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Management for Aeronautical Science
Study Guide Module 4: Aircraft Systems
116
Aviation
Undergraduate 1
05/22/2016
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Term
One of the main functions of flaps during approach and landing is to
 Definition
increase the angle of descent without increasing the airspeed.
Term
(Refer to figure 23.) Which is a split flap?
 Definition
2.
Term
Which type of flap creates the greatest change in pitching moment?
 Definition
Fowler.
Term
(Refer to figure 23.) Which is a slotted flap?
 Definition
3.
Term
(Refer to figure 23 below) Which is a fowler flap?
 Definition
4.
Term
What is one purpose of wing flaps?
 Definition
To enable the pilot to make steeper approaches to a landing without increasing the airspeed.
Term
A purpose of flight spoilers is to
 Definition
reduce lift without increasing airspeed.
Term
The purpose of a servo tab is to
 Definition
reduce control forces by deflecting in the proper direction to move a primary flight control.
Term
Which direction from the primary control surface does a servo tab move?
 Definition
Same direction.
Term
Which type of flap creates the least change in pitching moment?
 Definition
Split.
Term
Which direction from the primary control surface does an antiservo tab move?
 Definition
Same direction.
Term
A purpose of leading edge slats on high performance wings is to
 Definition
direct air from the high-pressure area under the leading edge along the top of the wing.
Term
A purpose of leading edge slats on high performance wings is to
 Definition
increase lift at relative slow speeds.
Term
How is engine operation controlled on an engine equipped with a constant-speed propeller?
 Definition
The throttle controls power output as registered on the manifold pressure gauge and the propeller control regulates engine RPM.
Term
A precaution for the operation of an engine equipped with a constant-speed propeller is to
 Definition
avoid high manifold pressure settings with low RPM.
Term
Which statement best describes the operating principle of a constant-speed propeller?
 Definition
The propeller control regulates the engine RPM, and in turn, the propeller RPM.
Term
The primary purpose of an oil-to-fuel heat exchanger is to
 Definition
cool the oil.
Term
Should it become necessary to hand prop an airplane engine, it is extremely important that a competent pilot
 Definition
be at the controls in the cockpit.
Term
Which location has the highest gas volume in a turbine engine?
 Definition
Turbine outlet
Term
The speed (RPM or percent) of the low pressure compressor of a dual compressor engine is referred to as
 Definition
N1.
Term
If the engine oil temperature and cylinder head temperature gauges have exceeded their normal operating range, the pilot may have been operating with
 Definition
too much power and with the mixture set too lean.
Term
Detonation can be caused by
 Definition
using a lower grade of fuel than recommended.
Term
On aircraft equipped with fuel pumps, when is the auxiliary electric driven pump used?
 Definition
In the event engine-driven fuel pump fails.
Term
What is one procedure to aid in cooling an engine that is overheating?
 Definition
Enrich the fuel mixture.
Term
It is important to monitor the EGT when starting the engines to prevent
 Definition
hot section burnout or metal distortion.
Term
(Refer to figure 7 below) The internal engine temperature will be the lowest at which location?
 Definition
Location 3
Term
Which engine instrument is most likely to show an elevated reading if the turbine wheel is damaged?
 Definition
N2
Term
(Refer to figure 7 below) The internal engine pressure will be the lowest at which location?
 Definition
Location 6.
Term
The speed (RPM or percent) of the high pressure compressor of a dual compressor engine is referred to as
 Definition
N2.
Term
What is an advantage of a constant-speed propeller?
 Definition
Permits the pilot to select the blade angle for the most efficient performance.
Term
The pilot controls the air/fuel ratio with the
 Definition
mixture control
Term
What effect does high density altitude, as compared to low density altitude, have on propeller efficiency and why?
 Definition
Efficiency is reduced because the propeller exerts less force at high density altitudes than at low density altitudes.
Term
Excessively high engine temperatures will
 Definition
cause loss of power, excessive oil consumption, and possible permanent internal engine damage.
Term
For internal cooling, reciprocating aircraft engines are especially dependent on
 Definition
the circulation of lubricating oil.
Term
Before shutdown, while at idle, the ignition key is momentarily turned OFF. The engine continues to run with no interruption; this
 Definition
should not normally happen. Indicates a magneto not grounding in OFF position.
Term
Which difference does engine pressure ratio measure?
 Definition
Uncorrected compressor inlet pressure and turbine discharge pressure.
Term
The mixture control can be adjusted, which
 Definition
prevents the fuel/air combination from becoming too rich at higher altitudes.
Term
One purpose of the dual ignition system on an aircraft engine is to provide for
 Definition
improved engine performance.
Term
(Refer to figure 7 below) The internal engine pressure will be the highest at which location?
 Definition
Location 4.
Term
Which location has the highest gas pressure in a turbine engine?
 Definition
Compressor outlet
Term
An abnormally high engine oil temperature indication may be caused by
 Definition
operating with an excessively rich mixture.
Term
Which would most likely cause the cylinder head temperature and engine oil temperature gauges to exceed their normal operating ranges?
 Definition
Using fuel that has a lower-than-specified fuel rating.
Term
What type fuel can be substituted for an aircraft if the recommended octane is not available?
 Definition
The next higher octane aviation gas
Term
Detonation occurs in a reciprocating aircraft engine when
 Definition
the unburned charge in the cylinders explodes instead of burning normally.
Term
An abnormally high engine oil temperature indication may be caused by
 Definition
operating with an excessively rich mixture.
Term
Applying carburetor heat will
 Definition
enrich the fuel/air mixture.
Term
If the grade of fuel used in an aircraft engine is lower than specified for the engine, it will most likely cause
 Definition
lower cylinder head temperatures.
Term
Generally speaking, the use of carburetor heat tends to
 Definition
decrease engine performance.
Term
Which indicator is used to determine if conditions are conducive to formation of ice in jet fuel?
 Definition
Fuel temperature
Term
The uncontrolled firing of the fuel/air charge in advance of normal spark ignition is known as
 Definition
pre-ignition.
Term
Unless adjusted, the fuel/air mixture becomes richer with an increase in altitude because the amount of fuel
 Definition
remains constant while the density of air decreases.
Term
Which condition is most favorable to the development of carburetor icing?
 Definition
Temperature between 20 and 70 °F and high humidity.
Term
The purpose of a fuel temperature indicator is to
 Definition
determine if fuel temperatures are conducive to ice crystal formation.
Term
While cruising at 9,500 feet MSL, the fuel/air mixture is properly adjusted. What will occur if a descent to 4,500 feet MSL is made without readjusting the mixture?
 Definition
The fuel/air mixture may become excessively lean.
Term
Filling the fuel tanks after the last flight of the day is considered a good operating procedure because this will
 Definition
prevent moisture condensation by eliminating airspace in the tanks.
Term
For internal cooling, reciprocating aircraft engines are especially dependent on
 Definition
the circulation of lubricating oil.
Term
The basic purpose of adjusting the fuel/air mixture at altitude is to
 Definition
decrease the fuel flow in order to compensate for decreased air density.
Term
The pitot system provides impact pressure for which instrument?
 Definition
Airspeed indicator
Term
What is absolute altitude?
 Definition
The vertical distance of the aircraft above the surface
Term
(Refer to figure 4 below) What is the caution range of the airplane?
 Definition
165 to 208 MPH
Term
(Refer to figure 4 below) What is the maximum structural cruising speed?
 Definition
165 MPH
Term
Altimeter setting is the value to which the barometric pressure scale of the altimeter is set so the altimeter indicates
 Definition
true altitude at field elevation.
Term
During flight, when are the indications of a magnetic compass accurate?
 Definition
Only in straight-and-level unaccelerated flight
Term
What is pressure altitude?
 Definition
The altitude indicated when the barometric pressure scale is set to 29.92
Term
(Refer to figure 4 below) Which color identifies the never-exceed speed?
 Definition
The red radial line
Term
(Refer to figure 4 below) What is the maximum flaps-extended speed?
 Definition
100 MPH
Term
What is an operational difference between the turn coordinator and the turn-and-slip indicator? The turn coordinator
 Definition
indicates roll rate, rate of turn, and coordination; the turn-and-slip indicator indicates rate of turn and coordination
Term
What does the red line on an airspeed indicator represent?
 Definition
Never-exceed speed
Term
What is density altitude?
 Definition
The pressure altitude corrected for nonstandard temperature
Term
Why should flight speeds above VNE be avoided?
 Definition
Design limit load factors may be exceeded, if gusts are encountered
Term
To determine pressure altitude prior to takeoff, the altimeter should be set to
 Definition
29.92" Hg and the altimeter indication noted.
Term
(Refer to figure 7 below) How should a pilot determine the direction of bank from an attitude indicator such as the one illustrated?
 Definition
By the relationship of the miniature airplane (C) to the deflected horizon bar (B)
Term
(Refer to figure 4 below) What is the full flap operating range for the airplane?
 Definition
60 to 100 MPH
Term
(Refer to figure 4 below) Which color identifies the power-off stalling speed with wing flaps and landing gear in the landing configuration?
 Definition
Lower limit of the white arc
Term
(Refer to figure 7 below) The proper adjustment to make on the attitude indicator during level flight is to align the
 Definition
miniature airplane to the horizon bar.
Term
Which instrument(s) will become inoperative if the static vents become clogged?
 Definition
Airspeed, altimeter, and vertical speed.
Term
Deviation in a magnetic compass is caused by the
 Definition
magnetic fields within the aircraft distorting the lines of magnetic force.
Term
(Refer to figure 5 below) A turn coordinator provides an indication of the
 Definition
movement of the aircraft about the yaw and roll axis.
Term
(Refer to figure 3 below) Altimeter 1 indicates
 Definition
10,500 feet.
Term
Calibrated airspeed is best described as indicated airspeed corrected for
 Definition
installation and instrument error.
Term
True airspeed is best described as calibrated airspeed corrected for
 Definition
altitude and non-standard temperature.
Term
What is true altitude?
 Definition
The vertical distance of the aircraft above sea level.
Term
What is an advantage of an electric turn coordinator if the airplane has a vacuum system for other gyroscopic instruments?
 Definition
It is a backup in case of vacuum system failure
Term
(Refer to figure 3 below) Altimeter 3 indicates
 Definition
9,500 feet.
Term
Which instrument will become inoperative if the pitot tube becomes clogged?
 Definition
Airspeed.
Term
(Refer to figure 6 below) To receive accurate indications during flight from a heading indicator, the instrument must be
 Definition
periodically realigned with the magnetic compass as the gyro precesses.
Term
(Refer to figure 3 below) Which altimeter(s) indicate(s) more than 10,000 feet?
 Definition
1 and 2 only
Term
If it is necessary to set the altimeter from 29.15 to 29.85, what change occurs?
 Definition
700-foot increase in indicated altitude
Term
(Refer to figure 4 below) The maximum speed at which the airplane can be operated in smooth air is
 Definition
208 MPH.
Term
(Refer to figure 4 below) Which color identifies the power-off stalling speed in a specified configuration?
 Definition
Lower limit of the green arc.
Term
What is an important airspeed limitation that is not color coded on airspeed indicators?
 Definition
Maneuvering speed.
Term
(Refer to figure 4 below) Which color identifies the normal flap operating range?
 Definition
The white arc.
Term
(Refer to figure 3 below) Altimeter 2 indicates
 Definition
14,500 feet.
Term
If the pitot tube and outside static vents become clogged, which instruments would be affected?
 Definition
The altimeter, airspeed indicator, and vertical speed indicator
Term
An in-flight condition necessary for structural icing to form is
 Definition
visible moisture.
Term
To which position should the oxygen regulator be set when symptoms of hypoxia or hyperventilation are experienced?
 Definition
100 percent oxygen.
Term
Which best describes cabin differential pressure?
 Definition
The difference between ambient and internal air pressure
Term
Which components make up the basic air-cycle cooling system?
 Definition
A source of compressed air, heat exchangers, and a turbine
Term
What is used primarily as a propellant for installed fire extinguishing systems?
 Definition
Nitrogen
Term
The air-cycle cooling system produces cold air by
 Definition
passing air through an expansion turbine and extracting heat energy.
Term
Why must oxygen not be permitted to come in contact with oil, grease, or solvents?
 Definition
Oxygen contact with petroleum products can cause spontaneous fires or explosions.
Term
What is the nominal voltage rating of a fully charged lead-acid battery containing six cells?
 Definition
12 volts
Term
What color identifies MIL-H-5606 or BRACO 882 Hydraulic Fluids?
 Definition
Red
Term
A disadvantage of Skydrol hydraulic fluid is that
 Definition
it can irritate the skin painfully.
Term
What type of gas is released by a lead-acid battery during charging?
 Definition
Oxygen and explosive hydrogen
Term
A turbojet aircraft is equipped with heated inlet ducts and airfoil leading edges. When is this type of anti-icing system usually activated during flight?
 Definition
Whenever icing conditions are first encountered or are expected to occur
Term
What type of gas may be used to service hydraulic accumulators?
 Definition
Nitrogen
Term
The purpose of a hydraulic accumulator is to
 Definition
store hydraulic fluid under pressure.
Term
What component of a pressurization system prevents the cabin altitude from becoming higher than the airplane altitude?
 Definition
Negative pressure relief valve.
Term
An electrical system failure (battery and alternator) occurs during flight. In this situation, you would
 Definition
experience avionics equipment failure.
Term
What is one danger of any oxygen leak?
 Definition
Any ignition source may ignite highly explosive oxygen which over a period of time saturates the surroundings in poorly vented areas
Term
What is the voltage of two lead-acid 12 volt batteries connected in series?
 Definition
24 volts.
Term
Which component of an air-cycle cooling system undergoes a pressure and temperature drop of air during operation?
 Definition
Expansion turbine.
Term
Which position should be selected on the diluter-demand oxygen regulator if there is smoke in the cockpit?
 Definition
100 percent.
Term
Concerning the advantages of an aircraft generator or alternator, select the true statement.
 Definition
An alternator provides more electrical power at lower engine RPM than a generator.
Term
Why is engine anti-ice not normally activated below an ambient temperature of +5 °F?
 Definition
The air is too dry to form ice.
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