Term
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Definition
High boiling point
High melting temperature
High latent heat of fusion
High latent heat of vaporization
Very good solvent
Density of solid
(Water properties, slide 3) |
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Term
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Definition
Nucleus (the center of the atom consisting of protons and neutrons)
Electrons (orbit the nucleus in discrete electron shells)
(Water properties, slide 4) |
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Term
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Definition
Atoms containing the same number of protons, but have different numbers of neutrons and therefore have different atomic weights.
(Water properties, slide 5) |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemically-combined compounds formed by two or more atoms. |
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Term
| Electrically stable atoms? |
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Definition
Have equal numbers of electrons and protons, but they want full shells.
(Water properties, slide 5) |
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Term
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Definition
Atoms with unequal amounts of electrons and protons (so they have either a negative of positive electrical charge).
(Water properties, slide 5) |
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Term
| What does the dipole structure of water molecules do? |
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Definition
Produces an electrostatic bond (hydrogen bond) between water molecules which cluster together (more like an attraction than a bond).
(Water properties, slide 7) |
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Term
How do atoms vibrate in:
a)solids?
b)liquids?
c)gases?
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Definition
a)they vibrate weakly and are held rigidly in place.
b)they vibrate more rapidly, move farther apart, and are free to move relative to each other.
c)they are highly energetic, move far apart, and are largely independent (hydrogen bonds are all broken).
(Water properties, slide 8) |
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Term
| Why does ice float in water? |
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Definition
All the molecules are held in hexagons which have open space in the center, so ice is 8% less dense than water (see slide for visual).
(Water properties, slide 8) |
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Term
| The mixture of free water molecules and clusters in pure water is just right to give its maximum density of... |
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Definition
~4oC
(Water properties, slide 9) |
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Term
| Surface tension results from... |
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Definition
Ordered structure of water (due to its dipole) at the air-water interface.
(Water properties, slide 11) |
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Term
| Look REALLY CLOSELY at Water properties slide 12 (it's apparently a very important slide to understand). |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain ze cumulus cloud. |
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Definition
The flat bottom of cumulus clouds is the height of the dew point. Condensation there releases latent heat of vaporization and reinvigorates convection (hence the puffy tops).
(Water properties, slide 13) |
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Term
| What happens when salts dissolve in water? |
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Definition
The negative end of the molecules are attracted to the positively charged cations and the positive end of the water molecules are attracted to the negatively charged anions.
(Water properties, slide 14) |
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Term
| Density of sea water is a function of: |
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Definition
Temperature, salinity, and pressure.
(Water properties, slide 15) |
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Term
| Density of sea water increases as: |
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Definition
Temperature decreases and salinity and pressure increase.
(Water properties, slide 15) |
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Term
| What is the general rate of change or pressure, temperature, and salinity as depth increases? |
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Definition
Pressure increases regularly; temperature and salinity are more variable.
(Water properties, slide 15) |
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Term
| Can higher salinity water rest above lower salinity water? |
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Definition
Yes, if the higher salinity water is sufficiently warm and the lower salinity water is sufficiently cold.
(Water properties, slide 15). |
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Term
| Does sea water freeze before it reaches its maximum density? |
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Definition
Yes. Also, sea water's max. density is NOT at 4oC.
(Water properties, slide 15) |
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Term
| Ocean isotherms generally trend which direction? |
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Definition
East-west (except where deflected by those dumbass currents).
(Water properties, slide 16) |
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Term
| What do ocean currents do? |
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Definition
They carry warm water poleward on the western side of the ocean basins and towards the equator on the eastern side (see picture on slide).
(Water properties, slide 16) |
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Term
| In February, where do you see more warm water? |
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Definition
South of the equator (because it's summer there. Don't ask, it was on the powerpoint, so I decided to throw it in even though it seems dumb).
(Water properties, slide 17). |
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Term
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Definition
Lines connecting points of equal temperature. They can never cross. Where there are steep gradients the lines are close together. (see slide for visual).
(Water properties, slide 18) |
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Term
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Definition
The depth at which (change in temperature)/(change in depth) is the greatest.
(Water properties, slide 18) |
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Term
| Insolation (radiant energy from sunlight) and ocean-surface water temperature vary with the... |
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Definition
Season.
(Water properties, slide 19) |
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Term
| Ocean temperature is highest in _____ and decreases _____. |
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Definition
The tropics (25 degrees Celsius), poleward.
(Water properties, slide 19) |
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Term
| The thermocline, where water temperature and density change rapidly, create permanent layers of what in tropical and subtropical oceans? |
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Definition
Warm, less dense surface water and cold, dense, deep water.
(Water properties, slide 19) |
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Term
| As water cools, it mixes... |
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Definition
Downward rapidly, because it is denser than surrounding water.
(Water properties, slide 20) |
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