Term
| Where does transcription take place? |
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Definition
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Term
| Proteins being translated in the rough ER require recognition by this |
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Definition
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Term
| What is meant by the Golgi is a polar body? |
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Definition
| Things enter through the cis face and leave out through the trans face |
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Term
| This is done to release materials from inside a cell |
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Definition
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Term
| True or false, DNA can leave the nucleus |
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Definition
| False, DNA cannot leave the nucleus, this is why it is converted into RNA during protein synthesis |
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Term
| This portion of the ER has ribosomes bound to it |
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Definition
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Term
| This form of endocytosis is done for the uptake of a ligand |
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Definition
| Receptor Mediated Endocytosis |
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Term
| Here is where RNA is transcribed and where ribosomes are assembled |
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Definition
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Term
| Do prokaryotes have a nucleus? |
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Definition
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Term
| SRP recognizes what that tags it for the ER |
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Definition
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Term
| How does the RNA transcript leave the nucleus, what does it leave through? |
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Definition
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Term
| This is the shipping and sorting center of the cell |
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Definition
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Term
| If a protein is coded to have a mannose added to it and the golgi places a phosphate on the mannose, the product will go where? |
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Definition
| The product will go to a lysosome |
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Term
| This type of endocytosis is done to eat |
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Definition
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Term
| This type of endocytosis is done for the uptake of liquid |
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Definition
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Term
| In this lysosomal disease the phosphate is not placed on the mannose so the product does not go to the lysosome, instead it goes outside the cell (by default) and destroys the blood |
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Definition
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Term
| This is the end product of the Golgi Complex |
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Definition
| A secretory vesicle filled with proteins |
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Term
| Where is the nucleolus situated? |
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Definition
| The nucleolus is situated inside the nucleus |
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Term
| Where are the three places proteins can go after being exported from the Golgi complex? |
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Definition
1. To an endosome with the intent of reaching a lysosome
2. Out of the cell
3. To a mitochondrial body |
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Term
| What is the general pH of a lysosome? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of the cytoskeleton of the cell? |
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Definition
| To give structure and mobility to the cell |
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Term
| Proteins synthesized by the ER next move here via transport buds |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the main product packaged by the Golgi go? |
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Definition
| It travels out of the cell |
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Term
| These junctions allow electrolytes and and other molecules to pass between cells. They can be found in epithelial cells, cardiac and smooth muscle, in nervous and certain connective tissues |
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Definition
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Term
| This is the major feature of the Eukaryotic cell |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the 9 + 2 arrangement in Eukaryotes |
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Definition
| 9 pairs of microtubules forming a circle around 2 lone microtubules |
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Term
| This type of cellular junction is a watertight seal from cell to cell that blocks molecules from moving around and past the cell. It encircles cells like a belt |
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Definition
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Term
| How do secretory vesicles release their contents? |
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Definition
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Term
| Gap Junctions are formed through these channels which allow ions to travel through them |
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Definition
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Term
| These cellular filaments are smaller than microtubules and use actin in muscle contraction |
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Definition
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Term
| This organelle carries out steroid synthesis and detoxification via CYP450 enzymes |
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Definition
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Term
| Microtubules are made from this protein |
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Definition
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Term
| This is the powerhouse of the cell |
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Definition
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Term
| The outer (9) pairs are connected by these bridges, and allow for whip movement in cilia and wiggle movement in flagella |
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Definition
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Term
| Mitochondrial DNA is important for what? |
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Definition
| It codes for unique ribosomes in mitochondria |
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Term
| These cellular junctions are small tunnels that connect cells and allow small molecules and ions to move between cells |
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Definition
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Term
| This cellular junction joins two cells at a single point |
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Definition
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Term
| These are like spot welds which hold cells together and help prevent lateral tearing of tissues |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the general pH or the blood? |
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Definition
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Term
| This is used in cellular communication, it travels short distances, is rapid, direct and specific |
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Definition
| Neurotransmitter Communication |
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Term
| This is responsible for resting membrane potential |
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Definition
| The sodium potassium pump |
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Term
| Where does the action potential start? |
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Definition
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Term
| During this period a super stimulus can start another action potential |
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Definition
| The Relative Refractory Period |
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Term
| This is used in cell communication and it travels long distances, is slower, has different effects in different cells, and travels via the blood stream |
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Definition
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Term
| Which way does potassium move when potassium channels open up? |
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Definition
| Potassium moves outside of the cell |
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Term
| True or false, the sodium potassium pump is always open |
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Definition
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Term
| Lysosomes contain these enzymes that work best in an acidic environment (they can be used to break down large molecules) |
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Definition
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Term
| Mitochondrial DNA, which is DNA unique from the DNA of the cell, is passed on how? |
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Definition
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Term
| When the sodium channel opens up where does sodium travel, in or out? |
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Definition
| Sodium goes into the cell |
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Term
| These junctions produce impermeable or semipermeable barriers between cells, especially in epethelial membranes |
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Definition
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Term
| Does the sodium potassium pump work with or against the concentration gradient? |
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Definition
| It works against a concentration gradient this is why it requires ATP |
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Term
| True or false, neurons divide |
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Definition
| False, neurons never divide |
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Term
| During hyperpolarization which channels are open |
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Definition
| Both voltage gated sodium and potassium channels are closed, only the sodium potassium pump is working to pump 3 sodium ions out and 2 potassium ions in (the pump works against the gradient and requires ATP, it is always on) |
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Term
| During depolarization which channels are open? |
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Definition
| Sodium voltage gated channels are open |
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Term
| As calcium travels into the axon terminal, what is triggered? |
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Definition
| As calcium enters the axon terminal vesicles containing neurotransmitters are triggered and they bind to the terminal releasing the neurotransmitters into the synapse |
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Term
| During repolarization, which channels are open? |
|
Definition
| Voltage gated potassium channels |
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|
Term
| What is the general pH of the stomach? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What occurs when the action potential reaches the axon terminal? |
|
Definition
| Calcium channels will open up and calcium will enter the terminal |
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Term
| During this period, another stimulus will not cause the generation of another action potential |
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Definition
| The Absolute Refractory Period |
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Term
| What happens after the neurotransmitters are released into the synapse? |
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Definition
| Neurotransmitters bind to G protein receptors or ligand gated receptors, and this opens up protein channels |
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Term
| This is the stuff that surrounds the cell |
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Definition
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Term
| These neurons recieve signals from a receptor cell that interacts with its environment |
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Definition
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|
Term
| These neurons transfer signals from neuron to neuron |
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Definition
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|
Term
| These neurons are also called afferent neurons |
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Definition
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|
Term
| These neurons carry signals to a muscle or gland called the effector |
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Definition
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|
Term
| These neurons are sometimes called efferent neurons |
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Definition
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Term
| Nerves are made up of these |
|
Definition
| Neuron axons and dendrites |
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Term
| Bundles of neuron axons and dendrites in the PNS is called what? |
|
Definition
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Term
| Bundles of neuron axons and dendrites in the CNS is called what? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| This nervous system (derived from the peripheral nervous system) was deisgned primarily to respond to the external environment |
|
Definition
| The somatic nervous system |
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Term
| This portion of the autonomic nervous system deals with the fight or flight response |
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Definition
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|
Term
| This portion of the autonomic nervous system deals with rest and digest processes |
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Definition
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|
Term
| A group of cell bodies located in the CNS is called what? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| A group of cell bodies located outside the CNS is called what? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is the name given to receptors specifically made for acetylcholine |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The receptors of epinephrine and nor epinephrine are called what? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The sympathetic nervous system releases these two neurotransmitters |
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Definition
| Epinephrine and Norepinephrine |
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Term
| I-cell disease is a lysosomal storage disease characterized by "inclusion bodies". Is it true that blood results will show high levels of lysosomal enzymes present in people with this disease |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Moving against a concentration gradient requires what? |
|
Definition
| ATP or another cellular energy source |
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Term
| You culture bacteria in a petri dish and categorize it as pnemococcus. What is the shape of this bacterium? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is the purpose of SRP |
|
Definition
| To target ribosomes to the ER |
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Term
| Gram negative bacteria stain pinkish because they do not bind the purple crystal violet stain as well due to the fact that these bacteria have an outer membrane primarily composed of what? |
|
Definition
| LPS with bound polysaccharides |
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|
Term
| Processing of proteins via glycosylation occurs where |
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Definition
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|
Term
| True or false, Yeast are multi cellular |
|
Definition
| False, yeast are unicellular organisms |
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|
Term
| The difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids is the presence of what? |
|
Definition
| Double bond in unsaturated fatty acids |
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|
Term
| The functional class of enzymes that add a phosphate group is called what? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which molecules have a hard time passing through cell membranes |
|
Definition
| large molecules and polar molecules |
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Term
| The group of enzymes that recognize and sever DNA palindromic sequences is |
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Definition
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