Term
| Red Blood Cell is called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Males have____ litres of blood in circulation, females have_____ litres of blood in circulation? |
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Definition
Males 5-6 litres
Females 4-5 litres |
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Term
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Definition
| Percentage of blood occupied by cells |
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Term
| Normal range of blood occupied by females ___, males ____? |
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Definition
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Term
| Not enough red blood cells or hemoglobin? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Too many red blood cells (over 65%) |
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Term
| Number of red blood cells in each micoliter of blood (drop)? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long does a typical blood cell live? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why are red blood cells unable to reproduce themselves? |
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Definition
| They lack nuclei and organelles |
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Term
| These remove worn out red blood cells from spleen or liver? |
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Definition
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Term
| Hemeglobin seperates into? |
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Definition
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Term
| This transports Heme (iron)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Heme is stored in muscle fibers, storage is called? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Process of producing red blood cells by stem cells in bone marrow |
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Term
| This portion of heme which is not iron is called? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Red Blood Cell precuser found in red bone marrow |
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Term
| When a proerythroblast (RBC precurser) ejects its own nucleus becomes? |
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Definition
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Term
| Reticulocyte circulates for this many days releasing remaining organelles? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Two portions that blood seperates into: |
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Definition
Serum- blood plasma (straw colour)
Clot- insoluble fibre called fibrin |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Three stages of clot formation? |
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Definition
Two pathways (tissue damage)
Prothrombinase
Thrombin |
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Term
| Tissue Factor is released from damage cells and if this is present clotting cascade begins? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which pathway is more complex? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Accerlerates formation prothombinase? |
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Definition
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Term
| If blood serum leaks between fibrin threads this occurs? |
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Definition
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Term
| This vitamin is required for normal clotting? |
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Definition
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Term
| This system gets rid of clots or keeps them from getting out of hand? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| process which clot is dissolved |
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Term
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Definition
| produced by white blood cells, inhibits patelet adhesion |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| clot forming in an unbroken blood vessel on rough inner lining |
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Term
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Definition
| clot, air bubble or fat from broken bone in the blood |
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Term
| When a object migrates from one part of the body to cause a blockage in another part? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 4 blood groups? |
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Definition
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Term
| Glycoprotins and glycolipids are? |
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Definition
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Term
| This can distinguish different blood groups and blood types? |
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Definition
| Presence or absence of certain antigens |
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Term
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Definition
| clump together two differsent blood type |
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Term
| These are universal recipients |
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Definition
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Term
| Universal blood donors are? |
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Definition
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Term
| Ability to ward off disease? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Bodily defences that protect us from almost any kind of pathogen |
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Definition
Non specific resistance
reacts the same to all pathogens |
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Term
| Immunity or ability to fight a specific pathogen? |
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Definition
| Specfic resistance aka immunity |
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Term
| Two ways specfic resistance (immunity) is possible? |
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Definition
Cell mediated immunity (T cell)
Antibody mediated immunity (Bcell) |
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Term
| Functions of lympatic system? |
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Definition
Drain excess interstitual fluid
Transporting dietary lipid, vitamin from GI-blood
Facilitating Immune respones |
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Term
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Definition
| cells abilty to act as a mediator of immunity (recognize and respond to specfic antigens) |
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Term
| These cells are developed in bone marrow from pluripotent stem cells |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ability to have multiple outcomes |
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Term
| This cell develops in Thymus, arise from pluripotent stem cell |
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Definition
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Term
| These cells arise before puberty and continue throughout life? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two required characteristics of an antigen? |
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Definition
Immonogenicity- ablilty to provoke immune response
Reactivity- ability to react to cells antibodies it caused to form |
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Term
| Three routes foreign materials may get into the body? |
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Definition
Blood stream- deposited in the spleen
Skin- penetrates skin, ends up in lymph nodes
muscous membrane- logged in lymphatic tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| Mucosa Associated Lymphatic Tissue |
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Term
| Major Histocompatibility complex antigens |
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Definition
| unique surface markersm binds to parts of foreign antigens and present them to T cells |
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Term
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Definition
| built into the cell membrane of all cells except red blood cells |
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Term
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Definition
| markers seen on membranes of all antigen presenting cells |
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Term
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Definition
| small protein hormones involved in immune responses, have the ability to stimulate or inhibit normal cell functions, active T cells |
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Term
| What are the two things that a T cell needs to recognize an antigen? |
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Definition
T cell receptors must be designed for specific antigen
CD4 or CD8 surface protein must bind with antigen MHC complex |
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Term
| Does a T cell require both a first and second signal? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| prevents accidental immune responses |
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Term
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Definition
| prolonged state of inactivity |
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Term
| Bone marrow and thymes are both forms of? |
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Definition
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Term
| MALT, lymph nodes are forms of this type of organs? |
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Definition
| Secondary lymphatic organs |
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Term
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Definition
Helper T cells
Cytotoxic T cells (killer)
Memory T cells |
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Term
| 5 different classes of antibodies |
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Definition
IgG (most abundant, crosses placenta)
IgA (stress decreases levels of IgA)
IgM (first secreted by plasma cells)
IgD
IgE (involved in hypersensitivity and allergic reactions) |
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Term
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Definition
| responses are quicker and more intense the second time, first immune response takes days, second response can take only hours |
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Term
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Definition
| no antibodies produced for 10 days to 4 weeks, first antibodies produced are IgM then IgG |
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Term
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Definition
| response much quicker, IgG reacts as quickly as IgM, response can occur without getting sick, 1000's memory cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Diagonstic tool to see how much antibody your body produces in presence to certain antigens |
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Term
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Definition
Naturally acquired Active- immunity occurs when a person is exposed to to live pathogen
Naturally acquired passive immunity- through placenta before birth
Artifically Aquired Active- induced by a vaccine
Artifically Acquired Passive Immunity- short term immunization induced by transfer of antibodies |
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