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| argument that it was the undeniable fate of the U.S. to expand across North America |
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| purchase by the U.S. of the Louisiana Territory from France in 1803 |
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| federal land set aside for Native Americans |
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| 1887 law that divided reservation land into private family plots |
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| 1862 law that gave 160 acres of land to citizens who farmed it for five years and were citizens (or prospective citizens) of the U.S. |
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| a tax on imported goods designed to protect U.S. industry |
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| 1820 agreement calling for the admission of Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, and outlawing slavery in future states to be created north of 36 30 North latitude |
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| agreemtn designed to ease tensions caused by the expansion of slavery into western territories |
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| 1854 law that called for the creation of these two new territories, and stated that the citizens in each territory should decide whether slavery would be allowed there |
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| a network of escape routes that provided protection and transportation for slaves fleeing north to freedom |
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| to withdraw formally from a membership in a group or organization |
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| person who wants to end slavery |
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| Confederate States of America |
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| association of seven seceding Southern states, formed in 1861 |
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| a famous speech by President Lincoln on the meaning of the Civil War, given in november 1863 at the dedication of a national cemetery on the site of the Battle of Gettysburg |
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| Emancipation Proclamation |
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| a presidential decree, by president Lincoln, effective January 1, 1864, that freed slaves in Confederate held territory |
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| program implemented by the federal government between 1865 and 1877 to repair the damage to the South casued by the Civil War and restor the southern states to the Union |
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| Lincoln's plan for reconstruction which required that 10% of the states registered voters swear loyalty to the Constitution |
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| group of congressmen from within the Republican party who believed that the Civil War had been fought over the moral issue of slavery, and insisted that the main goal of Reconstruction should be a total restructuring of society to guarantee blacks true equality |
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| negative nickname for a white southern Republican after the Civil War |
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| negative nickname for a northern Republican who moved to the South after the Civil War |
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| created by Congress in 1865, the first major federal relief agency in the U.S. |
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| laws that restricted freedmen's rights |
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| abolished slavery in 1865 |
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| guaranteed citizens equal protection under the law, ratified in 1868 |
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| gave black men the right to vote, in 1870 |
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| white supremacist organization that used terror and violence to try and prevent African Americans from voting |
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| a special fee that must be paid before a person can vote |
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| tests that were given that would allow a person to vote if they were able to read the passage that they were given |
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| laws that exempted men from certain voting restrictions if their grandfather had voted in the last election |
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| laws that required segregation of public services by race |
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| forced separation, oftentimes by race |
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| the idea that separate facilities can exist for different races, as long as they are the same |
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