Term
| Which of the following is the type of adrenergic receptor found in most sympathetic target tissues? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of these characteristics is the same in both the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches for the vast majority of neurons? |
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Definition
| Preganglionic Neurotransmitter |
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Term
| Which of these is an effect of the parasympathetic nervous system? |
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Definition
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Term
| The diameter of blood vessels varies under the control of ________ neurons, which cause the diameter to ________. |
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Definition
| sympathetic; either increase or decrease, depending upon the type of receptor present |
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Term
| The division of the efferent nervous system that controls smooth and cardiac muscles and many glands is the ________ division. |
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Definition
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Term
The motor neurons primarily associated with the fight-or-flight response are the _____ neurons.
The motor neurons primarily associated with the fight-or-flight response are the _____ neurons. |
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Definition
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Term
| These neurons secrete the neurotransmitter acetylcholine onto their targets: |
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Definition
| Somatic motor and parasympathetic motor. |
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Term
| The two main types of acetylcholine receptor are known as |
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Definition
| Nicotinic and muscarinic. |
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Term
| The neurotransmitter that controls skeletal muscle causes which of the following? |
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Definition
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Term
| The target tissue(s) of somatic motor neurons is/are ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor administration is a common treatment for myasthenia gravis. Why would this help alleviate some of the symptoms of this autoimmune disease? |
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Definition
| AChE inhibition would delay the removal of ACh from the synaptic cleft. |
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Term
| Which nervous system division has parasympathetic and sympathetic branches? |
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Definition
| Autonomic division of the efferent nervous system |
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Term
| Sometimes the effects of sympathetic stimulation can be contradictory in the same types of tissue. For example, in the arterioles of the GI tract, sympathetic stimulation causes constriction while arterioles of skeletal muscle can dilate in response to sympathetic stimulation. What mechanism explains these opposite effects? |
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Definition
| Different receptors for the same neurotransmitter |
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Term
| What is a varicosity in the autonomic nervous system? |
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Definition
| A series of swollen ends that act as synapses |
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Term
| What is the main enzyme responsible for the breakdown of catecholamines? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is the parasympathetic nervous system also called the cranio-sacral division? |
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Definition
| Its nerves arise in the head and sacrum. |
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Term
| In the autonomic nervous system, neurotransmitter activation of its receptor terminates when the neurotransmitter is metabolized by enzymes in the extracellular fluid, or when it diffuses away. Which other mechanism leads to termination of neurotransmitter activity? |
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Definition
| Active transport into surrounding cells |
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Term
| Which adrenergic receptor subtypes work by decreasing cAMP? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which adrenergic receptor subtype has the greatest affinity for epinephrine? |
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Definition
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Term
| The diameter of bronchioles varies under the control of ________ neurons, which cause the diameter to ________. |
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Definition
| utonomic; constrict under parasympathetic control and dilate under sympathetic control |
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Term
| What type of acetylcholine receptor is present in the postganglionic neurons and on the target tissue in autonomic pathways? |
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Definition
| Nicotinic on the postganglionic neurons and muscarinic on the target tissue |
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Term
| The effects of the sympathetic nervous system are divergent, meaning that a single stimulus can have an effect on a large number of targets. In other words, when the SNS is activated, all of the organs it innervates are stimulated. This does not occur in the parasympathetic system. Why? |
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Definition
| The sympathetic ganglia spreads the stimulus to all postganglionic sympathetic neurons. |
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Term
| Which type of receptors are found in the neuromuscular junction? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the trigger for ACh release into the synaptic cleft of a neuromuscular junction? |
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Definition
| An action potential at the axon terminal opens voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. |
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Term
| What would be the effect of ACh binding to its receptor on the postsynaptic muscle cell? |
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Definition
| Na+ would flow into the cell and K+ would flow out of the cell. |
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Term
| Sympathetic pathways originate in which region of the spinal cord? |
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Definition
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Term
| Somatic motor neurons secrete the neurotransmitter ________ onto ________ receptors at the target tissue. |
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Definition
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