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Definition
| He was one of the first to discover the deepest parts of the ocean, catalauge marine animals and inquire about the hydro logic cycle. |
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| Mapped the known world in BC time, correctly calculated circumference of earth. |
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| Discovered tidal phases are related to the moon. |
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| Created the world atlas but used an incorrect circumference. |
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| Determined Latitude with the use of Polaris, distance about horizon showed how far north you were. |
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Term
| How did man calculate Longitude? |
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Definition
| They brought clocks aboard to calculate the Longitude. |
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| Invented the Chronometer to solve the issue of clocks on board. |
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| Took 3 voyages to the pacific ocean and successfully charted a large portion of the ocean. |
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Definition
| Correctly described the formation of Atols |
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| A series of British expeditions that collected animals from all over the world, discovered deep sea currents and well as developed new methods of taking deep sea samples. |
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| He lead the first expedition to the Arctic. Trapped his boat in the ice and plotted circulation of Arctic water. |
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Definition
| First person to reach the the south pole. |
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Term
| What advances happened in the early 1900's? |
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Definition
| Nelson's deep water samples and thermometers, salinity tests, reliable ocean depth measurements with use of echo sounder. |
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| A research program that predicts changes, manages risks and takes advantages of oppertunites from climate change. |
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Term
| Integrated Ocean Drilling Program |
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Definition
| An organization that conducts research and studies the earth by examining sediments underwater. |
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Term
| Ridge Interdisciplinary Global Experiment |
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Definition
| An interdisciplinary program to study earths oceanic spreading ridges as a whole. |
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Definition
| A way of approaching a question that involves detailed procedures, repeatably and if accepted, can become a theory. |
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Term
| What is the land/water distribution on earth? |
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Definition
| Land covers about 25-30& of the total surface area of the earth. |
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| Distribution of Water on earth |
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Definition
Oceans/Oceanic Ice - ~97%
Rivers, land ice and ground water - ~3% |
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Definition
| One of the modern navigational aids, sends of sound waves that bounce back to show how far off something is. |
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Term
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Definition
| Long Range Navigation, one of the modern navigational techniques. |
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Term
| Equatorial Cylindrical Projection |
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Definition
| If placed on a globe, only touches the equator, distorted as you go away from the equator. |
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Term
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Definition
| Touches the poles and is good for n/s viewing. |
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Term
| Polar Tangent Plane Projections |
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Definition
| A chart that is only connected at the poles. |
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Term
| Where Is The Most Land Located? |
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Definition
| 70% of the land is located int he NH, and the most water is the the SH. |
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Term
| What are the layers of the earth? |
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Definition
Crust - 65km Solid
Mantle - 200km both L/S
Outer Core - Liquid
Inner Core - Solid |
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Definition
| Division between crust and mantle. |
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Definition
| A term to describe the equilibrium between the crust and the mantle, explains various heights of the crust. |
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Definition
Then the plates move away from each other causing mid ocean ridges.
Has shallow earth quakes and has volcanism. |
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Term
| Convergent Plate Boundary |
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Definition
When to plates collide and subducts, one creates trenches.
Has shallow to deep earth quakes and has volcanims. |
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Term
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Definition
When two plates slide past on another.
Has shallow earth quakes and contains no volcanism. |
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Definition
| Small hills located on the abyssal plane. The most common feature on earth. |
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Definition
| A volcanic formation with its top eroded away. |
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Term
| What are the features of the slope of deep water? |
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Definition
Land
Continental Slope - Steepest
Continental Rise
Ocean Floor |
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Term
| Factors That Affect Sediment Deposition |
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Definition
| The particle size plays a huge factor in settling times, the location of the sediments a lot matters (Near the cost waves affect sediments while the open ocean doesn't have these. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sediments that originated from the land. |
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Term
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Definition
| When a sediment is more that 30% calcareous/Siliceous we call those sediments oozes. (Come from organisms) |
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Term
| How do we sample sediments? |
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Definition
| We can take deep water core samples and examine the contents. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is a dipole and has covalent bonds. Considered a universal solvent becuase of these bonds. |
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Term
| How does Heat/Salt affect density? |
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Definition
| Water at around 2-5c has the higest density, as you add heat/remove heat from this point, the density decreases. With the addition of salt. the density of the water goes up depending on how much you put in. |
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Term
| How is heat spread in the ocean? |
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Definition
| Heated on the surface of the water by the sun then currents and tides help the heat disperse. |
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Term
| Calcite Compression Depth |
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Definition
| The depth where the amount of calcite dissolving = the amount appearing. |
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Definition
| Heat that is added that doesn't change the temperature. |
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Term
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Definition
| Heat that when added changes the temperature of a substance. |
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