Term
| When and where did audiotape come from? |
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Definition
1940's after WWII.
From the German Engineers |
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Term
| When did CD sales double LP sales? |
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Definition
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Term
| What forms of music did rock and roll incorporate to make this new sound? |
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Definition
| African American influences of urban blues, gospel, and R&B with white influences of country, folk and pop. |
|
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Term
| what social, cultural, economic factors contributed to the growth of rock and roll? |
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Definition
youth sought an escape from the world.
threat of atomic bomb, cold war, and communism |
|
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Term
| whatold distinction and traditions did rock and roll begin to blur in the 1950s |
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Definition
high and low culture
masculinity and feminity |
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Term
what producer and what company championed soul music in the 1960s?
why was it such a success? |
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Definition
motown-berry gordy
it rivaled the pop success of british bands |
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Term
| what did the punk rock and new wave movement do to rock and roll in the 70s and 80s? what was the movement a response to? how did it change music? |
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Definition
| It challenged orthodoxy and commercialism record. Artists wanted to create new music as opposed to classic punk. The punk movement was fairly political in England, and because there were so many class problems they were over the fact that they still had a queen. In the US it was less political. They just did the most anti-establishment possible. |
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Term
| what did punk and grunge rock do to rock and roll in the 70s and 90s? What was the movement a response to? How did it change music? |
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Definition
| Both subcategories of alternative rock. Offered a departure from the theatrics and staged shows of rock. Criticizes “popularity”. Often start as independent labels. internet buzz spreads their music. |
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Term
| How did hip hop music redraw the musical lines of the 1990’s? |
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Definition
| Hip hop combines social politics, swagger and confrontational lyrics with longstanding traditions of blues, R&B, soul, and rock. |
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Term
| What are some of the controversy issues surrounding the proliferation of hip hop music? |
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Definition
| It is nonprofessional. controversial issues: gender, class sexuality, violence and drugs |
|
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Term
| How much money does an artist receive from a single CD? |
|
Definition
| 8-12% negotiated or even up to 15% sometimes. Typically $.50-$2.00 |
|
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Term
| What is the controversy with MP3 and the spread of music over the internet? |
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Definition
| it violates music copyrights, music industry loses sales to illegal downloading |
|
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Term
| What music forms helped originate rhythm and blues, and rock and roll? |
|
Definition
| blues-based urban black music |
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Term
| How were black artists and their intellectual property treated in early rock and roll? |
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Definition
| white artists could produce blacks music and make it famous. |
|
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Term
| What is the trend in music company ownership? |
|
Definition
| 4 major labels exist: Sony, Universal, Warner and EMI. Thousands of Indies |
|
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Term
| where does the term "radio" come from? |
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Definition
| Telo = Greek word Telos, which means "to an end". Radio = Radiation. Combined = Radiotelephony, shortened to Radio. |
|
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Term
| what is a hertz? where did it come from? |
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Definition
| Radio wave, named after Heinrich Hertz (who was the first to prove there were electromagnetic waves in the air that we can't see.) |
|
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Term
| What did Marconi do? Why was he famous? What were his contributions to radio? |
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Definition
| eliminated sound's dependence on wires and put sound on airwaves |
|
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Term
| What did Nikolas Tesla invent? |
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Definition
1895 radio
1935 Wireless telegraphy is electric telegraphy that does not have wires connecting the endpoints. |
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Term
Who was Reginald Fessenden?
What was his contribution to radio? |
|
Definition
Was an engineer for General Electric
Was known for the first voice transmission |
|
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Term
Who was Lee DeForest? What did he call himself?
What did he invent? |
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Definition
Called himself “The Father of Radio.”
Created the Audion Tube - improved the detection and amplification of radio signal |
|
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Term
Who is David Sarnoff?
why is he important to radio? |
|
Definition
Was head of the RCA.
Effectively stalls the emergence of FM radio for almost 20 years by taking Armstrong to court. |
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Term
Who was Frank Conrad?
What was his contribution to radio? |
|
Definition
Engineer for Westinghouse
the first DJ |
|
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Term
|
Definition
november 2, 1920
evening of the harding/cox presidential election |
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Term
| first radio station with call letters |
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Definition
|
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Term
| different trends that happened to radio in the 1920’ |
|
Definition
| Radio was just coming into the masses, but quickly became popular with the formation of the first radio networks. People began listening to comedy shows, soap operas and other radio dramas. |
|
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Term
| Who wanted regulation in the mid-1920’s |
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Definition
| Broadcasters did; the government did not. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many networks did NBC own? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| who was edwin r armstrong |
|
Definition
| engineer for RCA. invented FM |
|
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Term
| What happened to radio when the popularity of television increased in the late 40’s and early 50’s? |
|
Definition
| as soon as television proved itself, advertisers and talent abandoned radio. |
|
|
Term
| How was radio saved form its demise after television? |
|
Definition
| The FCC's licensing of FM; A new source of recorded music for broadcast; The introduction of radio formats; & The introduction of reliable clock and car radios |
|
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Term
| How did the Telecommunications Act of 1996 effect radio? |
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Definition
Changed the limit of radio stations a company can own in each market, based on percentages, depending on the size of the market. (larger the market, more one can own.)
Companies can now hold more than one medium in the same market |
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of radio today? |
|
Definition
Radio has a local focus (Not national)
Radio Audience is fragmented
Radio is specialized formats
There are approximately 91 different radio formats
Radio is a Personal Experience
Most of us listen alone
Radio personalities talk to us
Radio is Mobile
Anywhere, anytime |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| what a radio station is based on |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is NPR affected by government and other commercial broadcasters? |
|
Definition
| The government cut funds to public radio in favor of commercial broadcasters. Public radio has however taken the format style, much like commercial radio. |
|
|
Term
| what happened with the invention of transistors? |
|
Definition
| People were able to carry around radios, since the transistor made them small and portable |
|
|
Term
| What's the most widely listened to radio format today? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the main ideas/claims behind the video ‘Corporate FM’? |
|
Definition
| Since the Telecommunications Act of 1996, there has been a steady progression of radio toward automated, flavorless radio that creates a lack of variety, and stagnates independent music by failing to give air time to local talent. It’s also trivialized the role of the DJ, giving on-air personalities less freedom with program selection, and paying them less and less. |
|
|
Term
| How early was television an actual possibility? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vladimir Zworykin - television |
|
Definition
worked in westingtonhouse
developed iconscope: all electronic tv camera tube system |
|
|
Term
| philo t. farnsworth - television |
|
Definition
| Patented an electronic image dissector tube |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sarnoff: Head of NBC & RCA manufacturing, TV's biggest promoter. said to BROADCAST.
Paley: Head of CBS. sold ads and got sponsors. programs people wanted to hear |
|
|
Term
| When did the expansion of television explode? Why? |
|
Definition
| After WWII. Because people had more money for luxurious things. |
|
|
Term
| Why did the FCC freeze television in 1948? |
|
Definition
Too many applications for stations meant the current standards were not sufficient to meet
demand |
|
|
Term
| What happened when the FCC’s Sixth Report and Order was enacted? |
|
Definition
Added UHF - 70 new channels
City by City allotment - separation of channels by city |
|
|
Term
What does UHF and VHF stand for?
Problems with UHF signals vs. VHF?
How were the problems corrected? |
|
Definition
UHF: Ultra High Frequency
VHF: Very High Frequency
RCA wasn't required to have UHF tuners, had to add antenna. very hard to tune. |
|
|
Term
What is a television network?
Why have networks? |
|
Definition
An organization that distributes programs to its providers.
so programs can be broadcasted at the same time |
|
|
Term
| Who are the customers of broadcasting? |
|
Definition
| advertisers and the audience |
|
|
Term
| What happened with the rise and fall of quiz shows? |
|
Definition
Rise: cheap to produce, used nonactors, people could win big
Fall: Rigged gameshows- people stopped watching - hurt their business. US = + cynical |
|
|
Term
| How did sponsorships of programs collapse? |
|
Definition
| When NBC and CBS started to extend program length and increased the costs for sponsoring |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Community Antenna Television |
|
|
Term
| Why was cable TV invented? |
|
Definition
| In some areas there were poor broadcast signals. CATV was invented to give better signal and quality in these areas |
|
|
Term
| Why was cable’s growth so slow? Who was responsible? Why? |
|
Definition
| The FCC banned cable in cities because they thought it would interfere with UHF signals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| providing specialized programming for diverse and fragmented groups |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the big networks siphoned off narrowcasted cable channels |
|
|
Term
What is a superstation?
Who coined the term? |
|
Definition
Independent TV stations uplinked to a satellite
WGN in Chicago |
|
|
Term
| Why does a station want to be a network affiliate? |
|
Definition
| Affiliate stations have the rights to broadcast popular programs originally aired on other networks. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
recurring cast, each episode establishes a narrative situation, complicates it, develops increasing confusion among its characters, and then usually resolves the
complications. (I Love Lucy) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
characters and settings are usually more important than complicated
predicaments, main narrative features a personal problem or family crisis that characters have to resolve. Great emphasis on character development (The Office) |
|
|
Term
| What helped independent stations grow in the 80’s and 90’s? |
|
Definition
| growth and development of cable television |
|
|
Term
| What phenomenon was responsible for the growth of cable? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How important is audience size between network and cable channels? |
|
Definition
cable: more narrow
network: broader |
|
|
Term
| what does it mean when a show is stripped? |
|
Definition
| Running the same show every day (or M-F) at the same time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fin-Syn: constituted the most damaging attack against the network TV monopoly in FCC history, banned the networks from reaping huge profits from syndicated programs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ensured that local network affiliates, independent stations and public
television channels would benefit from cable's clearer reception. prohibited # of distant commercial TV signals to two or three independent stations per market, and prohibited cable companies from bringing in network-affiliated stations from another city when a local one already carried it. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Programs originally designed for syndication on a growth market: talk shows, games shows, action, court dramas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Programs that originally aired during Primetime, Typically
programming is Stripped, M-F at the same time 5 day/wk, 1/2 hour more likely than hour programs |
|
|
Term
| What role has PBS played in our culture and democracy? |
|
Definition
| “Public Broadcast System” is under the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. We the people and the government put the bill. They are not held to ratings such as commercial stations are. Commercial interests do not fund public broadcast. It can be underwritten by the corporations. |
|
|
Term
| what are PBS's struggles? |
|
Definition
| They don’t want people telling them what they can and cannot do. They have to get more money from corporations and trust funds. |
|
|
Term
| What was the original 4th network? |
|
Definition
| DuMont, created in the 40’s. built by a television engineer |
|
|
Term
| What impact has the Telecommunication Act of 1996 had on the television and cable industry? |
|
Definition
| government had less influence on radio and television business, which allowed large companies to merge and practice monopolistic business tactics. |
|
|
Term
| What two cable channels highly changed our cultural landscape? |
|
Definition
HBO: movies all day, no ads
MTV: changed the idea of music to being visual. They also never had other people come in and say “this is what we are going to do to your music.” Changed editing and camera styles and attention spans. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| video killed the radio star |
|
|
Term
| when did Kurt Cobain die? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1st TV show to utilize 3-camera |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| CNN- 1st 24-hour news channel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| CBS - Columbian Broadcasting System |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Canadian inventor- the use of continuous waves and the first—radio transmissions of voice and music. |
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