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| the basic building block of all matter. |
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| holds atoms together to make molecules. Energy is stored within the bonds. There are different types of bonds. |
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| atoms that are held together and organized in unique ways. |
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| chemical reactions that release heat when molecules are reorganized. Surroundings heat. |
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| chemical reactions that need heat energy from surroundings to reorganize molecules. Surroundings cool. |
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| inactive form of energy, example is gasoline |
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| active energy, energy that is being used, example is gas burning in a car's engine or a rock rolling down hill. |
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| Energy is never destroyed or created, energy transforms from one form to another. |
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| Organelle, in a plant or photosynthetic organism, where photosynthesis takes place |
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| Process where plants 1)capture light energy and convert to chemical energy, and 2)take carbon dioxide from the air to build carbohydrates. |
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| the negatively charged particle of atom |
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| electron transport system |
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| last step in cellular respiration is the transfer of electrons to make the bulk of ATP. This happens in the cell's mitochondria in the membrane that separates the inner and outer compartments. |
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| Captures the sun's light energy to convert it to chemical energy. The pigment that gives plants the green color. |
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| The process in photosynthesis where carbon dioxide is broken into carbons to build carbohydrates in plants. |
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| an atom that has lost or gained an electron |
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| bonding between atoms that have lost or gained electrons, weaker than covalent bonds. Example is the bonds holding sodium and chloride together in salt:NaCl |
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| bonding between atoms that share electrons, stronger than ionic bonds. Example is the bonds holding together the 2 hydrogen atoms to 1 oxygen atom in water. |
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| large molecules that help the right chemical reactions take place in cells at the right time |
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| molecule that stores energy in a form that cells can use. ATP stands for "adenosine triphosphate" |
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| the process where enzymes convert the energy stored in molecules into ATP. |
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| 1st stage of cellular respiration cycle. Breaks glucose into 2 smaller molecules called pyruvate. Produces ATP and NADH, but uses 2 ATP. |
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| 2nd stage of cellular respiration. Breaks pyruvate into NADH, ATP and carbon dioxide. |
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| A energy carrier molecule. |
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| Organelle in the cell where cellular Krebs cycle and electron transfer takes place. |
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| Respiration that requires oxygen. |
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| Respiration that takes place in cells where there is not oxygen. |
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| Structures in chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll. |
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| Liquid surrounding the thylakoids in the chloroplasts. |
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| Carbohydrate that stores energy in animals |
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| All the chemical activities in a cell or organism. |
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| the measure of the disorder of a system. Example: salt molecules dissolved into water. |
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| organisms that depend on other sources for carbon and energy. |
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| organisms, like plants, that make macromolecules for energy storage and structure, usually though the process of photosynthesis. |
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