a-

absence of, without Example: Atrophy- wasting away or reduction in muscle size due to lack of use, often resulting from prolonged immobility, nerve damage, or muscle disease

ab-

away from Example: Abduction- movement of a limb away from the midline of the body, such as raising the arm or leg to the side, common in physical therapy and exercise routines 

ad-

Toward Example: Adduction- movement of a limb toward the midline of the body, such as bringing the arm or leg back to its resting position after abduction

brady-

Slow Example: Bradykinesia- slowness of movement, other a symptom of neurological disorders like Parkinson’s disease, affecting motor function and coordination 

_dys-

_{Painful, difficult, abnormal, labored Example: Dystonia- A condition characterized by abnormal muscle tone or involuntary muscle contractions, which can lead to repetitive movements, abnormal postures, and impaired function} 

inter-

Between Example: Intervertebral disc- A fibrocartilaginous structure located between the vertebrae of the spine, providing cushioning and flexibility  

intra-

Within, in Example: Intramuscular injection- An injection administered directly into a muscle, commonly used for vaccines or medication delivery

poly-

Many, much Example: Polydactyly- A congenital condition characterized by having more than the normal number of fingers or toes, which may require sugical correction for functional or cosmetic reasons

sub-

Below, under Example: Subscapularis muscle- A muscle located below the scapula (shoulder blade), playing a key role in shoulder rotation and stabilization 

supra-

Above Example: Suprapatellar- Refers to the area the patella (kneecap), commonly associated with the suprapatellar bursa, which reduces friction and allows smooth movement of the quadriceps tendon over the femur

sym-

Together, joined Example; Symphysis pubis- A cartilaginous joint where the two pubic bones meet in the pelvis, allowing slight movement for childbirth and pelvic flexibility 

syn-

Together, joined Example: Synarthrosis- A type of immovable joint where bones are joined together, such as in the skull, providing stability and protection to vital organs 

hyper-

Above, excessive Example: Hypertonia- excessive muscle tone, resulting in stiffness or rigidity, commonly seen in condition like cerebral palsy or stroke