Oxy

Meaning: Rapid, sharp, acid Example: Oxytocin: A hormone released by the pituitary gland that stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth and the release of milk during breastfeeding.

Para

Meaning: Around, beside, beyond, abnormal Example: Parathyroid: Small glands located beside the thyroid gland, responsible for regulating calcium levels in the blood and bone metabolism.

Syn

Meaning : Joined, together Example: Synergistic hormones: Hormones that work together to amplify their effects, such as insulin and growth hormone in promoting cell growth.

Tetr

Meaning : Four Example: Tetralogy of Fallot: A condition involving four congenital heart defects that may indirectly affect endocrine function due to oxygenation issues.

Pan

Meaning : All, total Example: Panhypopituitarism: A condition in which the pituitary gland fails to produce or secretes all of its hormones, leading to a wide range of endocrine dysfunctions.

Emia

Meaning : Condition of the blood Example: Hyperglycemia: High levels of glucose in the blood, commonly associated with diabetes mellitus and requiring careful monitoring and management.

Oid

Meaning : Resembling Example: Adrenoid: Resembling the adrenal glands in shape or function, possibly used in anatomical studies or to describe tissue with adrenal-like characteristics.

Oma

Meaning : Tumor Example: Insulinoma: A tumor of the pancreas that produces excessive amounts of insulin, often leading to episodes of hypoglycemia.

Plasia

Meaning : Condition of, formation, development, growth Example: Hyperplasia: Excessive growth or formation of cells within an endocrine gland, such as adrenal hyperplasia, which can affect hormone production.

Drome

Meaning : Run, running together Example: Syndrome: A group of symptoms or signs that occur together, such as Cushing’s syndrome, which results from excessive cortisol production by the adrenal glands.

endocrin/o

Meaning : Endocrine Example Endocrinopathy: A disease or disorder affecting the endocrine system, including the glands and hormones that regulate bodily functions

Parathyroid/o

Meaning : Parathyroid gland Example Parathyroidectomy: Surgical removal of one or more parathyroid glands, often performed to treat hyperparathyroidism and manage calcium imbalances.

Pituitar/o

Meaning : Pituitary gland Example Pituitarism: Any disorder of the pituitary gland, such as hypopituitarism, which results in decreased hormone production and widespread endocrine effects.

Somat/o

Meaning : Body Example Somatotropin: A growth hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates body growth and cell reproduction.

Cortic/o

Meaning : Cortex, outer layer of a body organ Example Corticosteroids: Hormones produced by the adrenal cortex, such as cortisol, which play roles in stress response, immune regulation, and metabolism.

DKA = Diabetic Ketoacidosis

• A serious complication of diabetes where the body produces high levels of blood acids (ketones) due to insufficient insulin, often accompanied by high blood sugar levels and dehydration.

EPI, Epi = Epinephrine

• A hormone and neurotransmitter, also known as adrenaline, produced by the adrenal glands to prepare the body for the "fight or flight" response by increasing heart rate, blood flow, and energy availability.

FSH = Follicle-Stimulating Hormone

• A hormone produced by the pituitary gland that plays a critical role in reproductive processes, including the maturation of eggs in females and the production of sperm in males.

GD = Graves’ Disease

• An autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, where the immune system attacks the thyroid gland, leading to overproduction of thyroid hormones.

Hashimoto's Thyroiditis

• Named After: Hakaru Hashimoto, a Japanese physician.

An autoimmune disorder leading to hypothyroidism due to chronic inflammation of the thyroid gland. Symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, and dry skin.

Oligo

Meaning : Small amount Example Oligospermia: A condition characterized by a low sperm count in semen, often contributing to male infertility.

Peri

Meaning : Surrounding Example: Perimetrium: The outermost layer of the uterus, surrounding the uterine wall and providing structural support.

Par

Meaning : Near Example Parovarian cyst: A fluid-filled cyst near the ovary, usually arising from the remnants of embryonic structures.

Trans

Meaning : Through, across, beyond Example Transvaginal ultrasound: An imaging procedure where a probe is inserted through the vaginal canal to obtain detailed images of reproductive organs like the uterus and ovaries.

Epi

Meaning : Above Example Epidural: Pertaining to the area upon or above the dura mater of the spinal cord, commonly referring to a type of anesthesia used during childbirth to provide pain relief while allowing the patient to remain awake and alert.

Cision

Meaning : Process of cutting Example Incision: A surgical cut made during procedures, such as a cesarean section (C-section).

Cleisis

Meaning : Surgical closure Example Colpocleisis: Surgical closure of the vaginal canal, often performed to treat uterine prolapse in elderly patients who are not sexually active.

Genesis

Meaning : Beginning, development, or production Example Spermatogenesis: The production and development of sperm in the testes.

Ic

Menaing : Pertaining to Example Pelvic: Pertaining to the pelvis, as in pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), an infection of the reproductive organs.

Itis

Meaning : Inflammation Example Endometritis: Inflammation of the inner lining of the uterus, often caused by infection or retained tissue after childbirth.

Andr/o

Meaning : Male Example Androgen: A group of male sex hormones, including testosterone, responsible for the development of male characteristics such as facial hair, deep voice, and muscle mass. Androgens also play roles in libido, bone density, and reproductive health in both males and females.

Colp/o

Meaning : Vagina Example Colposcopy: A visual examination of the vagina and cervix using a specialized magnifying instrument to detect abnormalities.

Metr/i

Meaning : Uterus Example Metritis: Inflammation of the uterus, often caused by infections following childbirth or miscarriage.

• orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o: Testis, testicle Example: Orchiectomy – Surgical removal of one or both testicles, often performed to treat testicular cancer.

Arche/o

Meaning : First, beginning Example Menarche: The first occurrence of menstruation, marking the onset of reproductive capability in females.

Scrot/o

Meaning : Scrotum Example Scrotoplasty: Surgical repair of the scrotum, often performed for injuries or congenital abnormalities.

Vulv/o

Meaning : Vulva Example Vulvodynia: Chronic pain or discomfort of the vulva, often with no identifiable cause.

BV = Bacterial Vaginosis

• A common vaginal infection caused by an imbalance in the natural bacteria of the vagina, often resulting in unusual discharge, odor, and irritation.

HPV = Human Papillomaviruses

• A group of viruses that can cause genital warts and are associated with cervical cancer, as well as other types of cancer in both men and women.

IUD = Intrauterine Device

• A small, T-shaped device inserted into the uterus for long-term contraception, available in hormonal and non-hormonal (copper) types.