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| Up, upward or back, backward |
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| Difficult, painful, abnormal |
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| Specialist in the study of |
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| Surgical puncture to remove fluid |
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| Having the ability to, pertaining to |
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| Pleura (membrane surrounding the lungs) |
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| Antibody; a protein produced by the immune system in response to foreign substances (antigens) like bacteria, viruses, or toxins |
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| Antigen; any substance that triggers an immune response in the body |
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| Cancer; a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body |
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| Carcinoma in Situ; used to describe cancer cells that are in the place where they first formed and have not spread to surrounding tissues |
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| Ductal Carcinoma In Situ; a non-invasive type of breast cancer where the abnormal cells are found in the lining of a breast duct but have not spread beyond the duct |
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| Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; a lab test used to detect antibodies in the blood, commonly used to diagnose infections like HIV, or monitor immune responses |
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| Hodgkin Lymphoma; a type of cancer that begins in the lymphatic system and is characterized by the presence of abnormal cells called Reed-Sternberg cells |
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| Herpes Zoster; also known as "shingles"; a viral infection caused by the reactivation of the varicella- zoster virus that causes chickenpox |
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| Immunoglobulin A; an antibody that plays a crucial role in mucosal immunity, providing protection to body surfaces such as respiratory and digestive tracts |
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| Immunoglobulin D; a type of antibody that is present in small amounts in the blood and is involved in the activation of the immune response |
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| an antibody involved in allergic reactions and protects against parasitic infections |
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| Immunoglobulin G; the most common type of antibody in the blood and body fluids, providing long-term protection against bacteria and viruses |
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| Immunoglobulin M; is the first antibody produced in response to an infection |
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| a type of antibody produced by the immune system to help fight infections |
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| Lupus Erythematosus; an autoimmune diease where the immune system attacks healthy tissue, causing inflammation, pain, and damage to various parts of the body |
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| Metastasis; refers to the spread of cancer cells from the original (primary) site to other parts of the body |
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| Metastatic; when cancer has spread from the primary site to other parts of the body through the blood stream or lymphatic system |
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| Measles, Mumps, and Rubella; a vaccine that protects against three viral infections |
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| Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma; a group of cancers that originate in the lymphatic system and do NOT involve Reed-Sternberg cells |
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| Varicella Zoster Virus; The virus that causes chickenpox and shingles |
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| Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome; a severe lung condition that occurs when fluid builds up in the alveoli, leading to low oxygen levels in the bloodstream |
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| Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure; A non-invasive ventilator therapy used to help maintain airflow into the lungs by delivering different levels of air pressure during inhalation and exhalation |
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| Bag-Valve Mask; a handheld device used to provide positive pressure ventilation to patients who are not breathing or are breathing inadequately |
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| Cystic Fibrosis; a genetic disorder that affects the lungs and digestive system |
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| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; causes obstructed airflow from the lungs, making it difficult to breathe |
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| Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; a treatment that uses mild air pressure to keep the airways open |
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| Chest X-Ray; a diagnostic imaging test that uses X-rays to create pictures of the chest, including the lungs, heart, and bones |
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| Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery; a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to restore normal drainage and function to the sinuses |
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| Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy; treatment that involves breathing pure oxygen in a pressurized room or chamber |
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| Meter-Dose Inhaler; Delivers a specific amount of medication tot he lungs in the form of a mist |
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| Obstructive Sleep Apnea; a condition in which the muscles in the throat relax excessively during sleep, causing repeated blockages of the airway and interruptions in breathing |
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| Pneumonia; an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs |
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| Pulmonary Function Test; a group of tests that measure how well the lungs are working |
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| Sudden Infant Death Syndrome; the unexplained death of a healthy infant, typically during sleep |
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| Tuberculosis; a serious bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that affects primarily the lungs |
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| Upper Respiratory Infection; An infection that affects the respiratory tract (i.e. the nose, throat, and sinuses) |
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| Video-Assisted Thorascopic Surgery; a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to examine and treat conditions in the chest |
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