Term
| What are the male sex hormones? |
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Definition
| Androgens (testosterone, dihydrotesterone (DHT) and others |
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Term
| Are male and female hormones found in both sexes? What is the difference? |
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Definition
| Yes, males have more male sex hormones and females have more female |
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Term
| What does the adrenal cortex do in both sexes? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Male gonads, consist of long coiled seminferous tubules. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| produce spermatozoa and secrete testosterone |
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Term
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Definition
| Storage and transport of sperm |
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Term
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Definition
| stores sperm and matures sperm |
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Term
| What is Vas Derens? (ductus deferans) |
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Definition
| connects epididymus and urethra |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Urogenital system in males
-transports sperm out of body |
|
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Term
| What is the reproductive tract in males? |
|
Definition
Seminiferous tubules->
Epididymus ->
Vas deferens ->
Urethra |
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|
Term
| What do the accessory sex glands do? |
|
Definition
| secrete the fluids of semen (sperm + fluids) |
|
|
Term
| What are the accessory sex glands? |
|
Definition
1. seminal vesicles
2. prostrate
3. bulbourethral glands |
|
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Term
| What are the seminal vesicles? |
|
Definition
Produce the majority of semen
-connect with last portion of vas derens
-supply fructose- energy source for sperm
-produce an alkaline solution (HCO3) to neutralize acid environment of vagina
-produce prostaglandins-cause contractions of female reproductive tract to aid sperm travel |
|
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Term
|
Definition
surrounds last part of vas deferens
-produces enzymes that break up clotted sperm (PSA) |
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|
Term
| What are the bulbourethral glands? |
|
Definition
secrete mucus (known as pre-ejaculate emmision)
-helps lubricate femal reproductive tract |
|
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Term
| How many compartments are the testes divided in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does each compartment of the testes contain? |
|
Definition
a portion of the seminiferous tubules-
sperm production |
|
|
Term
| What does the head of the sperm contain? |
|
Definition
| chromosomes, acrosome (enzyme necessary for fertilization) |
|
|
Term
| What does the midpiece of the sperm contain? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What does the sperm tail do? |
|
Definition
| whiplike movements that propel sperm |
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|
Term
Seminiferous tubules are lined by?
Where are mature sperm? |
|
Definition
| developing sperm and supportive cells called Sertoli cells. Mature sperm are in center of tubule. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Required for sperm development
-secrete molecules that promote sperm development.
-provide nutrients for sperm
-provide fluid to flush sperm into epididymus
-secrete inhibin- negative feedback for FSH (anterior pituitary ) |
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|
Term
| What are sertoli cells stimulated by? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens if there is no FSH or testosterone to sperm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do FSH and testerone directly stimulate sperm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Secrete testosterone
-located outside of seminiferous tubules (interstitial cells) |
|
|
Term
| What stimulates leydig cells, and from where? |
|
Definition
| LH from anterior pituitary gland |
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Term
| What else is controlled by LH? |
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Definition
| Testerone secretion has a negative feedback mechanism on LH secretion |
|
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Term
| What are the most immature sperm called? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Following cell division, one spermatogonia stays to- |
|
Definition
| produce more for unlimited supply |
|
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Term
| Spermatogenesis happens in testes from- |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is testerone function before birth? |
|
Definition
| development of male reproductive system (testes and ducts) |
|
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Term
| Testerone function at puberty: |
|
Definition
Ensures maturation of male reproductive system
-enlarges testes and accessory sex glands
-initiates sperm production
-stops long bone growth (closes epiphyseal plates) |
|
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Term
| What does the development of secondary sex characteristics (starting at puberty) |
|
Definition
-deepens voice
-increase muscle development
-increase body hair
-increase sex drive
-incresed aggression -humans/ |
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Term
| Are blood levels of sex hormones in cycles as in females? |
|
Definition
No, they are fairly constant on short terms
-Gonadotropin releasing hormones secreted in short burst every few minutes, causes relatively constant secretion of LH and thus testosterone |
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Term
| Blood levels of sex hormones in males during prepubescent times? Puberty and adulthood? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| When sperm is released into lumen of seminiferous tubules it is- and remains there for - ? |
|
Definition
immotile
remains about 20 days |
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|
Term
| What is sexual response in males controlled by? |
|
Definition
| both divisions of autonomic nervous system and motor neuron reflex. It is at the level of spinal cord (spinal reflexes) |
|
|
Term
| Phases of sexual response in males? |
|
Definition
erection
emmision (gland secretion)
ejaculation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| parasympathetic nervous system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sympathetic nervous system |
|
|
Term
| What controls ejaculation? |
|
Definition
| sympathetic nervous system and motor neurons/skeletal muscle |
|
|
Term
| What does the penis mostly consist of? |
|
Definition
| erectile tissue- extensive network of blood capillaries |
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Term
| Normally, arterioles giving rise to capillaries in penis are- |
|
Definition
| constricted so little blood flow into penis, penis is flacid |
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Term
| During sexual stimulation, -- parasympathetic input into arterioles causing-- which causes -- |
|
Definition
increased
vasodilation
blood flows into erectile tissue causing penis to swell and produces erection |
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Term
| What is vasodilation of arterioles caused by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does viagra inhibit? |
|
Definition
| the enzyme that breaks down cGMP so more remains and maintains erection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| movement of semen (sperm and fluid) into urethra |
|
|
Term
response to mechanical stimulation continues from-
Neural activity shifts- |
|
Definition
erection to emission
parasympathetic to sympathetic control |
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|
Term
| Emission adds secretions from- |
|
Definition
| seminal vesicles and prostate to sperm in ejaculatory duct |
|
|
Term
| What moves semen into urethra? |
|
Definition
| contractions of epididymis, vas deferens and ejaculatory duct move semen into urethra |
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Term
|
Definition
| Propulsive movement of semen through urethra and out of body. movement of semen into urethra triggers reflexes involing both sympathetic and skeletal muscle in penis, the burst of activity stimulates contractions of smooth muscle in urethra. Simultaneous closure of urethral sphincter |
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