-al

Pertaining to Example: Femoral- pertaining to the femur, the largest bone in the body, located in the thigh

-algia

Pain Example: Myalgia- Pain in a muscle, often caused by overuse, injury, or systemic conditions like fibromyalgia

-ar

Pertaining to Example: Patellar- pertaining to the kneecap (patella), a small bone that protects the knee joint and assists in movement

-asthenia

Weakness Example: Myasthenia- Muscle weakness, commonly associated with conditions like myasthenia gravis, an autoimmune disorder affecting neuromuscular function 

-centesis

Surgical puncture to aspirate fluid Example: Arthrocentesis- Surgical puncture of a joint to remove fluid for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes, often used to relieve swelling or analyze joint conditions 

-clasia

Break Example: Osteoclasia- surgical breaking of bone tissue to correct deformities or aid in the healing process in severe cases

-cast

Break Example: Osteoclast- A specialized bone cell that breaks down bone tissue during bone remodeling and repair 

-desis

Surgical fixation, fusion Example: Arthrodesis- Surgical fusion of a joint to provide stability and reduce pain, often used for severe arthritis 

-ectomy

Excision, surgical removal, cutting out Example: Tenectomy- surgical removal of a part of a tendon, often performed to treat chronic tendon inflammation or injury 

-gram

The record, radiographic image Example: Myogram- a record of muscle contraction activity, often used to diagnose neuromuscular disorders

-graphy

Process of recording, radiographic imaging Example: Arthrography- imaging of a joint using contrast dye to assess joint structures such as cartilage, ligaments, and bones

-ic

Pertaining to Example: Thoracic- pertaining to the thorax (chest), which houses the lungs, heart, and other vital structures

-itis

Inflammation Example: Myositis- inflammation of muscle tissue, which can be caused by infections, autoimmune disorders, or trauma

-lysis

Loosening, separating, dissolution Example: Osteolysis- destruction or dissolution of bone tissue, often seen in conditions like bone metastasis or infection

-malacia

Softening Example: Chondromalacia- softening of cartilage, particularly in the knee, leading to pain and difficulty with movement 

-oid

Resembling Example: Myeloid- resembling bone marrow, often used to describe cells or tissues related to hematopoiesis 

-oma

Tumor Example: Rhabdomyoma- A benign tumor of muscle tissue, typically found in the heart or skeletal muscles 

-osis

Abnormal condition Example: Scoliosis- abnormal curvature of the spine, which can cause back pain, reduced mobility, and postural issues 

-penia

Abnormal reduction Examples: Sarcopenia- loss of muscle mass and strength, often associated with aging, inactivity, or poor nutrition

-physis

Growth Example: Epiphysis- the growth end of a long bone, critical during childhood and adolescence for bone elongation

-plasty

Surgical repair Example: Myoplasty- surgical repair of reconstruction of damaged or weakened muscle tissue 

-rrhaphy

Suturing, repairing Example: Tenorrhaphy- suturing of a torn or severed tendon to restore function and stability 

-sarcoma

Malignant tumor Example: Osteosarcoma- a malignant bone tumor commonly affecting children and young adults, requiring surgical and medial treatment

-scopy

Process of viewing, visual examination Example: Arthroscopy- visual examination of a joint using a specialized instrument to diagnose and treat joint conditions 

-tomy

Incision, cut into Example: Myotomy- surgical incision into a muscle, often performed to relieve tightness or treat muscle disorders

-trophy

Nourishment, development Example: Hypertrophy- excessive development of tissue or an organ, commonly referring to increased muscle size due to exercise or compensatory growth 

-tomy

Incision, cut into Example: Myotomy- surgical incision into a muscle, often performed to relieve tightness or treat muscle disorders

-trophy

Nourishment, development Example: Hypertrophy- excessive development of tissue or an organ, commonly referring to increased muscle size due to exercise or compensatory growth