Reproductive System Prefixes

A-

Absence of, without 

Example azoospermia: The absence of sperm in semen, which can cause male infertility and may result from blockages or testicular failure.

Reproductive System Prefixes

 An-

Absence of, without 

Example Anovulation:

 The absence of ovulation, often leading to infertility and irregular menstrual cycles, commonly caused by hormonal imbalances or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

Reproductive System Prefixes

dys-:

Painful, difficult

Example Dysmenorrhea :

Painful menstrual cramps, often caused by uterine contractions or underlying conditions like endometriosis

Reproductive System Prefixes

endo-:

Within

Example Endometritis:

Inflammation of the inner lining of the uterus (endometrium), often caused by infection or retained tissue after childbirth or miscarriage.

Reproductive System Prefixes

epi-

 Above

Example Epidural:

Pertaining to the area upon or above the dura mater of the spinal cord, commonly referring to a type of anesthesia used during childbirth to provide pain relief while allowing the patient to remain awake and alert

Reproductive System Prefixes

hyper-

Above, excessive

Example Hypergonadism:

A condition characterized by excessive activity of the gonads (testes in males and ovaries in females), leading to overproduction of sex hormones, which can result in early puberty, menstrual irregularities, or fertility issues

Reproductive System Prefixes

hypo-

Below

Example Hypogonadism:

Reduced function of the gonads (testes or ovaries), leading to decreased hormone production and issues like infertility or delayed puberty

Reproductive System Prefixes

oligo-

Small amount

Example Oligospermia:

A condition characterized by a low sperm count in semen, often contributing to male infertility

Reproductive System Prefixes

par-

 Near

Example Parovarian cyst:

A fluid-filled cyst near the ovary, usually arising from the remnants of embryonic structures

Reproductive System Prefixes

 peri-

Surrounding

Example: Perimetrium:

The outermost layer of the uterus, surrounding the uterine wall and providing structural support

Reproductive System Prefixes

Trans-

Through, across, beyond

Example Transvaginal ultrasound:

An imaging procedure where a probe is inserted through the vaginal canal to obtain detailed images of reproductive organs like the uterus and ovaries

Endocrine system Prefixes 

eu-

Good, normal 

Example: Euthyroid:

A state in which the thyroid gland functions normally, producing the right levels of thyroid hormones necessary for metabolism and growth

Endocrine system Prefixes

hyper 

Above, excessive 

Example: Hyperthyroidism:

A condition in which the thyroid gland produces excessive thyroid hormones, leading to symptoms such as rapid heartbeat, weight loss, and nervousness

Endocrine system Prefixes

hypo-

Below, under, deficient

Example: Hypoglycemia:

A condition characterized by abnormally low blood sugar levels, often causing symptoms such as dizziness, shakiness, and confusion

Endocrine system Prefixes

oxy-

Rapid, sharp, acid

Example: Oxytocin:

A hormone released by the pituitary gland that stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth and the release of milk during breastfeeding

Endocrine system Prefixes

pan-

All, total

Example: Panhypopituitarism:

A condition in which the pituitary gland fails to produce or secretes all of its hormones, leading to a wide range of endocrine dysfunctions

Endocrine system Prefixes

para

Around, beside, beyond, abnormal

Example: Parathyroid:

Small glands located beside the thyroid gland, responsible for regulating calcium levels in the blood and bone metabolism

Endocrine system Prefixes

poly-

 Many or much

Example: Polyuria:

Excessive urination, a common symptom of diabetes mellitus due to high blood sugar levels affecting kidney function

Endocrine system Prefixes

syn-

 Joined, together

Example: Synergistic hormones:

Hormones that work together to amplify their effects, such as insulin and growth hormone in promoting cell growth

Endocrine system Prefixes

tetr-

tetr-:

Four Example: Tetralogy of Fallot:

A condition involving four congenital heart defects that may indirectly affect endocrine function due to oxygenation issues

Endocrine system Prefixes

tri-

 Three

Example: Triiodothyronine (T3):

A thyroid hormone that contains three iodine atoms and plays a critical role in regulating metabolism and energy levels

Endocrine system Suffixes

-drome:

Run, running together

Example: Syndrome:

A group of symptoms or signs that occur together, such as Cushing’s syndrome, which results from excessive cortisol production by the adrenal glands

Endocrine system Suffixes

-ectomy

Excision, cut out

Example: Thyroidectomy:

Surgical removal of the thyroid gland, often performed to treat conditions such as hyperthyroidism, thyroid cancer, or goiters

Endocrine system Suffixes

-emia 

Condition of the blood

Example: Hyperglycemia:

High levels of glucose in the blood, commonly associated with diabetes mellitus and requiring careful monitoring and management

Endocrine system suffixes

-ism

 State of

Example: Hypothyroidism:

A state of underactive thyroid function, resulting in reduced production of thyroid hormones and symptoms like fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance

Endocrine system Suffixes

-itis 

Inflammation

Example: Thyroiditis:

Inflammation of the thyroid gland, which may result from autoimmune conditions like Hashimoto's thyroiditis or infections

Endocrine system Suffixes

-logist

Specialist who studies and treats

Example: Endocrinologist:

A medical specialist who studies and treats disorders of the endocrine system, such as diabetes, thyroid diseases, and hormonal imbalances

Endocrine system Suffixes

-logy

Study of

Example: Endocrinology:

The study of the endocrine system, including the glands, hormones, and their related diseases

Endocrine system Suffixes

-megaly 

Enlarged, enlargement

Example: Acromegaly:

Abnormal enlargement of extremities caused by excessive growth hormone secretion from the pituitary gland in adulthood

Endocrine system Suffixes

-oid

Resembling

Example: Adrenoid:

Resembling the adrenal glands in shape or function, possibly used in anatomical studies or to describe tissue with adrenal-like characteristics

Endocrine system Suffixes

-oma

Tumor

Example: Insulinoma:

A tumor of the pancreas that produces excessive amounts of insulin, often leading to episodes of hypoglycemia

Endocrine system Suffixes

-pathy

Disease

Example: Adenopathy:

A disease or enlargement of glandular tissue, such as in swollen lymph nodes or glandular dysfunction in the endocrine system

Endocrine system Suffixes

-plasia

Condition of, formation, development, growth

Example: Hyperplasia:

Excessive growth or formation of cells within an endocrine gland, such as adrenal hyperplasia, which can affect hormone production

Endocrine system Suffixes

-tomy 

 Incision, cut into

Example: Adrenalotomy:

A surgical incision into the adrenal gland, often performed to remove a tumor or investigate gland abnormalities

Reproductive System Suffixes 

-al

Pertaining to

Example Vaginal:

Pertaining to the vagina, as in vaginal delivery, which refers to childbirth through the birth canal

Reproductive System Suffixes 

-algia

Pain

Example Orchidalgia:

Pain in one or both testicles. The pain can vary from mild discomfort to severe and may be acute (sudden) or chronic (lasting for a longer time)

Reproductive System Suffixes 

-ar

Pertaining to

Example Seminiferous:

Pertaining to the production of semen, such as in seminiferous tubules found in the testes

Reproductive System Suffixes 

-atresia

 Occlusion, closure

Example Vaginal atresia:

Congenital closure or absence of the vaginal canal, which may require surgical correction

Reproductive System Suffixes 

-cision

Process of cutting

Example Incision:

A surgical cut made during procedures, such as a cesarean section (C-section)

Reproductive System Suffixes 

-cleisis

Surgical closure

Example Colpocleisis:

Surgical closure of the vaginal canal, often performed to treat uterine prolapse in elderly patients who are not sexually active

Reproductive System Suffixes 

-ectomy

Reproductive System Suffixes 

-genesis

 Beginning, development, or production

Example Spermatogenesis:

The production and development of sperm in the testes

Reproductive System Suffixes 

-gram

Record

Example Hysterosalpingogram:

A radiographic image of the uterus and fallopian tubes, used to assess fertility or detect blockages

Reproductive System Suffixes 

-graphy

Process of recording

Example Mammography:

The process of obtaining X-ray images of the breasts to screen for abnormalities such as tumors

Reproductive System Suffixes 

-ia

Diseased state, abnormal state, condition of

Example Amenorrhea:

The absence of menstrual periods, which can result from hormonal imbalances or other medical conditions

Reproductive System Suffixes 

-ic

Pertaining to

Example Pelvic:

Pertaining to the pelvis, as in pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), an infection of the reproductive organs

Reproductive System Suffixes 

-ism

State of, condition

Example Cryptorchidism:

A condition where one or both testicles fail to descend into the scrotum, often requiring surgical correction

Reproductive System Suffixes 

-itis

Inflammation

Example Endometritis:

Inflammation of the inner lining of the uterus, often caused by infection or retained tissue after childbirth

Reproductive System Suffixes 

-logy

Study of

Example Gynecology:

The study of the female reproductive system, including its disorders and diseases

Reproductive System Suffixes 

-lysis

 Loosening, dissolution, separating

Example Adhesiolysis:

The surgical removal of adhesions, which are bands of scar tissue that can form in the pelvic region and affect fertility

Reproductive System Suffixes 

-oma

 Tumor, mass

Example Teratoma:

A type of tumor composed of tissues from different germ layers, often found in the ovaries or testes

Reproductive System Suffixes

-ous 

Pertaining to

Example Gravidous:

Pertaining to pregnancy, often used in terms like multigravidous (having had multiple pregnancies)

Reproductive System Suffixes 

-pathy

Disease

Example Endometriopathy:

Disease of the endometrium, which may lead to abnormal uterine bleeding or infertility

Reproductive System Suffixes 

-pexy

Surgical fixation, suspension

Example Oophoropexy:

Surgical fixation of an ovary, often performed to prevent ovarian torsion

Reproductive System Suffixes 

-plasia

Development, growth

Example Hyperplasia:

Excessive growth of cells, such as endometrial hyperplasia, which can increase the risk of uterine cancer

Reproductive System Suffixes 

-plasty

Surgical repair

Example Vaginoplasty:

Surgical repair or reconstruction of the vagina, often performed for congenital abnormalities or after trauma

Reproductive System Suffixes 

-rrhagia

Rapid flow of blood

Example Menorrhagia:

Excessive or prolonged menstrual bleeding, which may result from uterine fibroids or hormonal imbalances

Reproductive System Suffixes 

-rrhaphy

Suturing, repairing

Example Perineorrhaphy:

Surgical suturing of the perineum, often performed after childbirth to repair tears

Reproductive System Suffixes 

-rrhea

Flow, discharge

Example Leukorrhea:

A white or yellowish vaginal discharge, often indicating an infection or hormonal changes

Reproductive System Suffixes 

-stomy

Creation of a new opening

Example Colpostomy:

The surgical creation of an opening in the vaginal wall to drain fluid or provide access for treatment

Reproductive System Suffixes 

-tomy

Cut into, incision

Example Episiotomy:

A surgical incision made in the perineum to enlarge the vaginal opening during childbirth

Endocrine System word roots

aden/o

Gland

Example Adenoma:

A benign tumor of an endocrine gland, such as a pituitary adenoma, which can affect hormone production and cause symptoms like vision problems or hormonal imbalances

Endocrine System word roots

adren/o, adrenal/o

Adrenal glands

Example Adrenalectomy:

Surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands, often performed to treat adrenal tumors or excessive hormone secretion

Endocrine System word roots

calc/i

Calcium

Example Hypercalcemia:

An elevated level of calcium in the blood, often caused by overactivity of the parathyroid glands (hyperparathyroidism)

Endocrine System word roots

cortic/o

Cortex, outer layer of a body organ

Example Corticosteroids:

Hormones produced by the adrenal cortex, such as cortisol, which play roles in stress response, immune regulation, and metabolism

Endocrine System word roots

dips/o

Thirst

Example Polydipsia:

Excessive thirst, commonly associated with diabetes mellitus or diabetes insipidus due to hormonal imbalances affecting water regulation

Endocrine System word roots

endocrine/o

Endocrine

Example Endocrinopathy:

A disease or disorder affecting the endocrine system, including the glands and hormones that regulate bodily functions

Endocrine System word roots

glyc/o

Sugar

Example Hyperglycemia:

Elevated blood sugar levels, a hallmark of diabetes mellitus caused by insufficient insulin production or action

Endocrine System word roots

home/o

 Sameness

Example Homeostasis:

The maintenance of a stable internal environment in the body, such as balanced hormone levels to regulate metabolism and growth

Endocrine System word roots

kal/i

Potassium

Example Hypokalemia:

A condition characterized by low potassium levels in the blood, which can result from adrenal dysfunction such as hyperaldosteronism

Endocrine System word roots

myx/o

Mucus

Example Myxedema:

Severe hypothyroidism characterized by swelling and deposits of mucus-like substances in the skin, often affecting the face and extremities

Endocrine System word roots

natr/o

Sodium

Example Hyponatremia:

A condition characterized by low sodium levels in the blood, which can result from hormonal imbalances such as adrenal insufficiency

Endocrine System word roots

parathyroid/o

 Parathyroid gland

Example Parathyroidectomy:

Surgical removal of one or more parathyroid glands, often performed to treat hyperparathyroidism and manage calcium imbalances

Endocrine System word roots

pituitary /o

Pituitary gland

Example Pituitarism:

Any disorder of the pituitary gland, such as hypopituitarism, which results in decreased hormone production and widespread endocrine effects

Endocrine System word roots

somat/o

 Body

Example Somatotropin:

A growth hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates body growth and cell reproduction

Endocrine System word roots

thry/o, thyroid/o

Thyroid gland

Example Thyrotoxicosis:

A condition caused by excessive thyroid hormone levels, leading to symptoms such as rapid heartbeat, weight loss, and tremors

Reproductive System word roots

andr/o

 Male

Example Androgen:

A group of male sex hormones, including testosterone, responsible for the development of male characteristics such as facial hair, deep voice, and muscle mass. Androgens also play roles in libido, bone density, and reproductive health in both males and females

Reproductive System word roots

arche/o

 First, beginning

Example Menarche:

The first occurrence of menstruation, marking the onset of reproductive capability in females

Reproductive System word roots

balan/o

Glans penis

Example Balanitis:

Inflammation of the glans penis, often caused by poor hygiene, infections, or irritants

Reproductive System word roots

cervic/o

Cervix

Example Cervicitis:

Inflammation of the cervix, often caused by infections such as chlamydia or gonorrhea

Reproductive System word roots

colp/o

Vagina

Example Colposcopy:

A visual examination of the vagina and cervix using a specialized magnifying instrument to detect abnormalities

Reproductive System word roots

crypt/o

Hidden

Example Cryptomenorrhea:

A condition where menstrual blood is produced but cannot exit the body due to an obstruction, most commonly an imperforate hymen. It causes pelvic pain without visible menstruation and typically requires a minor surgical procedure to restore normal menstrual flow

Reproductive word roots

endometri/o

 Endometrium

Example Endometriosis:

A condition where endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus, causing pain, heavy periods, and potential infertility

Reproductive System word roots

epididym/o

 Epididymis

Example Epididymitis:

Inflammation of the epididymis, a coiled tube at the back of the testicle that stores and carries sperm

Reproductive System word roots

episi/o

 Vulva

Example Episiotomy:

A surgical incision made in the vulva to enlarge the vaginal opening during childbirth

Reproductive System word roots

gonad/o

Gonad

Example The surgical removal of the gonads (testes in males or ovaries in females).

This procedure is performed to treat conditions such as gonadal cancer, hormone-sensitive cancers like breast or prostate cancer, or as part of gender-affirming surgeries

Reproductive System word roots

gyn/o, gynec/o

Woman

Example Gynecomastia:

A condition in males characterized by the enlargement of breast tissue, giving a female-like appearance. It is often caused by hormonal imbalances, medications, or underlying health conditions and can occur during puberty or in adulthood

Reproductive System word roots

hemat/o

Blood

Example Hematosalpinx:

The presence of blood in the fallopian tube, often associated with ectopic pregnancy or trauma

Reproductive System word roots

hymen/o

Hymen

Example Hymenotomy:

A surgical procedure to remove or open the hymen, often performed to address issues like imperforate hymen

Reproductive System word roots

hyster/o

Uterus

Example Hysterectomy:

Surgical removal of the uterus, often performed to treat fibroids, uterine cancer, or severe bleeding

Reproductive System word roots

leuk/o

White

Example Leukoplakia:

The formation of white patches on mucous membranes, such as the vulva in reproductive health. Vulvar leukoplakia can cause discomfort and may sometimes be precancerous, requiring further medical evaluation

Reproductive System word roots

mamm/o, mast/o

Breast

Example Mammogram:

An X-ray image of the breast used to screen for abnormalities such as lumps or tumors

Reproductive System word roots

men/o

 Menstruation

Example Menopause:

The cessation of menstruation, marking the end of reproductive capability in women

Reproductive System word roots

metr/i

Uterus

Example Metritis:

Inflammation of the uterus, often caused by infections following childbirth or miscarriage

Reproductive System word roots

oophor/o

Ovary

Example Oophorectomy:

Surgical removal of one or both ovaries, often performed to treat ovarian cancer or cysts

Reproductive System word roots

orch/o, orchi/o, Orchid/o

Testis, testicle

Example: Orchiectomy –

Surgical removal of one or both testicles, often performed to treat testicular cancer

Reproductive System word roots

pelv/i

Pelvis, pelvic bones, pelvic cavity

Example Pelvimetry:

Measurement of the dimensions of the pelvis, often performed during pregnancy to assess the feasibility of vaginal delivery

Reproductive System word roots

pen/I, phall/o

 Penis

Example Phalloplasty:

Surgical reconstruction or construction of a penis, often performed in gender-affirming surgeries

Reproductive System word roots

perine/o

Perineum

Example Perineoplasty:

Surgical repair of the perineum, often performed after childbirth or trauma

Reproductive System word roots

posth/o, preputi/o

Prepuce, foreskin

Example Posthitis:

Inflammation of the foreskin, often associated with infections or poor hygiene

Reproductive System word roots

prostat/o

Prostate gland

Example Prostatitis:

Inflammation of the prostate gland, which can cause pain, urinary problems, and sexual dysfunction

Reproductive System word roots

salping/o

Uterine tube, fallopian tube

Example Salpingectomy:

Surgical removal of a fallopian tube, often performed in cases of ectopic pregnancy or severe infections

Reproductive System word roots

scrot/o

Scrotum

Example Scrotoplasty:

Surgical repair of the scrotum, often performed for injuries or congenital abnormalities

Reproductive System word roots

son/o

Sound waves

Example Sonohysterography:

A diagnostic imaging technique using sound waves to evaluate the uterus and detect abnormalities

Reproductive System word roots

sperm/o, spermat/o

Sperm, spermatozoon

Example Spermatorrhea:

The involuntary discharge of semen without orgasm, which can result from neurological disorders, hormonal imbalances, or infections affecting the male reproductive system.

Reproductive System word roots

test/o, testicular/o

 Testis, testicle

Example Testicular torsion:

A condition where the testicle twists, cutting off its blood supply, and requiring emergency treatment

Reproductive System word roots

trachel/o

Cervix

Example Trachelectomy:

Surgical removal of the cervix, often performed as a fertility-sparing option for early-stage cervical cancer

Reproductive System word roots

urethr/o

Urethra

Example Urethrocele:

Prolapse or herniation of the urethra, often seen in women due to pelvic floor weakness

Reproductive System word roots

vagin/o

 Vagina

Example Vaginismus:

Involuntary muscle contractions of the vagina, often causing pain during intercourse or medical exams

Reproductive System word roots

vas/o

 Vas deferens, vessel, duct

Example Vasectomy:

Surgical cutting and sealing of the vas deferens to prevent sperm from reaching the semen as a form of permanent contraception

Reproductive System word roots

vesicul/o

Seminal vesicle

Example Vesiculitis:

Inflammation of the seminal vesicles, which can cause pain and affect fertility

Reproductive System word roots

vulv/o

Vulva

Example Vulvodynia:

Chronic pain or discomfort of the vulva, often with no identifiable cause

Endocrine System Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Eponyms

ALD

Aldosterone

A hormone produced by the adrenal glands that helps regulate blood pressure and balance electrolytes by promoting sodium retention and potassium excretion

Endocrine System Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Eponyms

ACTH

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

A hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates the adrenal glands to release cortisol, which helps regulate stress, metabolism, and immune response

Endocrine System Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Eponyms

ADH

Antidiuretic Hormone

A hormone produced by the hypothalamus and stored in the pituitary gland that regulates water balance in the body by reducing urine production and increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys

Endocrine System Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Eponyms

DKA

Diabetic Ketoacidosis

A serious complication of diabetes where the body produces high levels of blood acids (ketones) due to insufficient insulin, often accompanied by high blood sugar levels and dehydration

Endocrine System Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Eponyms

DM

Diabetes Mellitus

A group of metabolic disorders characterized by high blood sugar levels resulting from either insufficient insulin production (type 1) or resistance to insulin (type 2)

Endocrine System Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Eponyms

EPI, Epi

Epinephrine

A hormone and neurotransmitter, also known as adrenaline, produced by the adrenal glands to prepare the body for the "fight or flight" response by increasing heart rate, blood flow, and energy availability

Endocrine System Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Eponyms

FBS

Fasting Blood Sugar

A test that measures blood glucose levels after an overnight fast to help diagnose diabetes or monitor blood sugar control

Endocrine System Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Eponyms

FSH

Follicle- Stimulating Hormone

A hormone produced by the pituitary gland that plays a critical role in reproductive processes, including the maturation of eggs in females and the production of sperm in males

Endocrine System Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Eponyms

GD

Graves' Disease

An autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, where the immune system attacks the thyroid gland, leading to overproduction of thyroid hormones

Endocrine System Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Eponyms

HGH

Human Growth Hormone

A hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and regeneration in the body, particularly during childhood and adolescence

Endocrine System Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Eponyms

LADA

Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults

A form of type 1 diabetes that develops more slowly and typically occurs in adults, often misdiagnosed as type 2 diabetes due to its gradual onset

Endocrine System Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Eponyms

OGTT

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test

A test that measures blood sugar levels before and after drinking a glucose-containing solution to diagnose diabetes or gestational diabetes

Endocrine System Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Eponyms

RAI

Radioactive Iodine Treatment

A therapy using radioactive iodine to destroy overactive thyroid cells, commonly used to treat hyperthyroidism or thyroid cancer

Endocrine System Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Eponyms

TSH

Thyroid- Stimulating Hormone

A hormone produced by the pituitary gland that regulates the production of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) by stimulating the thyroid gland

Endocrine System Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Eponyms

Addison's Disease

Named after: Thomas Addison, a British physician

A condition caused by adrenal insufficiency, leading to reduced production of cortisol and aldosterone. Symptoms include fatigue, hyperpigmentation, low blood pressure, and weight loss

Endocrine System Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Eponyms

Cushing's Syndrome 

Named After: Harvey Cushing, an American neurosurgeon.

A disorder caused by excessive cortisol levels, often due to a pituitary adenoma or long-term corticosteroid use. Symptoms include moon face, central obesity, purple striae, and hypertension

Endocrine System Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Eponyms

Hashimoto's Thyroiditis

Named After: Hakaru Hashimoto, a Japanese physician.

An autoimmune disorder leading to hypothyroidism due to chronic inflammation of the thyroid gland. Symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, and dry skin

Endocrine System Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Eponyms

 Islet of Langerhans

Named After: Paul Langerhans, a German pathologist.

Clusters of endocrine cells in the pancreas that secrete insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin. Dysfunction can lead to diabetes mellitus or other metabolic disorders

Reproductive System Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Eponyms

AMN

Amniocentesis

A diagnostic procedure in which a needle is inserted into the amniotic sac to collect amniotic fluid, often used to detect chromosomal abnormalities or infections during pregnancy

Reproductive System Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Eponyms

BV

Bacterial Vaginosis

A common vaginal infection caused by an imbalance in the natural bacteria of the vagina, often resulting in unusual discharge, odor, and irritation

Reproductive System Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Eponyms

C-section

Cesarean Section

A surgical procedure used to deliver a baby through incisions made in the abdomen and uterus, often performed when a vaginal delivery is unsafe

Reproductive System Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Eponyms

HRT

Hormone Replacement Therapy

A treatment involving supplemental hormones, typically estrogen and/or progesterone, used to alleviate symptoms of menopause or hormonal imbalances

Reproductive System Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Eponyms

HPV

Human Papillomaviruses

A group of viruses that can cause genital warts and are associated with cervical cancer, as well as other types of cancer in both men and women

Reproductive System Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Eponyms

HYS

Hysteroscopy 

A minimally invasive procedure in which a thin, lighted scope is inserted into the uterus through the vagina to examine the uterine cavity and treat abnormalities

Reproductive System Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Eponyms

IUD

Intrauterine Device

A small, T-shaped device inserted into the uterus for long-term contraception, available in hormonal and non-hormonal (copper) types

Reproductive System Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Eponyms

NICU

Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

A specialized unit in a hospital that provides intensive care to premature or critically ill newborns

Reproductive System Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Eponyms

PID

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

An infection of the female reproductive organs, often caused by sexually transmitted bacteria, which can lead to infertility if untreated

Reproductive System Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Eponyms

PMS

Premenstrual Syndrome

A group of symptoms, including mood swings, bloating, and irritability, that occur in the days leading up to menstruation

Reproductive System Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Eponyms

STI's, STDs 

Sexually Transmitted Infections or Sexually Transmitted Diseases 

Infections transmitted through sexual contact, caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites, including chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and HIV

Reproductive System Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Eponyms

Bartholin's Glands 

Named After: Caspar Bartholin the Younger, a Danish anatomist.

Paired glands located on either side of the vaginal opening that secrete mucus to lubricate the vulva. Infections of these glands can result in Bartholin's cysts or abscesses, causing pain and swelling in the vulvar region

Reproductive System Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Eponyms

Cowper's Glands

Named After: William Cowper, An English anatomist.

Also known as the bulbourethral glands, they are small glands in males that produce a pre-ejaculate fluid to neutralize acidity in the urethra. These glands play a role in enhancing sperm viability during ejaculation and reducing damage to sperm caused by residual urine

Reproductive System Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Eponyms

Hegar's Sign

Named After: Alfred Hegar, a German gynecologist.

A clinical sign characterized by the softening of the lower uterine segment during early pregnancy. This is used as an early indicator of pregnancy during pelvic exams