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| process of shortening note values in a melody |
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| the 5th note of a scale; a 3-note chord built on the 5th note of a scale |
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| a four-note chord built on the 5th note of a scale, including the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th notes |
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| two vertical lines placed at the end of a section or composition to indicate its conclusion |
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| meter that organizes pulses into groups of two |
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| markings or symbols in a piece of music that indicate volume |
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| instruments that generate sound using electricity |
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| musical organizers (melody, rhythm, harmony, form, and expressive controls) |
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| a note that ornaments a melody, usually indicated with a small note or symbol |
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| a group of musicians performing together; the manner in which a group of musicians perform together |
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| Italian term: expressively |
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| the opening section in sonata form, in which the main themes are presented; the opening section of a fugue |
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| movement that appeared at the end of the 19th century; emphasized the expression of the artist's or composer's inner feelings and ideals |
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| the elements of music that control its expressive qualities; dynamics, form, articulation, tempo, etc. |
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| a composition with no set form, in which a composer develops an often well-known theme |
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| a symbol that tells a musician to sustain a note longer than the note would normally last |
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| in musical notation, a bass line harmonized with numerals rather than with notes on a staff; prominent during the baroque era |
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| the final movement of a symphony or sonata, the final piece of music on a program |
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| a symbol indicating the a note is lowered one half-step |
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| a song that is passed on through several generations by word of mouth |
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| the order or design of a composition |
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| Italian term: very loudly |
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| an Italian song form of the 15th and 16th centuries |
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| a polyphonic composition in which a theme (subject) is stated by successive voices and developed contrapuntally (using counterpoint) |
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| the root note of a chord; the lowest pitch in an overtone series |
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| a French dance originating in the 17th century; usually four-four meter and beginning and ending each phrase in the middle of a measure |
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| a specific category of art, music, or literature characterized by a special style, form, or content |
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| Italian term: in a joyful and playful manner |
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| rapid succession of consecutive pitches that the performer "slides" through rather than articulating several pitches |
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| a composition in which a short melodic phrase (the ground bass) is repeated over and over as the bass line; during each repetition the melody and/or harmony above the bass is varied; a popular form during the baroque era |
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| a short phrase for a low instrument repeated over and over while the upper parts play variations on each repetition |
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| the smallest distance possible between two pitches in a major or minor scale; the distance from one key immediately to the next on a piano keyboard |
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| a pitch in a overtone series |
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| two or more pitches played or sung at the same time |
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| the first note of a scale |
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