Term
| 1/3 because lungs are elastic |
|
Definition
| when the thoracic cavity is opened what fraction of their uncollapsed size do they recoil to? why? |
|
|
Term
| heart and great vessels (middle mediastinum) |
|
Definition
| what separates the lungs? |
|
|
Term
| no, they are in separate pleural sacs ->no continuous airflow externally |
|
Definition
| are the lungs in a continuous space with each other? |
|
|
Term
right: upper, middle, lower
left: upper, lower |
|
Definition
| what are the lobes of the right lung? the left? |
|
|
Term
right: horizontal and oblique fissure
left: oblique fissure |
|
Definition
| what are the fissures of the right lung? the left lung? |
|
|
Term
| no, but know that lobe number does vay among vertebrae |
|
Definition
| is there a functional relationship between the number of lobes or variation of number of lobes? |
|
|
Term
| the lingula is on the left lobe where the heart lays on top, and it corresponds to the middle lobe of right lung |
|
Definition
| what does the lingula correspond to and on which lung is it? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what covers the apex of the lung? |
|
|
Term
2-3cm through the superior thoracic aperture into the root of the neck
injuries here can open the pleura, affecting the lungs |
|
Definition
| what does the apex of the lung project 2-3cm through? why is this significant? |
|
|
Term
| the sternum, costal cartilages, and ribs |
|
Definition
| what is the costal surface of the lungs adjacent to? |
|
|
Term
| mediastinum and sides of the vertebrae |
|
Definition
| what is the mediastinal surface of the lungs adjacent to? |
|
|
Term
| costal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic |
|
Definition
| what are the 3 surfaces of the lung? |
|
|
Term
anterior: where costal and mediastinal surfaces meet anteriorly and overlap the heart
inferior:
posterior: where costal and mediastinal surfaces meet posteriorly (broad and rounded) |
|
Definition
| what are the borders of the lungs and what are they between |
|
|
Term
| against the dome of the diaphragm |
|
Definition
| what is the diaphragmatic surface adjacent to? |
|
|
Term
| the STRUCTURES contained in the pulmonary sleeve and entering the hilum of the lung |
|
Definition
| what is the root of the lung? |
|
|
Term
| the AREA where the structures forming the root of the lung actually touch lung tissue |
|
Definition
| what is the hilum of the lung? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where the mediastinal pleura passes laterally as a double layer from immediately anterior to the esophagus of the lung |
|
|
Term
superior: artery, 1 vein(in the right root, the bronchus to the superior lobe is the most superior structure)
posterior: bronchus, 1 vein |
|
Definition
| what are the structures that form the root of the lung? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| do non-preserved lungs have impressions on them? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what ligament secures the lungs inferiorly |
|
|
Term
| thoracic aorta, esophagus, heart |
|
Definition
| what leaves impressions on the left lung? |
|
|
Term
azygous vein
superior vena cava
inferior vena cava
esophagus
heart |
|
Definition
| what structures are in contact with the right lung? |
|
|
Term
| posterior -it's against the espohagus |
|
Definition
| on which side of the trachea is there no cartilage? |
|
|
Term
| it is right at the bifurcation of the main bronchi |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lobar (secondary bronchi) |
|
Definition
| what do main bronchi divide into? |
|
|
Term
| segmental bronchi (tertiary bronchi) |
|
Definition
| what do lobar bronchi divide into? |
|
|
Term
right: superior, middle, inferior
left: superior, inferior
just like the lobes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the right one, it's also easier to see down. |
|
Definition
| which bronchi is often the site of aspiration pneumonia because it is more vertically oriented? |
|
|
Term
| swollen lymph nodes full of cancerous emboli pressing on it(yum) |
|
Definition
| what can cause the carina to tilt sideways? |
|
|
Term
| triangular with the apex toward the lung root and the base at the pleural surface |
|
Definition
| what shape are bronchopulmonary segments? |
|
|
Term
| bronchopulmonary segments, segments have their own blood and air supply |
|
Definition
| what is the largest surgical subdivision of a lobe? why? |
|
|
Term
| connective tissue septa with veins in them |
|
Definition
| what separates lung segements? |
|
|
Term
| segmental, they correspond to the airways |
|
Definition
| pulmonary veins are intersegmental, but arteries are ___ |
|
|
Term
superior lobe:
Apical
Posterior
Anterior
middle lobe:
Lateral
Medial
inferior lobe:
Superior
Medial-basal
Anterior-basal
Lateral-basal
Posterior-basal
Pneumonic: A PALM Seed Makes Another Little Palm |
|
Definition
| what bronchopulmonary segments are in the right lung? |
|
|
Term
superior lobe:
Apico-posterior (merger of "apical" and "posterior")
Anterior
lingula of superior lobe:
Inferior lingular
Superior lingular
inferior lobe:
Superior
Anteromedial basal (merger of "anterior basal" and "medial basal")
Posterior basal
Lateral basal
pneumonic: ASIA ALPS |
|
Definition
| what bronchopulmonary segments are in the left lung? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when you listen to a persons lungs on their back, what lobe are you listening to? |
|
|
Term
pulmonary arteries = anterior to the bronchus
note: bronchial arteries are on the posterior side |
|
Definition
| PULMONARY arteries run parallel to the bronchi, anteriorly or posteriorly? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small arteries that suply blood for nutrition of the root structures, supporting tissue of the lungs, and VISCERAL pleura |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| supplies blood to the parietal pleura of the lungs |
|
|
Term
left-thoracic aorta
right-either posterior intercostal artery or a left bronchial artery |
|
Definition
| what do the LEFT bronchial arteries arise from? RIGHT? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| BRONCHIAL arteries provide branches to _______ before following along the posterior aspects of the main bronchi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what do bronchial arteries anastamose with in the walls of the bronchioles? |
|
|
Term
some by the bronchial veins, some by the pulmonary veins
(Rinaldi said the mixing of unoxygenated blood is minimal) |
|
Definition
| what veins drain blood away from the PULMONARY arteries? |
|
|
Term
| they carry deoxygenated blood from the heart(pulmonary trunk) to the alveoli following the bronchi and splitting with them |
|
Definition
| what do PULMONARY arteries supply blood to? |
|
|
Term
right drains to Azygous vein
left to hemiazygous |
|
Definition
| what vein do the right and left bronchial veins drain to? |
|
|
Term
| pericardioperitoneal canals |
|
Definition
| lungs develop as invaginations of _____ |
|
|
Term
| somatopleure, receives somatic innervatino (touch, pain, temperature) |
|
Definition
| what is the parietal pleura derived from, and what kind of innervation does it receive? |
|
|
Term
| embryonic splanchnopleure - receives autonomic innervation (ischemia and tension increase) |
|
Definition
| what is the visceral pleura derived from and what innervation does it receive? |
|
|
Term
| tension ones move the mediastinum |
|
Definition
| what separates a tension and non-tension pneumothorax? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what happens to the pleura in a pneumothorax? |
|
|
Term
costal
diphragmatic
mediastinal
cervical |
|
Definition
| 4 parts of the parietal pleura: |
|
|
Term
sternal, costal, vertebral
-lines along which the parietal pleura changes direction from one wall of pleural cavity to another relativly abruptly |
|
Definition
| what are the lines of parietal pleural reflection? |
|
|
Term
| mediastinal and diaphragmatic |
|
Definition
| what parts of the parietal pleura receive phrenic innervation? |
|
|
Term
| costal, cervical, and periphery of the diaphragm |
|
Definition
| what parts of the parietal pleura receive intercostal innervation? |
|
|
Term
| costodiaphragmatic recess |
|
Definition
| potential space where diaphragmatic pleura is in contact with the costal pleura |
|
|
Term
costomediastinal recess
(it is larger on left, anterior to the heart) |
|
Definition
| potential space where costal pleura is in contact with mediastinal pleura |
|
|
Term
| anterior and posterior(mainly) to the root of the lungs |
|
Definition
| where are the pulmonary plexi located? |
|
|
Term
parasympathetics fro Vagus nerve
sympathetics from sympathetic trunk lateral horns, no gray rami(T1-T5) |
|
Definition
| what nerve fibers are contained in pulmonary plexi? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are the parasympathetic nerve fibers seen in the pulmonary plexus pre or post ganglionic? |
|
|
Term
parasympathetic: plexi along branches of the bronchial tree
sympathetic: paravertebral ganglia |
|
Definition
| where are parasympathetic ganglion cells located? sympathetic? |
|
|
Term
bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, secretomotor glands
(sympathetics are opposite) |
|
Definition
| what are the functions of parasympathetics in the lungs? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are the sympathetic nerve fibers seen in the pulmonary plexus pre or post ganglionic? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where are the bronchopulmonary lymph nodes found? |
|
|
Term
| superior and inferior sets above the bifurcation |
|
Definition
| where are the trachial/bronchial lymph nodes found? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what color are bronchopulmonary nodes typically? |
|
|
Term
| on either side of the trachea |
|
Definition
| where are the paratrachial lymph nodes found? |
|
|
Term
| above the clavicle (around subclavian vein/artery) |
|
Definition
| where are the supraclavicular lymph nodes found? |
|
|
Term
| midline between costal cartilages 2-4 |
|
Definition
| where do left and right parietal pleural lines of reflection contact each other? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where does the left parietal pleura have an indentation due to the heart? |
|
|
Term
1)rib 10 in the mid axillary line
2)costal cartilage 8 in the mid clavicular line
3)rib 12 on the back (this is actually higher than rib 10 on the side due to angle of the ribs) |
|
Definition
| where are the places the pleura of each side cross? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where does the trachea bifurcate? |
|
|
Term
| about 2 ribs higher (lungs at 8, ribs at 10) |
|
Definition
| where do the lungs lay in relation to the pleura? |
|
|
Term
| begins deep to the mid axillary line at rib 5 to sternocostal joint 4 |
|
Definition
| where is the horizontal fissure of the right lung found with surface anatomy? |
|
|
Term
| begin adjacent to spine of T3, pass deep to ribs 5 at the mid-axillary lines and end deep to ribs 6 at the mid-clavicular lines |
|
Definition
| where are the oblique fissures of the right and left lungs found(using surface anatomy)? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what can be visualized by having the patient place their hands on their head with elbows facing laterally, then using the vertebral borders of the scapulae |
|
|
