Term
| shopping, plans, activities and holidays and parties are _____ that can help bring problem behaviours under control |
|
Definition
| key behaviour modification techniques |
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Term
| eating behaviour, portion control, self monitoring and rewards are 4 _____ that can help to keep weight off |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| reduced glycogen synthesis and therefore reduced amounts of water in the body, and low carbs make the live produce glucose via gluconeogenesis |
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Term
| why dont fad diets usually work for the long run? |
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Definition
| because some of the foods in this type of diet are hard for alot of people to follow for a long run, some people loose weight because they are paying attention to their daily energy intake. they dont help in getting rid of previous eatiing habits |
|
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Term
| creating and following an eating and excersice plan that can be easily followed will help |
|
Definition
| to make sure the weight will stay off |
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|
Term
| low carb diets work primarily for the short run because |
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Definition
| they limit total food intake |
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Term
| diet plans that use a low-carb diet approach are normally.. |
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Definition
| the Dr.Atkins new diet revolution, the scarsfale diet, and the four day wonder diet. |
|
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Term
| low fat diets are normally high in |
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Definition
| carbs; these diets usually contain 5-10% of energy intake as fat |
|
|
Term
| why are low fat diets hard to follow? |
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Definition
| because they contain mostly grains, fruits and vegetables which causes people to want a variety of different foods. |
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Term
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Definition
| built on gimmicks, examples arebeverly hills diet and eat great, lose weight diet |
|
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Term
| what do quick fad diets usually involve? |
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Definition
| they usually involve a costly product or service that doesnt lead to weight loss. if a fad diet is legit, you will hear of many peer review journals such as the surgeon generals office or the national institiues of health |
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Term
| medications that enhance norepinephrine and serotonin activity in the brain by reducing the re-uptake of these neurotransmitters. this effect causes the neurotransmitters to remain active in the brain longer, which prolongs a sense of reduced hunger are called |
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Definition
|
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Term
| success in medication has only been proven effective when, |
|
Definition
| people alter their behaviour, decrease their energy intake, and increase their physical activity levels. |
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Term
| Novelty diets are built on what? |
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Definition
| they are built on gimmicks, some emphasize only one food group and exclude all others |
|
|
Term
| amphetamine (fastin or ionamin) does what? |
|
Definition
| prolongs epinephrine and norepinephrine acitivity in the brain. effective in the short term but not the long term. |
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|
Term
| low carb duets lead to what? |
|
Definition
| reduced glycogen synthesis and therefore reduced amounts of water in the body |
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Term
| quack fad diets usually involve |
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Definition
| a costly product or service that doesnt lead to weight loss. |
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Term
| when trying to loose weight, you should see a _____ then they will recommend you go see a _____ if need be |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| why does drug therapy alone not work? |
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Definition
| because the person also needs to modify their behaviour, decrease their energy intake and increase their phyiscal activity |
|
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Term
| what are some medications that inhibit lipase enzyme action in the small intestine which reduces fat digestion by about ____ % are what types? |
|
Definition
| orlistat, xenical and alli |
|
|
Term
| malabosored fat is deposited in the____. what else does malabosored fat carry? |
|
Definition
| feces; fat soluble vitamins into the feces, so a multi vitamin and supplement is important when going on the drugs Alli and orlistat |
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|
Term
| certain anti depressants can do what to a person? |
|
Definition
| have some weight loss side effects but are not necessarily approved for weight loss. |
|
|
Term
| how would you treat obesity (weighing over 100 lbs over healthy body weight or double a persons body weight) |
|
Definition
| requires professional treatment. |
|
|
Term
| what are some practices to treat obesity? |
|
Definition
| very low carb diet, or gastroplasty. |
|
|
Term
| how does gastropastry work? |
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Definition
| it works by reducing the stomach capcity to about 30 ml (the volume of 1 egg or a shot glass) and bypassing a short segment of the upper small intestine. |
|
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Term
| what is another surgical approach doctors use to treat morbid obesity? |
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Definition
| banded gastroplasty, where a vertical staple line is made down the pouch outlet, a bancd is placed to keep the opening from stretching. |
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|
Term
| gastroplasty also requires |
|
Definition
| major life style changes, such as the need for frequent small meals, and the elimination of sugars from the diet |
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|
Term
| ____% of people who have had gastroplasty eventually loose half or more of their excess body weight |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are some serious risks that can happen from gastroplasty? what percent have died from this surgery? |
|
Definition
| bleeding, blood clots,hernias, and servere infections;2 |
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|
Term
| in the long run, people can develop _______ if the person is not adequelty treated in the years following the surgeries |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| being underweight is having a BMI under ____. being underweight can also carry health risks such as... |
|
Definition
| 18.5, loss of menstrual function, low bone mass, complications with pregnancy and surgery, slow recovery after an illness. |
|
|
Term
| what can underweight be caused by? |
|
Definition
| excess physical activity,, severly restriced calorie intake and health conditions such as cancer, infectious disease(tuberculosis), digestive tract dissorder ( chronic inflammatory bowel disease) and mental stress or depression |
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Term
| an extra ____ calories per day may be required to gain weight for someone who is under weight |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is one approach for treating indivuals who are under weight? |
|
Definition
to replace less-energy-dense foods with higher energy dense foods.
portion sizes may need to be increased gradually
having a regular meal and snack schelduale |
|
|
Term
| what are some things that a person should do so that weight issues do not arise as they get older? |
|
Definition
beware of the problem ( figure out first if you are over or under weight)
look at the food diary you completed
set goals
make a plan
commit to the plan
put the plan into action
reevaluate and prevent relapse
and maintain behavioural changes |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| as mild and short term changes in eating patterns that occur in response to a stressful event, an illness, or a desire to modify the diet for health and or personal appearence reasons |
|
|
Term
| why are some people more prone to eating dissorders because |
|
Definition
| of genetics, psychological and physical reasons |
|
|
Term
| eating dissorders are NOT restricted to |
|
Definition
| socioeconomic class, ethnicity, age, group or gender |
|
|
Term
| dissorded eating can escalate into.. |
|
Definition
| phsyhiological changes associated with sustained food restricitons,binge eating, purging and fluctuations in wieght that interfere with everyday activities |
|
|
Term
| without treatment, what can eating dissorders cause? |
|
Definition
| serious pyshcial health complications, including heart conditions and kidney failure, which may even lead to death |
|
|
Term
| what are the main types of eating dissorders? |
|
Definition
| anerexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. a third type is binge eating dissorder |
|
|
Term
| more than _____ people in North America have one of the eating dissorders |
|
Definition
| 5 million; females out number guys 5:1 |
|
|
Term
| eating dissorders develop ____% of the time during adolescence or early adulthood. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| up to ___% of women will develop an eating dissorder in their life time (in North America) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anerexia implies a loss of appetite, however, a denial of appetite accuratley describes the behaviour of people with anerexia nervosa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anerexia nervosa is characterized by (4things) |
|
Definition
| extreme weight loss, a distorted body image,an irrational fear of obesity and weight gain |
|
|
Term
| 1 in ___ adolescent girls in NA with eventualyl develop anerexia nervosa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in men, ____ are more prone to develop anerexia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the symptoms of anerexia nervosa? |
|
Definition
| hair loss, fainting/fatigue , loss of heart tissue/decreassed heart rate, langua ( downy hairs that appear on the body after a person has lost much body fat through stravation), minimal subctaneous fat, loss of menstrual periods, low bone mass, mscle tears/stress factures, low body temp, low metabolic rate/cold intolerance |
|
|
Term
| what are symptoms of bellimia? |
|
Definition
| swollen salivary glands, irritaion of the esiphagus, stomach ulcers |
|
|
Term
| what are symptoms of both anerexia and bullimia? |
|
Definition
| blood potassium imblance, dental deay, iron-deficiency anemia, lw white blood cell count/delcine in immune function, constipation |
|
|
Term
| body weight less than ___% is a clinical indicator of anorexia nervosa |
|
Definition
| 85, BMI is a more reliable indicator of malnourishment, |
|
|
Term
| BMI less than _____% or less indicates a server case of anorexia nervosa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the first goal for nutrition therapy? |
|
Definition
| establishing the persons trust and patietns cooperation |
|
|
Term
| food intake is designed to first____ |
|
Definition
| minimize or stop any further weight loss |
|
|
Term
| during the initial weight gain phase, an energy intake goal of 1000 to 1600 kcal/per day with a distribution of ___ or ___% of carbs, ___ or ___% protein, and ____ or ____% of fat |
|
Definition
50 or 55 carbs
15 to 20 protein
25 or 30 fat |
|
|
Term
| monitoring for rapid changes in electrolytes and minerals in the blood, especially ___,____,____ is critical as more food is included in the diet |
|
Definition
| phosphours,potassium and magnessium |
|
|
Term
| what is bullimia characterized by? |
|
Definition
| episodes of binge eating followed by attempts to purge the excess energy consumed by vommiting or misusing laxatives, diuretices or enemas. |
|
|
Term
| do people with bullima recognize or dont recognize that their behavior is abnormal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| up to ___% of adolescent and college-age women suffer from bilimia nervosa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many cases does bullimia affect men? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| true or false, many people suffering with bullimia have elaborate food rules |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what can binge eating be caused by? |
|
Definition
| a combination of stress, hunger from recent dieting, boredom, loneliness, and depression |
|
|
Term
| most binge eating occurs during the ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| even when vommiting follows binging, ___ to ___% of the food energy taken in and is still absorbed, which causes some weight gain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| people with bullimia trying to over compensate for the zmouunt of energy they consumed by excersing |
|
|
Term
| what are some health problems associated with bullimia? most of which is caused by vommiting |
|
Definition
repeated exposure of teeth to the acid in vomit causes deminerilization,making teeth painful and sensitve to heat.
-blood potassium can drop significanlty because of regular vommiting or misuse of diuretics
-stomach ulcers and tears in the esophagus develop,in some cases |
|
|
Term
| what is the first goal to treat bilimia? |
|
Definition
| decrease the amount of food consumed in a binge session in order to reduce the rish or esophageal tears from untreated purging and vomitting |
|
|
Term
| nutirtionists should... when first dealing with a person of bulimia |
|
Definition
| develop regular eating habits and correcting misconceptions about food. |
|
|
Term
| Eating dissorders not otherwise specified (EDNOS) are |
|
Definition
| a broad category of eating disorder in which individuals have partial syndromes that do not meet the strict criteria for either of the other dissorders |
|
|
Term
| about ___% of people with eating disorders fall into EDNOS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how would you classify binge eating? |
|
Definition
| an addiction to food involving psychological dependece. |
|
|
Term
| people who are binge eaters are usually ____ at controlling it without personal help |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nutritional therapy for people with binge eating |
|
Definition
| is the same as bulimia, monitor foood intake, etc |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blocks absorption of about 30% of consumed fat, GI symptoms(oily spotting, flatus with discharage, fecal urgency, oily stools, incontinence) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
central:inhibits synaptic reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin
dry mouth, constipation, headaches, insomnia, increased blood pressure, tachycardia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
central: stimulates release of noripenephrine
CNs stimulation, tachycardia, dry mouth, insomnia, palpitations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
central, stimulates adrenergic receptors
CNS stimulation, tachycardia, dry mouth, insomnia, palpitations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
central: inhibits reuptake of dopamine norepinephrine
CNS stimulation, dry mouth, headache, GI effects. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| allows you to look at fat in particular organs, gold standard for specific organs in fat |
|
|
Term
| what does the hypothalamus do? |
|
Definition
| ghrelin and leptin and insulin , interacts with food you consume to help regulate energy balance |
|
|
Term
| eating behaviour regulation is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a naturally occuring homone that plays a role in satiety and weight maintenance
produced in adipocytes
its role in weight regulation is related to its effects on the hypothalamus, where it leads to satiety, decreased food intake, increased energy expenditure in the periphery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
decreases after a mean, between meal is when it goes up
makes you want to eat,
orezigenic hormone,
CCK plays a role in satiety |
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