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Lymphatic and respiratory system prefixes
Lymphatic system prefixes
Ana- |
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Meaning:up, upward or back, backward
Example:anastomosis -a surgical connection between two structures,such as lymphatic vessels,often performed to restore fluid flow. |
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Meaning: against
Example:antgenic -relating to or characteristic of antigen, a substance that triggers an immune response. |
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Meaning: large
Example:macrophage -a large white blood cell that engulfs and digests pathogens and debris. |
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Meaning:one, single
Example:mononucleosis-a viral infection that increasescertain types of white blood cells (monocytes) and often affects lymph nodes.. |
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Meaning: new
Example: neoplasm-a new and abnormal growthof tissue, often a tumor. |
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Meaning: distant
Example: teletherapy - a form of external radiation therapy where the radiation source is distant from the body. |
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Respiratory system prefixes
A, an- |
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Meaning: without, not
Example: anoxia- the absence of oxygen in tissues. |
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Meaning: slow
Example: bradypnea- abnormally slow breathing. |
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Meaning: blue
Example: cyanoderma- a bluish discoloration of the skin due to lack of oxygen, also referred to as cyanosis. |
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Meaning: difficult, painful, abnormal
Example:dysphoria - a condition involving difficulty speaking or having an abnormal voice. Often caused by issues in the larynx or vocal cords. |
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Meaning:within, inside
Example: endotracheal intubation- the insertion of a tube through the mouth into the trachea to maintain an open airway. |
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Meaning: good, normal
Example: eucapnia - a normal level of Carbon dioxide in the blood,essential for maintaining pH balance and respiratory health. |
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Meaning: excessive, above
Example: hyperresonance- an increased echo heard during percussion of the chest, often indicating air trapping in conditions like pneumothorax or emphysema. |
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Meaning: below, deficient
Example: hypoxemia - low levels of oxygen in the blood,which can impair the delivery of oxygen to tissues and organs. it is often caused by respiratory disorders such as asthma, pneumonia, COPD,or pulmonary embolism.
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Meaning: beside, near
Example: paranasal-beside the nose |
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Meaning: many, excessive
Example: polysomnography- a test to study multiple aspects sleep, often used to diagnosis sleep disorder. |
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Meaning: fast
Example: tachypnea- rapid breathing |
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Lymphatic system and respiratory system suffixes
Lymphatic system
-Ac |
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Meaning: pertaining to
Example: hypochondriac-pertaining to the upper abdomen beneath the ribs. The hypochondriac regions are located near lymph nodes that assist in draining parts of the abdominal cavity. |
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Meaning: pertaining to
Example: inguinal- pertaining the groin, where many lymph nodes are located. |
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Meaning: pertaining to
Example: axillary-pertaining to the armpit. |
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Meaning: removable
Example:plasmapheresis -removal of plasma from the blood,often used to treat autoimmune system |
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Meaning: killing
Example:bactericide - a substance that kills bacteria, sometimes used to prevent infections in lymphatic tissues. |
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Meaning: swelling
Example:lymphedema -swelling that generally occurs in one of the arms or legs due to a blockage in the lymphatic system. |
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Meaning: creation , formation
Example:lymphangiogenesis -the formation of new lymphatic vessels, a process that plays a vital role in tissue repair,immune responses,and conditions such as cancer, by providing additional pathways for fluid and cell transport. |
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Meaning: pertaining to
Example: Cytotoxic-pertaining to the destruction of cells,often used in cancer treatments affecting lymphatic cells. |
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Meaning: specialist in the study of
Example; oncologist- a doctor who specializes in the study and treatment of cancer,including cancers affecting the lymphatic systems. |
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Meaning: study of
Example:immunology- the study of the immune system,including diseases that affect lymphatic system, such as lymphoma, lymphedema,and autoimmune conditions. |
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Meaning: destruction
Example:hemolytic - pertaining to the destruction of red blood cells, which can affect immune and lymphatic function. |
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Meaning: view of
Example:biopsy - the removal of tissue for examination, often used to diagnose lymphatic cancers. |
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Meaning: formation, growth
Example: cytoplasm- the gel-like material within cells,including lymphatic cells,where cellular processes occur. |
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Meaning:formation or production
Example: hematopoiesis- the formation of blood cells, which are essential to immune and lymphatic function. |
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Meaning: inhibiting
Example: bacteriastatic- an agent that inhibits bacterial growth, helping prevent infections in the lymphatic system. |
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Meaning: treatment
Example:radiotherapy-treatment using radiation, often used for cancers that affect the lymphatic system. |
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Respiratory system suffixes
-Ation |
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Meaning:process, condition
Example: expectoration- the process of coughing up material from the lungs. |
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Meaning: surgical puncture to remove fluid
Example: thoracentesis-removal of fluid from the pleural space. |
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Meaning: pain
Example: pleurodynia-pain in the pleura (lining of the ducts) |
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Meaning:dilation, expansion
Example: bronchiectasis-dilation of the bronchi |
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Meaning: condition
Example:empyema- a collection of pus within a cavity in the body, particularly the pleural space of the lungs. |
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Meaning: condition
Example: hypoxia - a condition of low oxygen levels. |
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Meaning:having the ability to, pertaining to
Example:antitussive -a medication used to Suppess coughing. |
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Meaning:measuring device
Example:pulse oximeter-a device used to measure oxygen Saturation levels in blood. |
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Meaning: tumor, mass
Example: granuloma-a mass of immune cells in the lungs. |
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Meaning: breathing
Example: orthopnea-difficulty breathing that improves whensitting or standing upright.it is often associated with heart failure lung conditions where lying flat can causes shortness of breath. |
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Meaning: spitting
Example: hemoptysis- spitting up blood from the respiratory tract. |
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Meaning: discharge, flow
Example:rhinorrhea-discharge from the nose. |
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Meaning: visual examination
Example: bronchoscopy-Visual examination of the bronchi. |
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Meaning: Instrument of viewing
Example: bronchoscope-instrument used to be the bronchi. |
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Meaning: Involuntary contraction.
Example: bronchospasm-voluntary contraction of the bronchi often seen in asthma.
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Meaning: dripping, bleeding
Example:epistaxis-The medical term for nosebleed. |
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Meaning: Creation of an opening
Example:tracheostomy-surgical creation of an opening in a trachea. |
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Meaning:cutting, incision
Example:Laryngotomy: Surgical incision to the Larnyx(voice-box) |
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Lymphatic and respiratory system word roots
Lymphatic system
Aden/o |
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Meaning: gland
Example: adenopathy-these are the glands, especially the lymph nodes |
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Meaning: adenoids
Example:adenoidectomy-surgical removal of the adenoids which are part of the lymphatic system. |
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Meaning: cancer
Example: carcinoma-a type of cancer that begins in epithelial tissues and can be spread to the lymphatic system |
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Meaning:neck
Example: cervicodynia: which can be associated with swollen lymph nodes, or infections of the lymphatic system |
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Meaning: cell
Example:cytology-The study of cells often used to diagnose diseases affecting Lymphatic cells |
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Meaning: fungus
Example: fungicide-
An agent that kills fungi, often used to prevent fungal infections in the lymphatic system |
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Meaning: lymph
Example:lymphoma-type of cancer that begins in lymphatic tissue. |
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Meaning: immune, immunity
Example:immunogenic-something that can provoke an immune response, such as antigen or vaccination component |
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Meaning: lymph node
Example:lymphadenopathy-disease of lymph nodes Often Seen an infections or cancers |
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Meaning: lymph vessel
Example:lymphangiography -imaging of the lymphatic vessel. |
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Meaning: lymphocyte
Example: lymphocytopenia -deficiency of lymphocytes, which are vital to immune function. |
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Meaning: breast
Example: mammogram: an image of the breast used to screen for breast cancer, which can spread to lymph nodes; mastectomy-surgical removal of the breast |
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Meaning: Tumor
Example:oncology -Study of cancer, including cancers of the lymphatic system |
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Meaning: eat, swallow
Example: phagocyte cell that engulfs and digest for substances, including bacteria, dead cells and debris, which is crucial for immune response |
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Meaning:formation, development
Example;neoplastic -pertaining to the growth of the tumor often in the lymph Tissue |
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Meaning: Spleen
Example: splenectomy-surgical removal of the spleen |
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Meaning:thymusgland
Example:thymoma-A tumor or originating from the thymus gland part of the lymphatic system |
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Meaning:tonsil
Example: tonsillectomy -Surgical removal of the tonsils |
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Meaning:virus
example:viremia-The presence of virus in the blood often affect affecting the lymphatic and immune system |
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Respiratory word roots
Alveol/o
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Meaning: alveolus, air sac
Example: alveolitis -inflammation of the alveoli, which are tiny sacks in the lungs responsible for gas exchange. This condition can result from infections , autoimmune disease, or inhalation of harmful substances leading to difficulty breathing and reduced oxygen absorption. |
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Meaning: bronchus
Example:bronchostenosis-narrowing of the bronchial passages, which can develop due to scarring, inflammation, tumors, or chronic infections. The reduced airway size can make breathing difficult and may cause wheezing or recurring respiratory problems. |
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Meaning: Carbon dioxide
Example: hypercapnia-condition marked by excessive carbon dioxide in the bloodstream, often caused by hypoventilation or lung disease diseases, like chronic obstructive, pulmonary disease symptoms include confusion, shortness of breath, and headache, headaches requiring ventilation support In severe cases |
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| Meaning: larnyx( voice box) |
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| Meaning: pharynx (throat) |
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| Meaning: pleura(membrane surrounding the lungs) |
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| Meaning: X-rays,radiation |
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Lymphatic system and respiratory system abbreviations
Respiratory system
ARDS(acute respiratory distress syndrome) |
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| Definition:ARDS is a severe lung condition that occurs when fluid builds up on the alveoli,leading to low oxygen levels in the bloodstream.it often results from trauma infection, or other serious conditions. |
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| BiPAP (bilevel positive airway pressure) |
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| Definition:BiPAP is a non-invasive ventilator therapy used to help maintain airflow into the lungs by delivering different levels of air pressure during inhalation and exhalation. It is often used to treat sleep apnea and respiratory failure. |
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| Definition: Fibrosis is a genetic disorder that affects the lungs and digestive system, causing thick sticky mucus to build up, leading to respiratory and digestive problems. |
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| COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) |
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| Definition:COPD Is a chronic lung disease that causes obstructive air flow from the lungs making it difficult to breathe it includes conditions such as emphysema Chronic bronchitis. |
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| Definition: A CXR A diagnostic imaging test that uses x-rays to create pictures of the chest, including the lungs, heart ,and bones. It is often used to diagnose conditions like pneumonia and tuberculosis. |
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| FESS(functional endoscopic sinus surgery) |
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| Definition: FESS is a minimally, invasive surgical procedure used to restore normal drainage and function to the sinuses by removing blockages typically used to treat Sinusitis |
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| HBOT(hyperbaric oxygen therapy) |
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| Definition: HBOT Is a treatment that involves breathing pure oxygen In a pressurized room of chamber, it is used to tree conditions, such as decompression sickness, serious infections, and wounds that won’t heal |
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| MDI(metered dose Inhaler) |
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| Definition:an MDI What is the device that delivers a specific amount of medication to the lungs in the form of a mist commonly used to treat conditions like asthma and COPD. |
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| OSA(obstructive sleep apnea) |
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| Definition:OSA is a condition in which the muscles in the throat relaxed excessively during sleep, causing repeated blockages of the airway and Interruptions and Difficulty breathing |
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| Definition: Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the ear infection and one or both lungs, which may fill with fluid or pus causing symptoms of cough, fever, and difficulty breathing |
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| PFT(pulmonary function test) |
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| Definition:A PFT Is the group of test that measure how well the lungs are working, including how much air they can hold, how quickly air can be an exhaled, and how well the lungs deliver oxygen to the blood |
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| SIDS(sudden infant death syndrome) |
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| Definition: SIDS Is the unexplained death of a healthy infant, typically during sleep it is Sometimes referred to as crib, death and often occurs in infants under one year-old |
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| Definition:TB Is a potentially serious bacterial infection caused by Myobacterium tuberculosis it primarily affects the lungs but can spread to other parts of the body. It is highly contagious and spread through airborne Droplets. |
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| URI(upper respiratory infection) |
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| Definition: A URI An infection that affects the upper respiratory tract, including the nose, throat, and sinuses it is commonly known as the common cold and often caused by viruses |
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| Vats(video assisted thoracoscopic surgery) |
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| Definition:vats Is a minimally, invasive surgical procedure used to examine entry conditions in chest a small camera (thoracoscope) and surgical instruments are inserted through small incisions to access the lungs or other thoracic organs. |
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Lymphatic system abbreviations
Ab(antibody) |
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| Definition: Antibodies, a protein produced by the immune system and response to foreign substances(antigens) Bacteria, viruses, or toxins antibodies, help neutralize these invaders |
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| Definition: Antigen is any substance that triggers an immune response in the body, such as bacteria, viruses, or other foreign particles antigen stimulate the production of antibodies |
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| Definition: Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. It can develop in any organ or tissue. |
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| Definition: Carcinoma in situ The term used to describe cancer cells that are in the place where they are first formed and have not spread to surrounding Tissues, it is an early stage cancer |
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| DCIS( ductal Carcinoma in situ) |
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| Definition:DCIS is a non-invasive type of breast cancer were abnormal cells are found in the lining of the breast duct, but have not spread beyond the duct. It is an early form of breast cancer. |
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| ELISA(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) |
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| Definition: ELISA Is a laboratory test used to detect antibodies in the blood, commonly used to diagnose infections, such as HIV, or monitor immune responses |
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| Definition: Hodgkin lymphoma Is a type of cancer that begins in the lymphatic system and is characterized by the presence of abnormal cells called Reed Sternberg cells. It affects the immune system’s ability to fight infection. |
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| Definition:herpes zoster, r Known as shingles is a viral infection caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster Virus, which can cause chickenpox results in a painful rash. |
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| Definition:IgA is the anti antibody that plays a crucial role in mucosal Immunity, providing protection to body surfaces, such as the respiratory and digestive tracts. |
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| Definition:IgD is a type of antibody that is present, and small amounts in the blood, and is involved in the activation of immune responses, Particularly in development of B cells. |
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| Definition:IgE is an antibody that is involved in the allergic reactions and protects against parasitic infections. elevated IgE Levels are often seen in individuals with allergies. |
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| Definition:IgG is the most common type of antibody in the blood and body fluids, providing long-term protection against bacteria and viruses. it plays a critical role in the immune response. |
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| Definition:IgM is the first antibody produced in response to an infection it provides early defense while the body prepares to produce more specific antibodies like IgG. |
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| Definition:immunoglobulin A type of antibody produced by the immune system to help fight infections there are different types of immunoglobulins, Each plane a unique role in the Immune response. |
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| Definition: Lupus erythmatosus is an autoimmune disease with the immune system, attacks, healthy tissue, causing inflammation, pain, and damage to various parts of the body, including skin, joints, and organs. |
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| Definition: metastasis Refers to the spread of cancer cells from the original(primary) Side to other parts of the body, this process makes cancer more difficult to treat and more dangerous. |
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| Definition:metastatic Refers to cancer that has spread from the primary side to other parts of the body, typically through the bloodstream or lymphatic system. |
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| MMR(Measles, mumps, and rubella) |
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| Definition:MMR The vaccine protects against three viral infections, measles, mumps, and rubella these diseases can cause serious health complications, but vaccination can prevent them. |
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| NHL (non-hodgkin Lymphoma) |
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Definition: non-hodgkin lymphoma is a group of cancers that originate in the lymphatic system unlike Hodgkin lymphoma, NHL it’s not involve read Sternberg cells and includes various subtypes.
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| VSZ(varicella zoster virus) |
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| Definition: varicella zoster virus The virus responsible for causing chickenpox and shingles after initial infection, it remains dormant in the body, and can reactivate a shingles later in life. |
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