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| Cinema’s First Horror Film |
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| Invented first continuous loop of film fed by sprockets in a camera. |
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| Invented first practical motion picture camera and viewing device |
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| Invented the phonograph, light |
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| Open the first kinetoscope parlor in 1894 |
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| Here patrons paid 25 cents to see 5 short movies. By short movies, we mean like 13 seconds. These were the first theaters. |
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i. Combination of projection and coin-operated machines
ii. No color, no sound; just moving images
iii. An afternoon of entertainment for a nickel
iv. Popular with people in lower economic classes
v. Movies considered to be “low-culture” – stigma against film actors |
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| Created the Film Narrative |
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| Movie about the Civil War; very pro-KKK |
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| “The Great Train Robbery” (1903) |
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| Edwin S. Porter's big movie |
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| Mary Pickford, Lillian Gish |
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| The celebrities D.W Griffith made |
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ii. Disintegration
1. Chemicals
2. Exposure to air and moisture
iii. Absent Accounting
1. Sheer volume of production
2. Poor paper work
3. Greed/selfish interests |
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| The reasons for the disappearance of old films |
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i. Movies ran the gamut from swashbuckling adventure, comedy both slapstick and sexy, horror, and drama
1. Charlie Chaplin
2. Rudolph Valentino – the “heartthrob” |
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| Movies during the Roaring 20's |
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| Introduced sound to the audience |
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| Head of MGM. He controlled stars. In the 30's and 40's |
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Studio system control production, distribution, exhibition.
Big movies/small movies
Theatre owners were forced into showing small movies so they could get the big ones
Movie palaces were popular
Got middle/upper class folks into the theatres
Mid-city theatres rise |
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| Movies in the 30's and 40's |
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| “Gone with the Wind” (1939), “Wizard of Oz (1939) |
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| Color is introduced in these movies |
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| “Mrs. Miniver” (1941), “Triumph des Willens” (1935) |
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| Wartime Propaganda. Used to sway and influence public opinion |
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| Paramount Decision – 1948 |
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| You can produce movies, but you can’t own theaters – decision made by Supreme Court to limit monopolies |
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| the management function that establishes and maintains mutually beneficial relationships between an organization and the publics on whom its success or failure depends. |
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To motivate, modify, or maintain attitudes, behavior, and information levels of targeted publics – internal as well as external
To establish, maintain, and/or enhance those relationships that are key to the organization’s success, if not survival. |
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| King’s College (Columbia U) commencement, 1758 |
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i. Julius Caesar
ii. Catholic Church
iii. Recruitment to the 13 colonies
iv. King’s College
v. Andrew Jackson
vi. Davy Crockett |
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Press agentry/publicity
One-way (source -> receiver) |
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iii. Key practitioner: P.T. Barnum
1. Ballyhoo
2. Humbug |
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| PR in 1850-1900 Key practitioner |
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Public information
One-way (source -> receiver) |
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iii. Key practitioner: Ivy “Poison” Lee
1. “Declaration of Principles”
2. Good policy makes good PR
3. Ivy Lee was hired by Rockefeller when a cave collapsed; Lee suggested that Rockefeller report what their business is about |
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| PR in 1900-1920s Key Practicioner |
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Public relations
Two-way asymmetrical (source -> receiver -> source) |
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iii. Key practitioners: Edward L. Bernays and Doris E. Fleischman (his wife)
1. Smoking and Ballet
2. PR counsel
3. PR and social science (Women’s Smoking) |
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| PR in 1920s Key practicioner |
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Public relations
Two-way symmetrical (feedback loop: source -> receiver -> source -> receiver, etc.)
Women now dominating field: 70% |
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| d. Key practitioners: Bernays and Fleischman; John Hill; Leone Baxter |
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| PR in 1960s to today Key practioner |
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| PR in 1960s to today Keyword |
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| Collection of individual opinions on a subject of personal interest to them |
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i. Once tapped, opinion hard to change
ii. Opinion is not aroused for long periods of time |
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| Self Interest in Public Opinion |
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i. Large events -> temporary opinion swings
ii. Opinions stabilize with perspective |
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| Reaction to events in Public opinion |
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i. Highly interested in subject or issue
ii. Better informed on an issue than the average person
iii. Avid consumers of the mass media
iv. Early adopters of new ideas
v. Good organizers who get people to take action |
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| “Deliberate and systematic” efforts to “shape perceptions, manipulate cognitions, and direct behavior” |
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a. Name Calling
b. “Plain Folks”
c. Testimonial
d. Bandwagon
e. Card Stacking
f. Transfer
g. Glittering Generalities |
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Definition
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a. Images
b. Structures
c. Objects
d. Nonverbal
e. Words
f. Stereotypes |
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Definition
| 6 types of propaganda symbols |
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| any form of non-personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods, and services usually paid for by an identified sponsor. |
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o 5 - Energizer Bunny
o 4 - Betty Crocker
o 3 - Jolly Green Giant
o 2 - Ronald McDonald
o 1 – The Malboro Man |
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Definition
| The Top 5 Ad Icons of all Time: |
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o Marketing
o Educational
o Economic
o Social
• Example: PSAs |
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