Term
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Definition
| another name for cords of Bilroth, found within the red pulp of the Spleen |
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Term
palatoglossal & palatophayngeal arches
palatine tonsils are located between them |
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Definition
| another name for the anterior and posterior tonsillar pillars (BONUS: what is located between them? |
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Term
| not commonly, but they would have a foci of b cells |
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Definition
| are there germinal centers in Peyer's patches? |
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Term
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Definition
| areas of white pulp in the spleen are follicular areas +/- germinal centers with a central ____ in the middle |
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Term
1)antigen specific t-cell receptors
2)CD (cluster of differentiation) Surface markers
3) class 1 & 2 HLA (human leukocyte Ag) surface markers |
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Definition
| as t cells mature, what 3 things do they express? |
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Term
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Definition
| blind ended sac, vestigial cecum |
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Term
| surrounded by macrophages, called sheathed capillaries |
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Definition
| blind ending capillaries in the spleen that lack endothelial lining, what are they surrounded by, what are they called? |
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Term
| cannot see MALT, but can see Peyer's patches |
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Definition
| can you see MALT without a microscope? how about Peyer's patches? |
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Term
| thymic/hassals corpuscles (nurse cells don't really die-though they are bubble gum pink-, they hang around and form a collagen (& reticulin) web around themselves) |
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Definition
| degenerate reticular and epithelial nurse cells |
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Term
| only efferent lymph vessels draining lymph exit the thymus because the t cells are not full differentiated, there are no Afferent lymph vessels to the thymus. |
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Definition
| describe afferent and efferent LYMPH vessels to the thymus |
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Term
| they project into the lumen of gut in dome areas with cuboidal mucosa, also contain M-cells |
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Definition
| describe the shape/layer of tissue that Peyer's patches are in? |
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Term
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Definition
| diffuse, unencapsulated lymphoid aggregates associated with mucosal surfaces |
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Term
| not appreciable quantities of IgA |
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Definition
| do Peyers patches make antibodies? |
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Term
| it can, similar to lymph nodes |
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Definition
| does MALT have germinal centers? |
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Term
| no, thymus and lymph nodes do though |
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Definition
| does the spleen have a cortex an medulla? |
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Term
| yes, it is made of dense irregular CT (just like lymph nodes) |
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Definition
| does the thymus have a capsule? |
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Term
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Definition
| endothelial cells that line sinusoids on the spleen |
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Term
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Definition
| enlarged germinal centers visible to the naked eye |
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Term
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Definition
| epithelial cells, mainly within the cortex(also medulla) of the thymus that provide physiologic and metabolic support function and structural support |
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Term
| thymic/hassals corpuscles |
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Definition
| eosinophilic lamellated structures within the medulla of the thymus, important for identification of thymus tissue |
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Term
| something gets caught in the appendix and plugs it up so neutrophils attack it and it swells up as the neutrophils die and form pus. This is painful, and if left untreated will cause the appendix to burst |
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Definition
| how can appendicitis occur? |
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Term
| via trabecular arteries which branch and form central arteries to white pulp(foci) |
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Definition
| how do branches of the splenic artery enter the white pulp within trabeculae |
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Term
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Definition
| how is blood drained from the spleen? |
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Term
| the lumen has skin like mucosa minus a stratum corneum |
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Definition
| how would you identify the palatine tonsil in lab? |
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Term
| apendicitis, you want to prevent secondary pertonitis when the appendix pops and all the dead neutrophils(pus) leak out |
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Definition
| if the appedix is inflammed, what is it called? and why should you get an appendectomy? |
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Term
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Definition
| if the spleen is removed (splenectomy) what organs take over its function? |
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Term
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Definition
| if you have eaten sweet bread, what have you eaten? |
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Term
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Definition
| in white pulp if it is a germinal center, what cells does it contain? |
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Term
| not exactly, the base is supported by a cup-shaped hemicapsule |
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Definition
| is the palatine tonsil encapsulated? |
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Term
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Definition
| is there a cortex and medulla in the palatine tonsil? |
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Term
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Definition
| large thick bands of dense CT that extend into the body of the spleen |
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Term
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Definition
| largest lymphoid organ in the body |
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Term
1) b & t cell replication; manufacture of ab, ag removal [like lymph nodes]
2) removes particulate matter & aged or defective RBC's from circulation via phagocytosis
3) recycles Fe from Hb
4) hemopoesis in fetus |
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Definition
| list the functions of the spleen |
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Term
1) production of mature, immunocompetent Th & Tc cells (helper and cytotoxic t cells)
2) clonal proliferation of Tc cells
3) development of immunologic self-tolerance (clonal deletion of self antibodies) -prevents autoimmune disorders
4) secretion of hormones regulating t-cell development & maturation |
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Definition
| list the functions of the thymus |
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Term
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Definition
| lobular lymphatic organ located in the mediastinum |
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Term
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Definition
| lymphoid aggregates that contain large numbers of t cells |
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Term
| M-cells? or MALT? not sure |
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Definition
| responsible for antigen sampling and transfer from gut lumen into lymphoid follicles |
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Term
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Definition
| samples antigenic material, produces lymphoblasts, secretes antibodies |
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Term
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Definition
| special type of MALT scattered throughout small intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| squamoid enterocytes located on surface epithelium with microfolds instead of microvilli, contained within MALT |
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Term
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Definition
| the ____ of white pulp in the spleen functions as a site of antigen presentation & phagocytosis (contains a large number of macrophages, plasma cells to make antibodies, and t helper cells) |
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Term
lymph: b cells
thymus: t cells |
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Definition
| the lymph tissue is mostly ___ cells, while the thymus is mostly ___ cells |
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Term
| it lacks lymphoid follicles |
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Definition
| the thymus is similar in appearance to lymph nodes, but how is it different? |
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Term
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Definition
| this forms a non-continuous perivascular sheath or cuff that acts as part of filtering mechanism of the spleen, active in phagocytosis |
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Term
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Definition
| this lymph organ degenerates at puberty and is considered vestigial in adults |
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Term
| periarteriolar lymphatic sheaths arteries or arterioles surrounded by t cells rather than b cells |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| what are Peyer's patches similar to histologically in the colon? |
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Term
| either the depression the tonsil sits in OR the cracks on the surface where the epithelia has invaded the tonsil |
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Definition
| what are tonsillar crypts? |
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Term
| mostly b cells, plasma cells, and macrophages |
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Definition
| what cells are found in the medulla of the thymus? |
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Term
| stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium (looks like skin without stratum corneum) |
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Definition
| what covers the luminal surface of the palatine and lingual tonsils? |
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Term
slender interlobular septa (aka trabeculae)
note: these are more pronounced than the ones in lymph nodes |
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Definition
| what divides the thymus into lobules? |
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Term
| phagocytize senescent RBC's |
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Definition
| what do macrophages in red pulp of the spleen do? |
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Term
| various hormones such as thymotaxin, thymosin, and thymopoeitin which attract, regulate, and promote t-cell proliferation into Th, Tc, and Ts(t supressor) cells |
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Definition
| what do nurse cells secrete? what does this do? |
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Term
| arterioles, terminate in 2-3 sheathed capillaries |
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Definition
| what do penicillar arteries of the spleen branch into? and terminate in? |
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Term
| more surface area for phagocytosis |
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Definition
| what do the pulp cords provide the macrophages? |
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Term
| perpendicular penicillar artery |
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Definition
| what does the central artery of the spleen branch into (first)after it continues into the red pulp |
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Term
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Definition
| what embryonic structure is the thymus derived from? |
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Term
| endothelial slits between the stave cells |
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Definition
| what feature of stave cells allows free passage of blood cells? |
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Term
| invasion of the epithelium of the palatine tonsil into the tonsil tissue |
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Definition
| what forms blind ended tonsillar crypts? |
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Term
| it progressively atrophies |
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Definition
| what happens to MALT distribution as you age? |
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Term
| GALT in the gut, BALT in the resp. tract |
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Definition
| what is MALT called in the gut? in the respiratory tract? |
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Term
a ring of immunologic protection for the GI and respiratory tracts
It is formed from the palatal, lingual, and pharyngeal tonsils |
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Definition
| what is Waldeyer's ring? what does it do, and what forms it? |
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Term
| PALS (periarteriolar lymphatic sheaths) in white pulp of the spleen |
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Definition
what is being described:
lack germinal centers, because no t cell proliferation
less well developed in humans that other species and require IHC stain to ID
term often used interchangeably with primary follicles in white pulp |
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Term
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Definition
| what is the appendix used for in herbivores? |
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Term
| pulp cords are more cellular and contain large numbers of RBC's, macrophages, and lymphs(b&t cells) |
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Definition
| what is the difference between sinusoids and pulp cords in the red pulp of the spleen? |
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Term
| contraction in some species and as a reservoir for RBC's |
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Definition
| what is the function of the capsule of the spleen? |
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Term
| dense fibro-elastic capsule; contains smooth muscle cells (for splenic contraction in some species) |
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Definition
| what is the outer capsule of the spleen made of? |
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Term
| it is an important hemopoetic organ during fetal development |
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Definition
| what is the thymus used for in the fetus? |
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Term
| when the thymus undergoes fatty infiltration and lymphatic depletion (at puberty) |
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Definition
| what is thymic involution? |
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Term
| white pulp is clusters(discreet nodules) of WBC's in the red pulp of the spleen |
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Definition
| what is white pulp? where is it found? |
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Term
| a continuous, antigenic CT sheath known as the blood-thymus barrier |
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Definition
| what isolates the blood vessels of the thymus from the immune system? |
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Term
| continuous epithelium on the inner surface of the capsule |
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Definition
| what isolates the thymus from the rest of the immune system? |
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Term
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Definition
| what kind of pulp is most of the spleen? |
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Term
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Definition
| what organ does development of immunologic self-tolerance (clonal deletion of self antibodies) |
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Term
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Definition
| what organ does maturation and CLONAL proliferation of t cells? |
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Term
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Definition
| what organ secretes hormones regulating t-cell development & maturation |
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Term
| CT skeleton of reticular cells and reticular fibers |
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Definition
| what supports pulp cords (CT)? |
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Term
| a thin, basophilic marginal zone |
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Definition
| what surrounds the areas of white pulp in the spleen? |
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Term
| primarily IgA (mucosa/secretory associated antibodies) most other antibodies are associated with the blood |
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Definition
| what type of antibodies does MALT produce? |
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Term
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Definition
| what type of cell (b or t) does the appendix mostly contain? |
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Term
| b (b cells dominate everything except the cortex of the thymus & peyers patches- note: the medulla of the thymus is mostly b) |
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Definition
| what type of cells are found in MALT mostly? (b or t?) |
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Term
| epithelioreticular cells, reticular fibers, fibroblasts, macrophages, and plasma cells |
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Definition
| what type of cells surround the endothelium and basement membrane of blood vessels in the thymus? |
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Term
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Definition
| when blood cells leave the sheathed capillaries via diapedsis, where do they go? |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| most common in the ileum and least common in the duodenum but found in all parts of the small intestine |
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Definition
| where are Peyer's patches found? |
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Term
| scattered throughout the parenchyma, may include germinal centers making them secondary (primary follicles if not) |
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Definition
| where are lymphoid follicles in the palatine tonsil? what might they include? |
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Term
| the highly cellular cortex(just like lymph nodes), t cells and macrophages |
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Definition
| where are most of the lymphocytes concentrated in the thymus? what kinds of lymphocytes? |
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Term
| at the base of the tongue |
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Definition
| where are the lingual tonsils located? |
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Term
| junction of the oral and pharyngeal cavities, within tonsillar crypts & between anterior and posterior tonsillar pillars |
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Definition
| where are the palatine tonsils located? |
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Term
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Definition
| where are the pharyngeal tonsils found? |
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Term
| subepithelial CT of the lamina propria |
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Definition
| where is MALT located in the layers of tissue? |
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Term
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Definition
| which model of circulation applies to the spleen? |
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Term
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Definition
| which organs in this chapter are sites of hemopoesis in the fetus? |
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Term
| appendix, peyer's patches, MALT |
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Definition
| which structures in this chapter are diffuse lymphoid tissue? |
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