Term
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Definition
| Two-lobed pouch that houses the testes. |
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Term
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Definition
-Serve as a physical barrier to the environment
- Regulate temperature
- Move testes closer or away from the body |
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Term
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Definition
Inner: Parietal tunic
Outer: Visceral tunic |
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Term
| Tunica dartos = light pink; tunics are white. What do tunics allow for? |
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Definition
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Term
| Spermatic Cors Functions: |
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Definition
- Functions primarily to suspend the testes
- Extends from the inguinal ring to its attachments on the dorsal pole of the testis |
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Term
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Definition
- Vas deferens (ductus deferens)
- Cremaster Muscle
- Pampiniform Plexus |
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Term
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Definition
| Transport sperm to ejaculation |
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Term
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Definition
| A striated muscle that raises the testis for short period of time during "flight or fight" moments |
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Term
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Definition
| A vasuclar network that plays an essential role in the thermoregulation of the testis |
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Term
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Definition
| Male gonads that function to: produce male gametes (spermatozoa), and produce male hormones (androgens) - testosterone |
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Term
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Definition
| Consists of the outer two layers (visceral vaginal tunic and tunica albuginia) |
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Term
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Definition
| The region of the testes containing the seminiferous tubules and interstitial tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| The testicular compartment that houses the seminifrous tubules. |
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Term
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Definition
| Highly tortuous tubules within the testes that produce spermatazoa; consists of only two cell types, gametes and Sertoli cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Somatic cells that respond to the hormone FSH that function to govern spermatogenesis and produce a variety of hormones and materials |
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Term
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Definition
| The compartment of the testes that immediately surrounds the seminiferous tubules; consists of connective tissue, blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves, and Leydig cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Respond to the hormone LH to produce testosterone |
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Term
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Definition
| connective tissue core of the testes that houses the rete tubules |
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Term
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Definition
| Tubules that transport spermatozoa (not yet motile) and fluid from the seminiferous tubules to the efferent ducts |
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Term
| Descent of the testes from the body cavity into the scrotum occurs during late gestation and is essential for the proper thermoregulation of the testes and development of the spermatozoa |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Responsible for pulling the testis from the abdominal cavity, through the inguinal ring, and into the scrotum. |
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Term
| Cryptorchidism = highly heritable triat |
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Definition
| Failure of the testes (one or both) to descend |
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Term
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Definition
| When one of the testis does not descent into the scrotum. The testis that descends into the scrotum is fertile; however, reduced sperm concentrations usually result. Descended testis overcompensates. |
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Term
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Definition
| When neither testis descends into the scrotum. This results in sterility due to the elevated temperature. |
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Term
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Definition
| Everything not in the middle white area of the testis |
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Term
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Definition
| Middle white area of the testis |
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Term
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Definition
| Thermoregulation of the testis is essential for spermatogenesis. What temp do the testis need to be? |
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Term
Pampiniform Plexus
Tunica Dartos
Sebaceous (or sweat) glands
Thermosensory neurons |
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Definition
| Various structures in evolved in thermoregulation of the testes |
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Term
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Definition
| Specialized venous plexus consisting of testicular vein that elaborately intertwines around the testicular arty in order to provide a consenter current heat exchange mechanism. |
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Term
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Definition
A layer of smooth muscle that controls contraction and relaxation of the scrotum
- Contracts during period of cold temperatures to bring testes closer to the abdominal cavity
- Relaxes during periods of hot temperature to increase the surface area for heat exchange |
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Term
| Sebaceous (or sweat) glands |
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Definition
| Secrete an oily substance onto the scrotum for an evaporative cooling system |
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Term
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Definition
Govern both the degree of scrotal sweating and the respiratory rate of the animal
- An increase in scrotal temperature will result in increased respiration
Note: Adipose tissue is not found in large animals around the testes; however, increased amounts of adipose tissue result in increased temperature of the testes. |
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Term
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Definition
Process whereby spermatozoa are formed; occurs in the seminiferous tubules
- The developing gametes are interacting directly with Sertoli cells throughout development. |
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Term
Spermatagonia - most immature
Spermacytes
Spermatids - most mature |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The release of spermatids from the Sertoli cells in to the lumped of the seminiferous tubules |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Head
Neck
Mid-piece
Principle Piece
End Piece |
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Definition
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Term
| Vas Efferens (efferent ducts) |
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Definition
| Ducts that connect the rete testis to the head of the epididymis |
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Term
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Definition
The duct connecting the vas efferens to the vas definers and serves as a concentration, transport, maturation, and storage site for spermatozoa
- Head (caput)
- Body (corpus) |
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Term
| Vas deferens (ductus deferens) |
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Definition
| The duct that connects the tail of the epididymis to the ampulla and transport sperm to the pelvic urethra |
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Term
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Definition
| A ligation of the vas deferens to prevent spermatozoa from entering the pelvic urethra |
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Term
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Definition
| The glands of the male reproductive system that surround the pelvic urethra and function to produce seminal plasma |
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Term
Ampullae
Vesicular Glands (seminal vesicles)
Prostate
Bulbourethral glands (Cowper's glands) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
* Site of fluid respiration (concentration of spermatozoa)
- Not motile
- Not fertile
- Proximal cytoplasmic droplet
- Low disulfide crosslinking |
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Term
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Definition
* Site of spermatozoa maturation
-Some expression of motility after dilution
- Some expression of fertility
- Translocating cytoplasmic droplet
- Moderate to high degree of disulfide cross linking
- Can bind to oocyte |
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Term
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Definition
* Serves as a reservoir of spermatozoa
- Expression of normal motility after dilution
- Fertile potential
- Distal Droplet
- High degree of disulfide cross linking
- Can bind to oocytes |
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Term
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Definition
| Enlargements in the vas definers that open direct into the pelvic urethra - absent in boars |
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Term
| Vesicular glands (seminal vesicles) |
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Definition
| Function to secrete a large portion of the ejaculate in bulls and rams and a smaller portion of the ejaculate in boars and stallions |
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Term
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Definition
| Secretes an alkaline fluid into the seminal plasma |
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Term
| Bulbourethral Glands (Cowper's Glands) |
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Definition
| Produces the gel fraction of boar and stallion seminal plasma - very prominent in boar. |
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Term
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Definition
| Organ of copulation in male |
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Term
Root (crus penis)
Body or Shaft (corpus)
Glans Penis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A cavernous erectile tissue making up a majority of the interior penile shaft that allows for an influx of blood during erection |
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Term
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Definition
The spongy erectile tissue directly surrounding the urethra and extends to the glans penis
- Very prominent in stallion for belling of the glans penis |
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Term
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Definition
| Penis that is corkscrew in shape to correlate with sow's corkscrew shaped cervix |
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Term
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Definition
| Penis that has a filirrom appendage, which sprays the inside of the female tract with semen during copulation to accommodate for a low ejaculate volume |
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Term
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Definition
| Penis known to bell out during erection |
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Term
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Definition
Composed of a fibrous elastic type tissue that extends in length to create an erection rather than in diameter
- Bull, ram, and boar |
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Term
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Definition
Engorges the Corpus Cavernous and corpus spongiosum with blood to cause the penis to grow in diameter when becoming erect
- Stallion |
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Term
Retractor Penis
Ischiocavernosus
Bulbospongiosus
Urethralis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Is in a contracted state when an erection is not occurring and is in a related state during erection to allow for extension of the sigmoid flexure (in bull, ram, and boar) |
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Term
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Definition
| Insterts on crus penis and is important in erection as it compresses crus penis |
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Term
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Definition
| Overlaps root of penis and covers bulbourethral glands |
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Term
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Definition
| Encloses pelvic urethrea and covers bulbourethral glands |
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Term
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Definition
- Pendulous testicles
- Epididymis is vertically and normally oriented
- Fibroelastic penis
- Sigomoid flexure is present |
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Term
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Definition
Similar to bull exception of glans penis
- Pendulous testicles
- Epididymis is vertically and normally oriented
- Firboelastic penis
- Filiform appendage located on glans penis (due to low volume of sperm, but high concentration)
- Sigmoid flexure present |
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Term
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Definition
- Non pendulous testicles
- Epididymis is vertically oriented but inverted (tail is on top)
- Fibroelastic penis
- Glans penis is corkscrew shaped
- Sigmoid flexure is present
- Lacks ampullae but has prominent bulbourethral glands |
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Term
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Definition
- Non-pendulous testicles
- Epididymis is horizontally oriented
- Vascular Penis
- No sigmoid flexure present |
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