Term
| How are digital devices categorized by their function as what devices? |
|
Definition
| Combinational logic or sequential logic devices |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between combinational logic and sequential logic devices? |
|
Definition
Sequential logic devices the timing, or sequential history of the input plays a role in determining the output of the device.
Combinational logic outputs only depends on the instantaneous values of the inputs. |
|
|
Term
| What is the base of the number system? |
|
Definition
| It indicates the number of different symbols that can be used to represent a digit. |
|
|
Term
| What base is the Binary number System? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the digits of a binary number called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the first or leftmost bit called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What last or rightmost bit called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a group of 8 bits called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does combinational logic devices that convert what to what based on the rules of what? |
|
Definition
| binary inputs into binary outputs based on the rules of mathematical logic |
|
|
Term
| What are combinational logic devices also called? why? |
|
Definition
| Gates. They control the the flow of signals from the inputs to the single output. |
|
|
Term
| What is a buffer? How does the buffer overcomes fan out limitations? |
|
Definition
| A combinational logic gate that is used to increase the current supplied at the output while retaining the digital state. By providing more output current |
|
|
Term
| What is a normal digital gate "fan out" on combo logic gates? |
|
Definition
| the max number of similar digital inputs that can be driven by the gates output. |
|
|
Term
| How are all the gates of combo logic gates manufactured or exist as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are all the transistors, resistors and diodes exist or manufactured as? |
|
Definition
| on a single chip of silicon |
|
|
Term
| What are the two families of digital integrated circuits? |
|
Definition
TTL *transistor transistor logic*
CMOS *complementary metal-oxide semiconductors* |
|
|
Term
| Volage levels in IC's represent what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What are timing diagrams used for?
What does it show? |
|
Definition
To analyze complex logic circuits.
It shows the simultaneous levels of the inputs and outputs in a circuit vs time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a sequential logic device that can store and switch between input and output binary states. |
|
|
Term
| Why is a flip flop called a bistable device? |
|
Definition
| it has only two possible stable output states. 1 and 0. |
|
|
Term
| Flip Flop timing is affected by what? |
|
Definition
| Very short propagation delays through the NAND gates |
|
|
Term
| Flip flops are usually clocked, what does that mean or consist of? |
|
Definition
| "Clocked" that is a signal designated "clock" coordinates or syncs the change of the output states of the device. |
|
|
Term
| What does "clocked" term mean for designing of flip flops? |
|
Definition
| The design of of complex circuits such as microprocessor where all system changes are triggered by a common clock signal. |
|
|
Term
| The design of of complex circuits such as microprocessor where all system changes are triggered by a common clock signal, what kind of operation is this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why synchronous operation term is used when describing an microprocessors? |
|
Definition
| Because changes in state are coordinated by the clock pulses. |
|
|
Term
| What type of flip flop changes on either on a positive edge or negative edge of a clock pulse? |
|
Definition
| Edge-Triggered flip flops |
|
|
Term
| What special flip flops are not edge triggered called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What special flip flops are not edge triggered called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when the output of a latch follows the input when the clock is high, we say the latch is what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Flip flops may have preset and clear functions that override other inputs, what are they called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Preset input is used to what? |
|
Definition
| set or initialize the output Q of the output to high. |
|
|
Term
| What is the clear input on the flip flop? |
|
Definition
| it is used to clear or reset the output Q of the flip flop to low |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between the RS and JK flip flop? |
|
Definition
| The JK flip flop inputs may be both high simultaneously. |
|
|
Term
| what does the term toggle mean in terms of flip flops? |
|
Definition
| The output changing value |
|
|
Term
| What is the only difference between JK and T flip flops? |
|
Definition
| The T flip-flops simply toggles the output every time it's triggered. |
|
|
Term
| What is "switch debouncing"? |
|
Definition
| When mechanical switches are opened or closed, there are brief current oscillations due to mechanical bouncing or electrical arcing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Numerically evaluating an analog signal at discrete instants in time. |
|
|
Term
| What is a digitized signal? |
|
Definition
| A signal that is composed of discrete values corresponding to each sample. |
|
|
Term
| What is the Nyquist frequency? |
|
Definition
| the limit on the minimum required sampling rate |
|
|
Term
| What is *aliasing* in terms of sampling? |
|
Definition
| When a signal is sampled at less than two times its max frequency component |
|
|
Term
| What is an analog to digital converter? |
|
Definition
| An electronic device that converts an analog voltage to an digital code. |
|
|
Term
| What is the *resolution* of an A/D converter? |
|
Definition
| The number of bits used to digitally approximate the analog value of the input |
|
|
Term
| What are the two most common type of A/D converters? |
|
Definition
| Successive approximation and flash converter |
|
|
Term
| What is a analog multiplexer? |
|
Definition
| It switches among several analog inputs using transistors or relays and control signals. |
|
|
Term
| What is an digital to analog converter? |
|
Definition
| An electronic device that converts digital code to an analog signal |
|
|
Term
What is an "unipolar" output?
an "bipolar" output?
*D/A conversion* |
|
Definition
A unipolar output can be be either pos or neg but not both.
A bipolar can be both by replacing all ground references in the circuit with a reference voltage whose sign is opposite to Vs. |
|
|
Term
| What does an inverting amplifier do? |
|
Definition
| The circuit inverts and amplifies the input voltage |
|
|
Term
| An inverting amplifier has what kind of feedback? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does an noninverting amplifier do? |
|
Definition
| A circuit that does not invert the input voltage and amplifies input voltage. |
|
|
Term
| What happens if let Rf=0 R= infinite.... what kind of circuit is that? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a buffer or follower's purpose? |
|
Definition
| Application where you need to couple to a voltage signal with loading the source of the voltage |
|
|
Term
| What is an Summer op amp used for? |
|
Definition
| It is used to add analog signals |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference amplifier circuit used for? |
|
Definition
| It subtracts analog signals |
|
|
Term
| What is an integrator circuit used for? |
|
Definition
| the output signal comes out as an inverted and scaled integral of the input signal |
|
|
Term
| What is a shunt resistor used for? |
|
Definition
| Is to limit the low-frequency gain of the circuit |
|
|
Term
| When does a integrator amplifier acts as an inverting amplifier? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Will the integrator work above the max output voltage of the op amp? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the differentiator op amp used for? |
|
Definition
| the output signal is an inverted and scaled derivative of the input signal |
|
|
Term
| Give a weakness or caution when using an differentiator? |
|
Definition
| Any electrical noise in the input signal will be accentuated in the output. |
|
|
Term
| What is an Sample and Hold op amp circuit used for? |
|
Definition
| it's used in a/d conversion when a signal value must be stabilized while it is converted to a digital representation. |
|
|
Term
| What are the three types of output circuits used in TTL? |
|
Definition
| totem pole, open-collector, tristate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A flip flip circuit that can perform binary counting. It's a negative edge-triggered counter and the output is in binary coded dcimal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "the interdisciplinary field of engineering dealing with the design of products whose function relies on the integration of mechanical and electronic components coordinated by a control architecture." |
|
|
Term
| What is Kirchoff's Voltage law? |
|
Definition
| The sum of voltages around a closed loop or path is 0 |
|
|
Term
| An Ideal voltage source has ______ output resistance and can supply _______ current. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An Ideal current source has ________ output resistance and supply ________ voltage. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An ideal voltmeter has ______ input resistance and draws ____ current |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An ideal ammeter has___ input resistance and ____ voltage drop across it. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the thevenin equivalent do? |
|
Definition
| Given a pair of terminals, the network may be replaced by an ideal voltage source. |
|
|
Term
| What does the norton equivalent do? |
|
Definition
| Given a pair of terminals, a network can be replaced by a ideal current source. |
|
|
Term
What is impedance matching?
What happens if we do not perform "impedance matching?" |
|
Definition
Practice of designing the input impedance of an electrical load to maximize the power transfer and/or minimize reflections from the load.
high impedance will parially terminate signals. Also, to maximize power transmission to a load. |
|
|
Term
| What is a Darlington pair? |
|
Definition
| a bipolar transistor packages that the current gain is the product of the two individual transistor gains and can exceed 10000. |
|
|
Term
| What is a phototransistor? |
|
Definition
| A bipolar transistor package that LED's and phototransistors are often found in pairs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bipolar transistor package that is composed of an LED and photo-transistor separated by a small gap. |
|
|
Term
| What does a MOSFET acronym stand for? |
|
Definition
| metal oxide semiconductor field effet transistor |
|
|
Term
| What does the acronym JFET stand for? |
|
Definition
| junction field effect transistor |
|
|
Term
| What is the saturation point? |
|
Definition
| the maximum current which can be obtained under certain conditions |
|
|
Term
| Draw the active and saturation region of MOSFET |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What bias should a zener diode be? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Using a zener diode in series with a resistor builds what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What does a voltage regulator due?
*Zener diode*... Hint |
|
Definition
| It maintains a steady voltage even if the current changes. |
|
|
Term
| n type silicon has an extra what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| p type silicon lacks a what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dc motor has two fields what are they? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In relation to motors, speed is proportional to what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In relation to DC motors, what does PWM stand for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In relation to a DC motor, what is a duty cycle? |
|
Definition
| It is the relationship between on time and the period of the waveform. |
|
|
Term
| What does an H-Bridge consist of in relation to a DC motor? |
|
Definition
| Four switches (relays or transistors) arranged in an H configuration around the DC motor. |
|
|
Term
| A stepper motor are either bipolar or unipolar..... what does this mean? |
|
Definition
| unipolar has just one power source but bipolar has two power sources or one that switch polarity. |
|
|
Term
| When and why does you need to use a DC motor? |
|
Definition
| Low noise and low cost applications that needs a good amount of speed and power. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| It is a DC, AC or brushless DC motor combined with a position sensing device. |
|
|
Term
| What is a servo motor driven by? |
|
Definition
| A programmable controller that processes the sensor input and generates amplified voltages. |
|
|
Term
| What does a Schmitt trigger do? |
|
Definition
| A device that changes a signal to a sharp pulse using the threshold hysteresis effect. |
|
|
Term
| What are some of the applications of the 555 timer? |
|
Definition
| Cascaded timers, bounce free switches, frequency timers, pulse generators, and LED flashers. |
|
|
Term
| Adding a _______ and a ________ to a 555 makes a monostable multivibrator. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In relation to a monostable multivibrator, what is a one shot? |
|
Definition
| A one shot is when the MM circuit generates a pulse of a desired duration when it receives a trigger signal. |
|
|
Term
| What is a astable mulitvibrator? |
|
Definition
| It is a modified 555 timer that can be used a square wave generator or an oscillator. |
|
|
Term
| What is method of superposition with in relation to the difference amplifier? |
|
Definition
| Whenever you have to analyze the difference amplifier, the superposition states that whenever you have multiple inputs, you can analyze each independent signal individually. |
|
|
