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| animal belonging to the phylum Arthropoda. Arthropods are characterized by jointed appendages and a hard exterior covering (exoskeleton) |
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| hard protective exterior skeleton such as that found in arthropods |
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| polysaccharide found in the cell walls of fungi and in exoskeletons of many arthropods |
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| in arthropods, process in which an old exoskeleton is shed and a new one is formed |
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| appendage in chelicerates that is modified for feeding and takes the place of mouth parts |
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| combination of 2 body regions: head and thorax |
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| body region of an animal that corresponds to the belly. in arthropods, this region is usually muscular and contains gills |
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| long spike attached to the posterior end of a horseshoe crabs abdomen that is used for steering and defense |
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| hard dorsal covering of some animals' bodies, such as arthropods and turtles |
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| pair of sensory structures in a sea spider |
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| animal belonging to the arthropod class Crustacea, which includes crabs, lobsters, shrimp, and barnacles. |
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| appendage modified for swimming in some crustaceans |
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| animal with 5 pairs of walking legs that belongs to the arthropod order Decapoda, which includes crabs, lobsters, and shrimp. |
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| first pair of legs of many decapods; these two are modified to form claws used for capturing prey and defense |
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| specialized appendage on the abdomens of male decapods used for transferring sperm to females |
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| planktonic larval stage of decapod crustaceans |
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| larval stage in the life cycle of many crustaceans. nauplius larvae are characterized by three pairs of appendages and a median eye |
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| pelagic, shrimplike creatures that belong to the arthropod order Euphausiacea |
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| specialized organ in some organisms that produces bioluminescense |
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| type of crustacean with a body similar to a shrimp belonging to the order Amphipoda |
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| specialized appendages found on amphipods that are used for collecting food |
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| crustacean belonging to the class Copepoda, usually the most abundant member of the marine zooplankton |
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| sessile crustacean whose body is usually covered by plates composed of calcium carbonate |
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| parasite that attaches to the outer covering of its host |
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| feathery appendage used by barnacles to filter food from the surrounding water |
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| planktonic larval stage of barnacles that develops from a nauplius larva and has compound eyes and a carapace composed of 2 shell plates |
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| animal belonging to the phylum Echinodermata, which includes sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, and crinoids |
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| plates of calcium carbonate that make up the endoskeleton of echinoderms |
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| tiny pincerlike structures found in some echinoderms that keep the surface of the body clean and free of parasites and the settling larvae of fouling species. in some echinoderm species, they may also aid in obtaining food |
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| hydraulic system unique to echinoderms that functions in locomotion, feeding, gas exchange, and excretion |
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| structure at which water enters the water vascular system of an echinoderm |
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| tubular structures in echinoderms that function in locomotion and feeding |
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| expanded area of tubular structure. in echinoderms a saclike structure attached to the tube foot |
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| groove through which the tube feet of an echinoderm extend |
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| surface opposite the mouth of a sea star |
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| echinoderm commonly referred to as brittle star or serpent star belonging to the class Ophiuroidea |
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| to purposely cast off a body part |
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| echinoderm belonging to the class Echinoidea, which includes sea urchins, heart urchins, sand dollars, and sea biscuits |
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| echinoid with a spherical body. also known as sea urchin |
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| echinoid such as a heart urchin or sand dollar that is adapted to a burrowing life style |
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| chewing structure composed of five teeth found in the mouths of sea urchins |
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| modified tube feet that are located around the mouth of a sea cucumber and used in acquiring food |
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| small, sticky tube expelled from the anus of some sea cucumbers to distract predators |
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| release of internal organs from the mouth or anus. this behavior is used by sea cucumbers to deter predation |
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| animal belonging to the echinoderm class Crinoidea. these generally sessile animals have bodies that resemble flowers and are commonly referred to as sea lilies |
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| grasping structures found on some species of sea lily |
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| poison from the flesh of sea cucumbers that protects the animal from predation by fishes and that is used by pacific islanders to poison fishes |
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| type of scale in cartilaginous fishes that has a structure resembling the teeth of other vertebrates |
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| chimaera, type of cartilaginous fish (class Chondrichthyles) characterized by a large pointed head, a long sledner tail, gills covered with an operculum, and males with head claspers |
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| group of cartilaginous fishes (class Chondrichthyes) containing sharks, rays, and skates |
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| type of tail in some fishes in which the upper lobe is larger than the lower lobe and the vertebral column bends slightly upward into the upper lobe |
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| modified pelvic fins of male sharks that transfer sperm to the genital opening of a female |
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| oily material produced by the liver of sharks |
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| clear membrane that covers and protects the eye of some vertebrates |
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| system of canals running the length of a fish's body and over its head that functions in detecting movement in the water |
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| sense organ that can detect vibrations in the fluid that fills the canals of a fish's lateral line system |
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| organs in sharks and other cartilaginous fishes that can detect electrical signals in the water |
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| valve shaped like a spiral staircase found in the intestine of sharks |
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| waste product of protein metabolism that is stored in the bodies of cartilaginous fish and a few other animals to maintain osmotic balance in the sea. in vertebrates it is formed in the liver and excreted by the kidneys |
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| gland associated with the rectal area of cartilaginous fishes that functions in salt secretion |
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| reproductive mode characterized by eggs that hatch after leaving the body of the female |
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| reproductive mode characterized by females producing large, yolky eggs that hatch in the oviduct but are not nourished by the parent |
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| reproductive mode characterized by females producing eggs that are retained and nourished in the reproductive system until the young are mature enough to be released to the outiside |
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| one of a pair of openings on the head of some cartilaginous fishes that functions in the passing of water to the gills |
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