqueous humor as it flows into the canal of Schlemm |
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| jelly-like mass filling the inner chamber between the lens and retina that gives bulk to the eye |
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| involuntary contraction of the muscles surrounding the eye, causing uncontrolled blinking and lid squeezing |
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| exophthalmos/exophthalmus |
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| abnormal protrusion of one or both eyes |
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| involuntary, rapid oscillating movement of the eyeball |
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| extreme sensitivity to and discomfort from light |
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| defects in the bending of light as it enters the eye, causing an improper focus on the retina |
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| distorted vision caused by an oblong or cylindrical lens or cornea that prevents light rays from coming to a single focus on the retina |
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| farsightedness; difficulty seeing close objects when light rays extend beyond the proper focus on the retina |
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| nearsightedness; difficulty seeing distant objects when light rays fall short of the proper focus on the retina |
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| impaired vision owing to old age loss of accomidation |
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| ability of the eye to adjust focus on near objects |
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| decreased vision in early life due to a functional defect that can occur as a result of strabismus, refractive errors (when one eye is more near-sighted, farsighted, or astigmatic than the other), or trauma; usually occurs in one eye, aka lazy eye |
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| absence of the lens, usually after cataract extraction |
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| inflammation of the eyelid |
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| blepharochalasis/dermatochalasis |
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| baggy eyelid; overabundance and loss of elasticity of skin on the upper eyelid, causing a fold of skin to hang down over the edge of the eyelid when the eyes are open |
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| drooping of the eyelid usually caused by paralysis |
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| chronic nodular inflammation of a meibomian gland, usually the result of a blocked duct; commonly presents as a swelling on the upper or lower lid |
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| opaque clouding of the lens causing decreased vision |
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| pinkeye; inflammation of the conjunctiva |
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| inflammation of the lacrimal gland |
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| inflammation of the tear sac |
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| disease of the retina in diabetics characterized by capillary leakage, bleeding, and new vessel formation (neovascularization), leading to scarring and loss of vision |
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| outward turning of the rim of the eyelid |
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| inward turning of the rim of the eyelid |
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| abnormal overflow of tears caused by blockage of the lacrimal duct |
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| group of diseases of the eye characterized by increased intraocular pressure that results in damage to the optic nerve, producing defects in vision |
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| sty; an acute infection of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid |
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| inflammation of the cornea |
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| breakdown or thinning of the tissues in the macula, resulting in partial or complete loss of central vision |
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| eye in which the natural lens is replaced with an artificial lens implant |
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| fibrous growth of conjunctival tissue that extends onto the cornea |
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| separation of the retina from the underlying epithelium, disrupting vision and resulting in blindness if not repaired surgically |
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| inflammation of the retina |
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| crossed eyes; a condition of eye misalignment caused by intraocular muscle imbalance |
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| right or left eye deviates inward toward the nose |
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| right or left eye deviates outward away from the nose |
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| inflammation of the sclera |
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| misdirected eyelashes that rub on the conjunctiva or cornea |
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| measure of the ability to see the details and shape of identifiable objects from a specified distance (usually 20 feet), typically using a Snellen chart |
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| visualization and photography of retinal and choroidal vessels made as fluorescein dye, which is injected into a vein, circulates through the eye |
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| use of an ophthalmoscope to view the interior of the eye |
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| measurement of refractive errors using a phoropter to determine best corrected vision and prescription for eye glasses or contact lenses |
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| instrument that holds corrective lenses in front of the eye to determine optical correction |
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| use of a tabletop microscope to examine the eye, especially the cornea, lens, fluids, and membranes |
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| use of high-frequency sound waves to detect pathology within the eye such as foreign bodies or a detached retina |
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| use of a tonometer to measure intraocular pressure, which is elevated in glaucoma |
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| surgical repair of an eyelid |
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| excision of a cloudy lens from the eye |
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| use of intense cold to seal a hole or tear in the retina; used to treat retinal detachment |
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| excision of a lacrimal sac |
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| incision into the iris (usually with a laser) to allow for drainage of aquesous humor from the posterior to anterior chamber; used to treat a type of glaucoma |
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| excision of a portion of iris tissue |
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| corneal transplant; replacement of a diseased or scarred cornea with a healthy one from a matched donor |
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| use of a laser to make incisions or destroy tissues (to create fluid passages, to obliterate tumors or aneurysms) |
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| laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) |
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| technique using the excimer laser to reshape the surface of the cornea to correct refractive errors such as myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism |
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| intraocular lens (IOL) implant |
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| implantation of an artificial lens to replace a defective natural lens |
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| use of ultrasound to shatter and break up a cataract with aspiration and removal |
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| surgery to treat retinal detachment by placing a band of silicone around the sclera to cinch it toward the middle of the eye and relieve pull on the retina- often combined with other techniques to seal retinal tears such as cryoretinopexy |
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| removal of a portion of the trabecular meshwork to increase the flow of aqueous humor from the eye; used in treatment of acute glaucoma or glaucoma not treatable with medication |
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| small plastic curved disk with optical correction that fits over the cornea; used to correct refractive errors |
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| introduction of a medicated solution in the eye |
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| washing of the eye with water or other fluid |
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| agent that paralyzes the ciliary muscle and powers of accommodation; commonly used in pediatric eye examinations |
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| mydriatic (dilation of pupil) |
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| agent that causes dilation of the pupil |
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| agent that causes the pupil to contract |
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| laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis |
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